This biography summarizes the life and career of the British poet Ted Hughes. It notes that he was born in 1930 in Yorkshire, England and attended Cambridge University where he studied archaeology and anthropology. Hughes published his first book of poems in 1957 and went on to publish over 90 books in his career. He was married to American poet Sylvia Plath from 1956 until her death by suicide in 1963. Hughes spent his life exploring themes of nature, violence, and the primitive forces within humanity through his poetry, gaining recognition as an acclaimed poet.
To the lighthouse, Summary,themes, symbols and modernismWali ullah
Virginia Woolf biography, works and style. Stream of consciousness and it's features. Introduction, summary, themes, and modernism in To The Lighthouse. Modernism. Modern Novels. Modern writing Techniques, Virginia Woolf life and works.
Yeats explores his thoughts and musings on how immortality, art, and the human spirit may converge. Through the use of various poetic techniques, Yeats's Sailing to Byzantium describes the metaphorical journey of a man pursuing his own vision of eternal life as well as his conception of paradise.
These are some poems by Philip Hughes and also some influences on his poetry. These make for some interesting reading.These have been compiled by Proff Mc Kenzie from the University of Johannesburg.
To the lighthouse, Summary,themes, symbols and modernismWali ullah
Virginia Woolf biography, works and style. Stream of consciousness and it's features. Introduction, summary, themes, and modernism in To The Lighthouse. Modernism. Modern Novels. Modern writing Techniques, Virginia Woolf life and works.
Yeats explores his thoughts and musings on how immortality, art, and the human spirit may converge. Through the use of various poetic techniques, Yeats's Sailing to Byzantium describes the metaphorical journey of a man pursuing his own vision of eternal life as well as his conception of paradise.
These are some poems by Philip Hughes and also some influences on his poetry. These make for some interesting reading.These have been compiled by Proff Mc Kenzie from the University of Johannesburg.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, his life and works
Prepared by Ahmad Hussain, Department of English,
Abdul Wali khan University Mardan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
Facebook page link for Literary students: www.facebook.com/englitpearls
Samuel Coleridge- Biographia Literaria Ch 14Dilip Barad
This presentation deals with chapter 14 of 'Biographia Literaria' written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It deals with his famous defence of Wordsworth's poetic creed, difference between prose and poem; and more importantly, difference between poem and poetry
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, his life and works
Prepared by Ahmad Hussain, Department of English,
Abdul Wali khan University Mardan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
Facebook page link for Literary students: www.facebook.com/englitpearls
Samuel Coleridge- Biographia Literaria Ch 14Dilip Barad
This presentation deals with chapter 14 of 'Biographia Literaria' written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It deals with his famous defence of Wordsworth's poetic creed, difference between prose and poem; and more importantly, difference between poem and poetry
In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation[1] that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970[2] reformulating the ideas of Zellig Harris (1951,[3]) and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1974,[4] 1977a,[5] 1977b[6]), along the lines of the theory of generative grammar put forth in the 1950s by Chomsky.[7][8] It attempts to capture the structure of phrasal categories with a single uniform structure called the X-bar schema, basing itself on the assumption that any phrase in natural language is an XP (X phrase) that is headed by a given syntactic category X. It played a significant role in resolving issues that phrase structure rules had, representative of which is the proliferation of grammatical rules, which is against the thesis of generative grammar.
In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation[1] that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970[2] reformulating the ideas of Zellig Harris (1951,[3]) and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1974,[4] 1977a,[5] 1977b[6]), along the lines of the theory of generative grammar put forth in the 1950s by Chomsky.[7][8] It attempts to capture the structure of phrasal categories with a single uniform structure called the X-bar schema, basing itself on the assumption that any phrase in natural language is an XP (X phrase) that is headed by a given syntactic category X. It played a significant role in resolving issues that phrase structure rules had, representative of which is the proliferation of grammatical rules, which is against the thesis of generative grammar.
