The document discusses the memristor, a new type of circuit element. It provides an overview of what a memristor is, how it works, its properties and benefits. A memristor is a two-terminal semiconductor device that can remember the amount of charge that has passed through it. It was first proposed in 1971 and works by changing resistance based on the direction and amount of current flow. Memristors have advantages like non-volatility, high density storage and lower power consumption. They could replace transistors and enable new technologies like boot-free computers with high storage capacity. However, challenges remain around speed, design standards and heat dissipation.

1. MEMRISTOR
The Next Revolution In Technology
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
PROF.MR.DODABHANGI S.B.
PRESENTED BY
DESAI MAHADEV V.
(ROLLNO.37)

2. OVERVIEW
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WHAT IS MEMRISTOR
HISTORY OF MEMRISTOR
EXISTING TECHNOLOGY
WORKING OF MEMRISTOR
PROPERTY OF MEMRISTOR
BENEFITS OF MEMRISTOR
FUTURE
ADVANTAGE OF MEMERISTOR
MAJOR CHALLENGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

3. What is
What is
memristor ?
memristor ?

4. MEMRISTOR
Memristor
Memory
+
Resistor
Memristor

5. Definition of Memristor
Memristor can be defined as a two
terminal device which shows the
relation between magnetic flux
and charge
MEMRISTOR SYMBOL

6. • A Memristor is a semiconductor whose resistance
varies as a function of flux and charge. This allows it
to “remember” what has passed through the circuit.
• Characterized by Memristance

7. • Memristance is simply charge-dependent resistance.
V(t) = M(q(t))*I(t)
• Unit - ohm (Ω)
• Symbol

9. The term Memristor was first proposed by
Leon Chua in 1971when he was a rising
professor at
The University of California
Berkeley
LEON.O.CHUA

11. Three Fundamental Circuit Elements
Resistor
Georg Ohm 1827
Resistor
Capacitor
v = R×
i
q = C ×v
Capacitor
von Kleist 1745
Inductor
ϕ = L ×i
Inductor
Michael Faraday 1831

12. The Missing Circuit Element
Voltage
(V)
Resistors
v=Ri
v=dΦ/dt
Capacitors q=Cv
Charge
(q)
Current
(i)
i=dq/dt
Φ = Li
?
?
Inductors
Flux (Φ)

13. Memristor 1971
Voltage
(V)
Resistors
v=Ri
v=dΦ/dt
i=dq/dt
Capacitors q=Cv
Charge
(q)
Current
(i)
Φ = Li
Φ=Mq
Memristors
Inductors
Flux (Φ)

14. WORKING
2 nm
(-)ve
TiOv(2-x)
PT
PT
(+)ve
TiO2
3 nm
Reduced
Oxidized
Applied voltage makes the oxygen vacancies
(+ve) to shift towards the –ve voltage

15. The HP device is composed of a thin (50 nm) titanium
dioxide film between two 5 nm thick electrodes, one Ti, the
other Pt. Initially, there are two layers to the titanium
dioxide film, one of which has a slight depletion of oxygen
atoms.
 The oxygen vacancies act as charge carriers, meaning that
the depleted layer has a much lower resistance than the nondepleted layer.
 When an electric field is applied, the oxygen vacancies
drift ,changing the boundary between the high-resistance and
low-resistance layers.

16. Thus the resistance of the film as a whole is dependent on
how much charge has been passed through it in a particular
direction, which is reversible by changing the direction of
current.
Since the HP device displays fast ion conduction at
nanoscale, it is considered as a nanoionic device.

17. Analogy Of Memristor
•
The diameter of
pipe remains same
when the current is
switched off, until
it is switched on
again.
•
The pipe, when the
current is
switched on again,
remembers what
current has flowed
through it.
A RESISTOR WITH
MEMORY BEHAVES LIKE A
PIPE

18. What Sets Memristor Apart ??
• Conventional devices use only 0 and 1; Memristor can
use anything between 0 and 1.
• Faster than Flash memory.
– Allow digital cameras to take pictures with no delay in
between.
• Innovating nanotechnology due to the fact that it
performs better the smaller it becomes.

19. Property Of Memristor
• Retain its resistance level even after power had
been shut down.
• Remember (or recall) the last resistance it had,
before being shut off.
• By changing the speed and strength of the
current, it is possible to change the behavior of
the device.
• A fast and hard current causes it to act as a
digital device.
• A soft and slow current causes it to act as an
analog device.

20. Is it analog or digital?
Amazingly, its both.

21. Benefits Of Memristor Technology
• Would allow for a quicker boot up since information is
not lost when the device is turned off.
• Uses less energy and produces less heat.
• Eliminates the need to write computer programs that
replicate small parts of the brain.
• Creating a Computer that never has to boot up.
• Does not lose information when turned off.
• Density allows for more information to be stored.
• Has the capacity to remember the charge that flows
through it at a given point in time.

22. Future Technological Significance
• Pattern recognition and learning.
• Crossbar latches to replace transistors.
• New forms signal processing and control systems.
• Memristors can be used to do digital logic using
implication instead of NAND.
• Could lead to replacement of the transistor

23. • No more hard drive and RAM
• Just Memristors
• Very high storage and speeds.

24. Nonvolatile memories
Booting free computers

25. ADVANTAGES
•
Provides greater resiliency and reliability when power
is interrupted in data centers.
•
Density allows for more information to be stored.
•
Power Consumption
As non-volatile memory, memristor do not
consume power when idle.

26. MAJOR CHALLNGES
• The memristor major challenges are its relatively low
speeds
• No design standards (rules)
• Needs more defect engineering
• Dissipates heat when written to or read

27. Conclusion
It is sure that Memristor is going to revolutionaries the 21st
century as radically as the transistor in the 20th century But
Memristor will have to wait a few years for a killer app
like transistor which had to wait almost a decade after it’s
invention for the killer app in the form of hearing aids
Finally as Leon O Chua mentioned
It’s time to rewrite all the EE textbooks ”

28. References
 How We Found the Missing Memristor by Stanley Williams, IEEE
Spectrum December 2008.
 L.O, Chua, Memristor-missing circuit clement, IEEE Tans . Circuit
Theory, Vol. 18, 1971, pp. 507-519.
 Memristor and Memristive Systems Symposium, University of California,
Berkeley, November 21,2008.
 Stateful Implication Logic with Memristors by Eero Lehtonen, Mika Laiho
2009 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures
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