This document discusses various pedagogical approaches that can be used to teach AP 10, including constructivism, inquiry-based learning, reflective approaches, collaborative approaches, and integrative teaching. Constructivism involves students constructing their own understanding based on experiences. Inquiry-based learning involves students investigating questions. Reflective approaches encourage students and teachers to analyze experiences. Collaborative approaches involve group work and peer teaching. Integrative teaching aims to make connections across subjects. Experiential and problem-based learning are emphasized as they allow students to apply knowledge to real-life issues. The goal is to make the AP 10 classroom a meaningful experience for students.

1. Pedagogical Approaches
sheryl.pacheco@deped.gov.ph
PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES

2. Section 5 (e) RA 10533
“The curriculum shall use pedagogical
approaches such as constructivism, inquiry-
based, reflective, collaborative, and
integrative.”

3. • The aim of AP 10 is not only to answer the
question: “Who are we?”.
• More importantly, AP 10 aims to immerse
ourselves (you and your students) in the
process of finding out who we are and
what we want to become based on shared
experiences of contemporary issues.

4. Experiential learning (praxis) as the core
pedagogical approach
Why? Because political knowledge is best
acquired, retained and deepened when it
impacts people’s personal and communal
lives – often leading to involvement in public
affairs.

5. Constructivism
• We construct meaning based on prior
knowledge and experience
• Meaning-making
• Learning is social
• Learning as active

6. In a constructivist approach, it is important
that we know where our students are
coming from but NOT to judge them, but to
be able to provide the most suitable learning
environment for them to discover what
needed to be learned and un-learned.

7. CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH
• ANECDOTAL RECORDS
• CELEBRATION OF LEARNING
• EXIT CARD
• GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
• JOURNAL
• ORAL PRESENTATION
• PEER ASSESSMENT
• PORTFOLIOS
• RUBRICS
• SIMULATION
• PROJECT BASED LEARNING
ASSESSMENT IN A CONSTRUCTIVIST CLASSROOM

8. Approaches that promote constructivism in the
AP 10 classroom
• Integrative teaching – cutting across disciplinal
lines (interdisciplinary) and learning styles
• Reflective – stepping back and analyze their
experience to improve future learning
• Collaborative – not only among students but more
importantly between students, teachers, and their
respective community
• Inquiry-based – raising questions, posing problems
or scenarios and let student discover the answer

9. CONTEN
T-BASED
INSTRUC
TION
INQUIRY
THEMATIC
TEACHING
GENERIC
COMPETE
NCY
MODEL
IT AIMS TO CONNECT WHAT
IS LEARNED IN SCHOOL TO
REAL LIFE SITUATIONS, THUS
IT IS MORE ON DEVELOPING
PROBLEM SOLVING AND
DISCUSSIONS OF ISSUES IN
THE REAL WORLD.
Make connections of learning across curricula;
focuses on connections rather than isolated facts.
Integrative Approach

10. Integrative Teaching
•THEMATIC TEACHING- THEME HELPS STUDENTS SEE THE
MEANINGFUL CONNECTIONS ACROSS DISCIPLINES OR LEARNING
AREAS

11. REFLECTIVE APPROACH
-TEACHERS ANALYZE THEIR
OWN PRACTICE AND
UNDERLYING BASIS TO
CONSIDER ALTERNATIVE
MEANS FOR ACHIEVING
THEIR ENDS.

12. Strategies- Reflective Approach
1. MULTIMEDIA
PRESENTATION
EFFECTIVE USE OF
INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIALS THAT
UTILIZE A WIDE RANGE
OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA,
ALLOWING LEARNERS
TO REFLECT AFTER THE
TEACHING LEARNING
PROCESS.

13. 2. Drill and Practice
Strategies-Reflective Approach
GIVES EMPHASIS
ON REPETITION
AFTER THE
LEARNERS
REFLECT ON THEIR
SKILL OR
LEARNING.

