This document includes notes on climate, time zones, and map projections. It discusses latitude and longitude lines and how they divide the Earth. Latitude lines run east to west and are used to measure degrees north and south of the equator. Important latitude lines include the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn and Arctic and Antarctic Circles. Longitude lines run north to south and are used to establish time zones and the International Date Line. Time zones group regions that use the same standard time.

1. INCLUDES NOTES FOR CLIMATE & TIMEZONES

2. MAP PART NOTES

3. Parts of a Map

4. Compass Rose
Cardinal Directions Intermediate Directions

7. Mercator Projection – shows accurate
direction, but land and water areas are greatly distorted
toward the north and south poles.

8. RobinsonProjection–
showsaccurateshape&sizeof
continents,butwaterareasare
expandedtofilltheextraspace.

9. Imagine a single dot on a ping pong
ball. How would you describe its
location?
It would be quite difficult. The same is
true of locations on the Earth's surface.
Geographers have solved this problem
by creating latitude lines and longitude
lines.

10. Latitude defined…
 Latitude: (parallels) imaginary lines going
from the east to the west (right to left), but
dividing the globe north to south.
 They are called parallels because they never
touch. These lines are measured in degrees.
 Equator: an imaginary line that divides the
earth into northern and southern hemispheres.
It is the zero degrees latitude.

11. Divides Earth into Sections

12. Measured in Degrees

13. Important Latitude Lines
Tropic of Cancer: 23 ½°N north of the equator. The farthest
point north at which the sun can shine directly overhead.
Tropic of Capricorn: 23 ½ °S south of the equator. The
farthest point south at which the sun can shine directly
overhead.
Arctic Circle: 66 ½° N the frigid zone located directly on the
center of the north pole.
Antarctic Circle: 66 ½° S the frigid zone located directly on
the center of the south

15. Lines of Latitude & Climate
Now, color p10 in your
i-Notes.

16. World Map

21. LINES OF LONGITUDE

22. Longitude Defined
 Longitude – also called meridians;
imaginary lines that extend from the
North Pole to the South Pole
 Prime Meridian – 0° longitude line,
running though Greenwich, England.

26. Eastern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere

27. TIME ZONES

28. Int’l Date Line

29. Int’l Date Line Defined
 International Date Line – an imaginary
line on the Earth’s surface at 180°
longitude, mostly through the Pacific
Ocean, to the east of which the calendar
date is one day earlier than to the west

30. Since its beginning, the
International Date Line has
zigzagged to avoid spitting
apart countries into two
days. It bends through the
Bering Strait to avoid
placing far northeastern
Russia in a different day
than the rest of the country.
www.24timezones.com

33. Key Terms
 time zone – The method of tracking the 24
hours throughout the 360 degrees of the
earth’s circumference. Each time zone
generally equals 15 degrees longitude.
 standard time zone – a region in which the
same time is used
 daylight saving time – a plan in which clocks
are set one hour ahead of standard time for a
specific time for a specific period of time

34. More Key Terms
 A.M. ante meridiem (Latin) – “before
noon”
 P.M. post meridiem (Latin) – after noon
360/24=

35. Putting it all together!