The document discusses key concepts about the Earth's rotation, revolution, cardinal directions, time zones, and methods for representing the Earth's surface through maps, parallels, meridians, latitude and longitude. Specifically, it notes that the Earth rotates on its axis in slightly less than 24 hours, causing days and nights. It revolves around the sun in 365 days, causing the seasons. Time zones divide the Earth into 24 zones running north to south by meridians to coordinate time. Maps are flat representations that inevitably distort the true spherical surface. Parallels and meridians are lines that circle the globe horizontally and vertically, with the equator and Greenwich meridian being the most famous examples. Latitude is the distance north

1. Unit 1: The Earth

2. 1. Write a definition about the rotation of
the Earth (include how long it takes and its
consequences).
It is the movement of the Earth around its own axis
(220 km/sec).
This movement takes (slightly less than ) 24 hours and
causes the succession of days and nights.

6. 2. Where does the sun rise?
The sun rises in the east.
3. Where does the sun set?
The sun sets in the west.

7. North (Norte, Septentrional,
Boreal)
South (Sur, Meridional, Austral)
East (Este,
Oriente, Levante)
West (Oeste,
Occidente,
Poniente)
4. Cardinal Points

8. Time zones

9. 5. Explain the time zones (huso horario)
A time zone is an area that has a similar hour. The time
zones go from north to south following the meridians.
There are 24 time zones on the Earth.
(Because there are 24 hours in a day)

10. Extra information:
Did you know that in the 19th century each city
established its own oficial hour?
Within time the time zones were established all around
the world thanks to the astronomical observatories and
the use of telegraphs.

11. Debate: Should we keep or should we change our time zone?
Interesting article: Link

12. 6. Write a definition of the revolution of the
Earth, (Movimiento de traslación).
It is the movement of the Earth around the Sun. It takes 365 days,
6 hours and 9 minutes. It causes the succession of four different
seasons.

14. Representing the Earth

15. 7. What is a map?
A map is a flat representation of the surface of the Earth
Extra information:
Did you know that all the maps are wrong?
As it is very complicated to represent the surface of a
geoid on a flat surface all the maps show some
deformation.
Interesting web: “The true size of…” Link

16. 8. What are the parallels and what are the
most famous parallels?
The parallels are imaginary lines that
encircle the Earth horizontally.
Some famous parallels are:
The equator
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Arctic circle
Antarctic circle

18. The meridians are imaginary lines that
encircle the Earth vertically.
The most famous meridian is the
Greenwich meridian.
9. What are the meridians and which one is
the most famous meridian?

21. 10. What is Latitude and how do we measure
it?
Latitude is the distance from any point on
the Earth to the equator.
It is measured in degrees, minutes and
seconds and it goes from 0º (in the equator)
to 90º north or south (in the Poles).

23. 11. What is Longitude and how do we
measure it?
Longitude is the distance from any point
on the Earth to the Greenwich meridian.
It is measured in degrees, minutes and
seconds and
It goes from 0º (in the Greenwich
meridian) to 180º East or West.

25. The geographical coordinates