14. collective
learning, learning
communities,
peer teaching,
peer learning or
team learning
LEARNERS WORK
TOGETHER
TOWARDS A
COMMON GOAL
• TEACHERS MUST FULLY UNDERSTAND LEARNERS PREFERRED LEARNING
STYLES.
Collaborative Approach

15. 1.ONLINE-COLLABORATIVE LEARNING-
ACTIVITIES REFLECT CURRENT
AND FUTURE NEEDS
RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUALS IN A
TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED
SOCIETY

16. 2. JIGSAW METHOD
LEARNERS
WORK IN A
SMALL
GROUP
ALLOWS INTERACTION
WORK INDEPENDENTLY
DEVELOP LISTENING , ENGAGEMENT
AND EMPATHY SKILLS
EFFICIENT WAY TO LEARN CONTENT
Strategies- Collaborative Approach

17. Strategies- Collaborative Approach
3. THINK-PAIR-SHARE
COOPERATIVE DISCUSSION
STRATEGY WITH 3 STAGES OF
ACTION
THINK •PONDERS
PAIR • GETS A
PAIR
SHARE
•PARTAKES
KNOWLEDGE

18. INQUIRY-BASED APPROACH-LEARNERS ACQUIRE
KNOWLEDGE BY INVESTIGATION.
FORMULATE
QUESTIONS
INVESTIGATE
BUILD
UNDERSTANDING
CREATE MEANING/NEW
KNOWLEDGE

19. • PLACED IN
A
SITUATION
• INTERACT
SIMULATION
ROLE
PLAYS
 GAMES
MODE
Strategies

20. Strategies- Inquiry-based Approach
DEMONSTRATION
•LESSENS TEACHERS’ ACTIVE ROLE
•ALLOW LEARNERS TO RESPECT
DIVERSITY
•PROVIDES A CONCRETE/VISUAL
WAY OF EXPLAINING THE TOPIC

21. Where do we start?
Techniques in probing student’s understanding:
1. Predict-observe-explain
2. Graphic organizer, KWLH Chart
3. Mind Mapping and Concept Mapping
4. Concept Cartoons
Each module in the LM should have at least
one or two of these activities. Can you find
them?

22. How do we know that they now know?
• Learning takes place when what we
know is being challenged by new ideas
brought about by contemporary
experiences.
• Cognitive dissonance – a necessary
precursor of learning

23. Why are we doing this?
• meaningful lesson vs meaningful classroom
A lesson is meaningful if it provides learners
with facts and empirical data and explain how
these relate with each other.
But if the learner does not find any relevance in
learning for learning’s sake, then the classroom
is not a meaningful one.

24. Therefore, a lesson is meaningful in so far
as it effectively provides conceptual
knowledge.
A classroom is a meaningful when learners
see its value beyond what the lessons
provide.

25. We must offer the AP 10 learners the
experience of a meaningful classroom – that
coming to class is not pointless but a value in
itself.
This means that we have to convert our
classroom from a theoretical to a more practical
one.

26. Paulo Freire
(1921-1997)

27. The educational system is one of the major
instruments for the maintenance of the
culture of silence (education as a practice
of domination).

28. Therefore, the education process CANNOT be
neutral.
It either functions as an instrument to facilitate the
integration of younger generation into the logic of the
present system and bring about conformity to it.
or
It becomes the practice of freedom, the means by which
men & women deal critically and creatively with reality &
discover how to participate in the transformation of the
world.

29. AP 10 provides a safe and
inclusive space where
critical and honest
conversations can happen.
AP 10 uses relevant
experiences that can excite
our students to find
meaning inside the
classroom and eventually
ignite them to engage in the
political outside.

30. Implication to you as a teacher...

31. “It is what teachers think, what teachers do, and
what teachers are at the level of the classroom that
ultimately shapes the kind of learning that young
people get.”
- Andy Hargreaves and Michael Fullan-
Pedagogical Approaches
sheryl.pacheco@deped.gov.ph