X-bar theory was incorporated into both transformational and nontransformational theories of syntax, including government and binding theory (GB), generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG), lexical-functional grammar (LFG), and head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG).[9] Although recent work in the minimalist program has largely abandoned X-bar schemata in favor of bare phrase structure approaches, the theory's central assumptions are still valid in different forms and terms in many theories of minimalist syntax.
The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultura.docxcherry686017
The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. Many had come from the South, fleeing its oppressive caste system in order to find a place where they could freely express their talents. Among those artists whose works achieved recognition were Langston Hughes and Claude McKay, Countee Cullen and Arna Bontemps, Zora Neale Hurston and Jean Toomer, Walter White and James Weldon Johnson. W.E.B. Du Bois encouraged talented artists to leave the South. Du Bois, then the editor of THE CRISIS magazine, the journal of the NAACP, was at the height of his fame and influence in the black community. THE CRISIS published the poems, stories, and visual works of many artists of the period. The Renaissance was more than a literary movement: It involved racial pride, fueled in part by the militancy of the "New Negro" demanding civil and political rights. The Renaissance incorporated jazz and the blues, attracting whites to Harlem speakeasies, where interracial couples danced. But the Renaissance had little impact on breaking down the rigid barriers of Jim Crow that separated the races. While it may have contributed to a certain relaxation of racial attitudes among young whites, perhaps its greatest impact was to reinforce race pride among blacks.
-- Richard Wormser
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_harlem.html
Hughes's Life and Career
Photo by Carl Van Vechten
Arnold Rampersad
Born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri, Langston Hughes grew up mainly in Lawrence, Kansas, but also lived in Illinois, Ohio, and Mexico.
By the time Hughes enrolled at Columbia University in New York, he had already launched his literary career with his poem "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" in the Crisis, edited by W E. B. Du Bois. He had also committed himself both to writing and to writing mainly about African Americans.
Hughes's sense of dedication was instilled in him most of all by his maternal grandmother, Mary Langston, whose first husband had died at Harpers Ferry as a member of John Brown's band, and whose second husband (Hughes's grandfather) had also been a militant abolitionist. Another important family figure was John Mercer Langston, a brother of Hughes's grandfather who was one of the best-known black Americans of the nineteenth century. At the same time, Hughes struggled with a sense of desolation fostered by parental neglect. He himself recalled being driven early by his loneliness 'to books, and the wonderful world in books.’
Leaving Columbia in 1922, Hughes spent the next three years in a succession of menial jobs. But he also traveled abroad. He worked on a freighter down the west coast of Africa and lived for several months in Paris before returning to the United States late in 1924. By this time, he was w ...
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. Biography Born August 17th, 1930 in Mytholmroyd, Yorkshire, Spent first 6 years of life living among the farms his family moved to Mexborough, south Yorkshire when his father was to run a newspaper and tobacco shop. He attended Mexborough grammar school, wrote his first poems from the age of fifteen Before beginning English studies at Cambridge University he spent much of his National service time (as a radio repairman at an airfield) reading and rereading all of Shakespeare. According to report, he could recite it all by heart. At Cambridge, he he 'spent most..time reading folklore and Yeat's poems,' and switched from English to Archaeology and Anthropology in his third year. His first published poem appeared in 1954, the year he graduated from Cambridge. From 1955 to 1956, he worked as a rose gardener, night-watchman, zoo attendant, schoolteacher,planned to teach in Spain then emigrate to Australia.
3. Biography February 26 saw the launch of the literary magazine, the St Botolph's Review, for which Hughes was one of six co-producers. It was also the day he met Sylvia Plath; they were married in four months. Hughes's first book of poems, Hawk in the Rain, was published in 1957 to immediate acclaim: won the Harper publication contest. Over the next 41 years, he would write upwards of 90 books, and win numerous prizes and fellowships In 1984, he was appointed England’s poet laureate.
4. Hughes and Plath A strong indirect source of interest in Hughes (aside from his poetry) is his seven-year marriage to the well-known American Poet, Sylvia Plath. Birthday Letters is a sequence of lyrics written by Hughes in the first year of their marriage, cast as a continued conversation with Plath.
