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Evolving Concept of Life
Based on Emerging Pieces of
Evidence
ELS 11 Q2 W1
Target of the Day!
◍ identify the sequence of events of the
history of life on earth;
◍ name the pieces of evidence on the
evolution of life on earth;
◍ recognize the importance of knowing
the history of life on earth
2
“
What is a timeline?
3
The Earth’s Timeline
A peek to the early origins of Life
4
The Earth’s Timeline
◍ 4.6 BYA – Earliest Geologic Record of
the Earth
○ This would also pertain to the “Earth’s Age”
◍ Violent, Chaotic and Disorder
○ 4.6-3.8 BYA - because of the meteorites and
volcanic eruptions. With this condition, zircon
crystal was formed.
5
The Earth’s Timeline
◍ Early Atmosphere
○ Probably contained CO2, CO, Nitrogen, Ammonia,
Methane
○ But, No Oxygen! (wouldn’t support life)
◍ 3.8 BYA
○ Earth cooled enough for liquid water to
form
6
When did Life Began?
◍ 4.28 BYA
○ Fossils (microfossils) discovered in
hydrothermal vent precipitates
◍ 3.5 BYA
○ Life on Earth initially began with prokaryotes,
discovered in sedimentary rock formations called
stromatolites.
◍ Prokaryotes – cells that do not have
Nucleus (Bacteria and Archea) 7
Going back…
◍ Early Atmosphere
○ Probably contained CO2, CO, Nitrogen, Ammonia,
Methane
○ But, No Oxygen! (wouldn’t support life)
◍ Anaerobic organism – capable of
surviving without oxygen
◍ 3.0 BYA - The first photosynthetic
organism thrived the earth which is blue
green algae called cyanobacteria. 8
The Earth’s Timeline
◍ Unicellular organisms >> Multicellular
Organism
◍ 2.0 BYA - Appearance of the first
eukaryotes and the influx of
multicellular organisms occurred 1.2
billion years ago.
○ Eukaryotes – multicellular, with true nucleus
○ The first eukaryotes were protists
◍ Evolution play a pivotal role
9
10
The Earth’s timeline
◍ 500 MYA The Paleozoic era when the
trilobites and cephalopods became
dominant in the ocean particularly
during the
Cambrian and Ordovician
11
251 to 65.5 MYA
◍ The Mesozoic era-the age of reptiles
that has a span of 251 to 65.5 MYA
divided into Triassic, Jurassic and
Cretaceous period
12
13
◍ 250 TYA
◍ The Cenozoic era- recent life and based
on paleontological evidence. Homo
erectus have evolved.
14
“
THE CONCEPT OF WHEN IS
ALWAYS DEBATABLE
15
“
16
17
D
B
A
C
E
THEORIES ON THE
ORIGIN OF LIFE
19
20
21
THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
◍ DIVINE CREATION
○ Life is created by a Supreme Being.
◍ ABIOGENESIS THEORY (SPONTANEOUS
GENERATION)
○ Life could appear from non-living material
◍ BIOGENESIS THEORY
○ Life could appear from living material
◍ PANSPERMIA THEORY
○ Extraterrestrial Origin
22
Theory of Biochemical Evolution
23
Classical Experiments
on Evolution of Life
“
Why is it important to falsify or
verify a claim through an
Experiment?
25
“
Spontaneous Generation
(Abiogenesis)- The hypothesis
that life arises regularly from
non-living thing
26
27
Biogenesis Theory
Life could appear from living material
28
Classical Experiments on Evolution of
Life
Italian physician and poet, Francesco Redi
(1668)
◍ Hypothesis: Maggots arose from tiny,
non-visible eggs laid on meat
◍ Procedures:
○ Put pieces of meat in several jars, leaving half
open to the air
○ Cover the other half with thin gauze to prevent
entrance of flies
29
Classical Experiments on Evolution of
Life
◍ Results:
After a few days, meat in all jars
spoiled and maggots were found
only on the meat in the uncovered
jars
One of the first documented
experiments to use a control!
30
Classical Experiments on Evolution of
Life
31
Classical Experiments on Evolution of
Life
32
Classical Experiments on Evolution of
Life
33
Classical Experiments on Evolution of
Life
34
Classical Experiments on Evolution of
Life
35
Classical Experiments on Evolution of
Life
36
Classical Experiments on Evolution of
Life
37
Classical Experiments on Evolution of
Life
◍ French scientist, Louis Pasteur (1859)
○ The French Academy of Sciences held a contest for the best
experiment either proving or disproving spontaneous generation
◍ Hypothesis: Microorganisms do not arise from meat
broth
◍ Procedures:
○ Place meat broth in a flask with a long, curved neck. (This permitted
air to enter, but trapped dust and other airborne particles)
○ Boil the flask thoroughly to kill any microorganisms
○ Do NOT seal the open end of the flask
○ Wait an entire year before gathering results 38
Classical Experiments on Evolution of
Life
◍ Results:
○ After a year, no microorganisms could be
found in the broth!
○ Pasteur then removed the curved neck,
permitting dust and other particles to
enter. In just one day, the flask contained
microorganisms!
○ Microorganisms had clearly entered the
flask with the dust particles from the air
39
40
thanks!
Any questions?