5. Hughes and Plath Plath committed suicide in 1963 they had separated in 1962 many held Hughes responsible for her death adulterous relationship with AssiaWevill; Though deeply marked by the loss, Hughes was publicly silent on the subject for more than 30 years. sense of responsibility to protect the couple's two young children perceptions of their mother would have marred by external interference. Hughes became the executor of Plath’s personal and literary estates. oversaw the publication of her manuscripts, including Ariel (1966). also claimed to have destroyed the final volume of Plath’s journal, detailing their last few months together.
6. Hughes and Plath Some recent biographies such as have attempted to ‘set the record straight and clear the air of rancor and recrimination’ The publication of Birthday Letters has been seen as a 'retaking' of the histories that had been stolen from the family through the cracks in the armour.
7. Epilogue March 23, 1969: AssiaWevill, killed herself in a similar manner to Sylvia’s: turned on the gas in the oven without lighting it dissolved some sleeping pills for herself in a glass of whiskey murdered their 4 year-old daughter in the process. 1970 Hughes marries Carol Orchard A nurse 20 years younger Ted Hughes dies 28 October 1998 in Devon, England March 2009: Nicholas Hughes The son of writers Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes committed suicide at age 47: hanged himself at his home in Fairbanks, Alaska, following a battle with depression was a professor of fisheries and ocean sciences but had recently left his position “to take up pottery”.
8. “No death outside my immediate family has left me feeling more bereft. No death in my lifetime has hurt poets more. He was a tower of tenderness and strength, a great arch under which the least of poetry's children could enter and feel secure. His creative powers were, as Shakespeare said, still crescent. By his death, the veil of poetry is rent and the walls of learning broken.” - Seamus Heaney speaking at Hughes’ funeral
9. Quotations: “You write interestingly only about the things that genuinely interest you. This is an infallible rule.. in writing, you have to be able to distinguish between those things about which you are merely curious –things you heard about last week or read about yesterday- and things which are a deep part of your life… So you say, ‘What part of my life would I die to be separated from?’ “–Ted Hughes, Poetry in the Making ‘Imagine what you are writing about. See it and live it.’ –Ted Hughes, Poetry in the Making
10. Overarching themes: some have called Hughes a “nature poet”. A keen countryman and hunter from a young age, viewed writing poems as a continuation of his earlier passion. ‘This is hunting and the poem is a new species of creature, a new specimen of the life outside your own.’ poetic technique of animal symbolism deeply involved in the observation of the world of creatures He was concerned with strong and sometimes violent forces of nature wrote with great powers of imagination as if from inside the birds and animals strong feelings and urgent ,brilliant images His studies of nature and anthropology: A view of man as being both opposed by the primitive forces of nature also as containing those same forces within himself.
11. Themes unsentimental, written in rough, harsh, sometimes disjointed lines, emphasizing the cunning and savagery of animal life. Also applied to people: stressed the instinctive, animal side of human nature rather than the intellectual
12. Themes Rejects cool rationality, objectivity and detachment : objectivity will not get us to the essence of things Only through the recreation of subjective emotions can the poet hope to reveal the spirit or root of an experience or object. The Western world: becoming ever more scientific in its approach to life: the result: a sense of disconnectedness among people an increasing tendency toward aggression.
13. Themes Hughes’s poetry exposes this violence and uses it as a means of expression. In “Out,” the trauma of the soldier “blasted to bits” in World War I is equated with a birth into a culture that clings tenaciously to memories of a devastating conflict. “And it’s just another baby. . . . / The reassembled infantryman / Tentatively totters out, gazing around with the eyes / Of an exhausted clerk” (lines 32–36). Echoing Yeats’s “rough beast . . . [who] / Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born,” Hughes’s soldier signals the decline of a civilization into brutalityand stagnation (“Second Coming,” lines 21–22).
14. “Out” - Themes The psychological inheritance of war: the stifling effect of the war both cultural and personal the need to put war’s memories and the dead to rest the son inherits the father’s legacy in a society that cannot let go of the violent past, every birth is a death each new child dies into English culture.
15. “Out” - Summary describes Hughes’s relationship with his father, one of the few survivors of the Gallipoli disaster in World War I, a victim of shell shock. Hughes’s attempt to try to rid himself of the psychological burden of the war. The war—and its remembrance—became part of what defined England and Englishness. Not only was Hughes’s family greatly affected, but many of Yorkshire’s inhabitants were touched by the war in some way. Massive numbers of soldiers died or came home physically or psychologically wounded. “Out” tries to exorcise the demons Hughes lived with and rejects the war as a defining cultural experience.
16. “Out” - Structure Each of its three sections accesses the trauma of the war in a different manner: either as a memory, metaphor, or direct effect. The first part: describes the depleted emotional state of Hughes’s father when he returned from the war and its effect on Hughes as a child the second part: imagines Hughes (and perhaps, by extension, all children of war veterans or all children of England) being born or reborn into a predetermined cultural malaise the third part: focuses on Remembrance Day, commemorates the soldiers who died in battle. Hughes is not describing events or images in a detached, intellectual manner: Instead, through violent imagery and jarring language Hughes attempts to pull the reader directly into the feeling he is talking about.
17. “Out” – Close Reading Hughes imagines himself as a child of four: his father’s “luckless double, / His memory’s buried, immovable anchor, / Among jawbones and blown-off boots, tree-stumps, shell-cases and craters” (lines 14–16). The hyphenated phrases, repetition of harsh consonants (jawbones/blown/ boots; cases/craters), and images of devastation convey a sense of the war’s brutality, “His memory’s buried, immovable anchor” creates the feeling of being pinioned by the oppressive weight of war’s memory.
18. “Out” – Close Reading The second section melds the concept of birth with war: the baby born into the violence of war is caught up in its destructive cycle. On the one hand, the baby could be Hughes himself, born into his father’s legacy, yet on the other hand, the baby might be all English children born into the self-determining culture of war’s memory.
19. “Out” – Close Reading Focus on the associations and intersections of words such as “sweat,” “melting . . . flesh,” “baby-furnace,” and “blood,” many of which could refer equally to war or (a very grisly view of ) childbirth (lines 20, 21, 23, 26). the topic of birth in this section extends the idea of the son’s inheritance from the father, described in the first section. final section: the significance of the poppy, both in reference to John McCrae’s poem “In Flanders Fields” and to its use as a decorative emblem to be purchased andworn on Remembrance Day. The poppy is made out of fabric (“canvas” here [line 39]) and attached to a wire (“puppet on a wire” [39]). Hughes loathes the practice of keeping the war’s memory alive with this emblem: “A canvas-beauty puppet on a wire / Today whoring everywhere. It is yearssince I wore one” (lines 39–40).
20. “Out” – Close Reading Cenotaphs: false tombs erected as World War I monuments and are specifically associated with that war; almost every sizable English town has a cenotaph honoring World War I soldiers. “So goodbye to that bloody-minded flower,” Hughes writes; “You dead bury your dead. / Goodbye to the cenotaphs on my mother’s breasts” (lines 51–52), rejecting not just the war but the clinging to the memory of that war. It is possible to see in these lines and in the closing line— “Let England close. Let the green sea-anemone close” (line 54) a repudiation of both the father’s legacy of war memories to the son and of England’s saturation in the memory of that war. The mother here may be all mothers who lost their sons to the war, a symbolic mother of England Hughes’s own mother or all three. What role does the mother play in this poem?
21. “Out” – Close Reading Section 3 begins with the declaration: “The poppy is a wound, the poppy is the mouth / Of the grave, maybe of the womb searching” (lines 37–38). Both the grave and womb are connected here, as they are in the second section (“The dead man in his cave beginning to sweat; . . . / the mother in the baby-furnace” [line 20]). a grim view of birth into a culture that cannot let go of its memories of devastation: doomed to produce children oppressed by war’s psychological legacies.