41

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ELS 11 Q2 W1 Evolving Concept of Life.pptx

  • 1. Evolving Concept of Life Based on Emerging Pieces of Evidence ELS 11 Q2 W1
  • 2. Target of the Day! ◍ identify the sequence of events of the history of life on earth; ◍ name the pieces of evidence on the evolution of life on earth; ◍ recognize the importance of knowing the history of life on earth 2
  • 3. “ What is a timeline? 3
  • 4. The Earth’s Timeline A peek to the early origins of Life 4
  • 5. The Earth’s Timeline ◍ 4.6 BYA – Earliest Geologic Record of the Earth ○ This would also pertain to the “Earth’s Age” ◍ Violent, Chaotic and Disorder ○ 4.6-3.8 BYA - because of the meteorites and volcanic eruptions. With this condition, zircon crystal was formed. 5
  • 6. The Earth’s Timeline ◍ Early Atmosphere ○ Probably contained CO2, CO, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Methane ○ But, No Oxygen! (wouldn’t support life) ◍ 3.8 BYA ○ Earth cooled enough for liquid water to form 6
  • 7. When did Life Began? ◍ 4.28 BYA ○ Fossils (microfossils) discovered in hydrothermal vent precipitates ◍ 3.5 BYA ○ Life on Earth initially began with prokaryotes, discovered in sedimentary rock formations called stromatolites. ◍ Prokaryotes – cells that do not have Nucleus (Bacteria and Archea) 7
  • 8. Going back… ◍ Early Atmosphere ○ Probably contained CO2, CO, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Methane ○ But, No Oxygen! (wouldn’t support life) ◍ Anaerobic organism – capable of surviving without oxygen ◍ 3.0 BYA - The first photosynthetic organism thrived the earth which is blue green algae called cyanobacteria. 8
  • 9. The Earth’s Timeline ◍ Unicellular organisms >> Multicellular Organism ◍ 2.0 BYA - Appearance of the first eukaryotes and the influx of multicellular organisms occurred 1.2 billion years ago. ○ Eukaryotes – multicellular, with true nucleus ○ The first eukaryotes were protists ◍ Evolution play a pivotal role 9
  • 10. 10
  • 11. The Earth’s timeline ◍ 500 MYA The Paleozoic era when the trilobites and cephalopods became dominant in the ocean particularly during the Cambrian and Ordovician 11
  • 12. 251 to 65.5 MYA ◍ The Mesozoic era-the age of reptiles that has a span of 251 to 65.5 MYA divided into Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous period 12
  • 13. 13
  • 14. ◍ 250 TYA ◍ The Cenozoic era- recent life and based on paleontological evidence. Homo erectus have evolved. 14
  • 15. “ THE CONCEPT OF WHEN IS ALWAYS DEBATABLE 15
  • 19. 19
  • 20. 20
  • 21. 21
  • 22. THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE ◍ DIVINE CREATION ○ Life is created by a Supreme Being. ◍ ABIOGENESIS THEORY (SPONTANEOUS GENERATION) ○ Life could appear from non-living material ◍ BIOGENESIS THEORY ○ Life could appear from living material ◍ PANSPERMIA THEORY ○ Extraterrestrial Origin 22
  • 23. Theory of Biochemical Evolution 23
  • 25. “ Why is it important to falsify or verify a claim through an Experiment? 25
  • 26. “ Spontaneous Generation (Abiogenesis)- The hypothesis that life arises regularly from non-living thing 26
  • 27. 27
  • 28. Biogenesis Theory Life could appear from living material 28
  • 29. Classical Experiments on Evolution of Life Italian physician and poet, Francesco Redi (1668) ◍ Hypothesis: Maggots arose from tiny, non-visible eggs laid on meat ◍ Procedures: ○ Put pieces of meat in several jars, leaving half open to the air ○ Cover the other half with thin gauze to prevent entrance of flies 29
  • 30. Classical Experiments on Evolution of Life ◍ Results: After a few days, meat in all jars spoiled and maggots were found only on the meat in the uncovered jars One of the first documented experiments to use a control! 30
  • 31. Classical Experiments on Evolution of Life 31
  • 32. Classical Experiments on Evolution of Life 32
  • 33. Classical Experiments on Evolution of Life 33
  • 34. Classical Experiments on Evolution of Life 34
  • 35. Classical Experiments on Evolution of Life 35
  • 36. Classical Experiments on Evolution of Life 36
  • 37. Classical Experiments on Evolution of Life 37
  • 38. Classical Experiments on Evolution of Life ◍ French scientist, Louis Pasteur (1859) ○ The French Academy of Sciences held a contest for the best experiment either proving or disproving spontaneous generation ◍ Hypothesis: Microorganisms do not arise from meat broth ◍ Procedures: ○ Place meat broth in a flask with a long, curved neck. (This permitted air to enter, but trapped dust and other airborne particles) ○ Boil the flask thoroughly to kill any microorganisms ○ Do NOT seal the open end of the flask ○ Wait an entire year before gathering results 38
  • 39. Classical Experiments on Evolution of Life ◍ Results: ○ After a year, no microorganisms could be found in the broth! ○ Pasteur then removed the curved neck, permitting dust and other particles to enter. In just one day, the flask contained microorganisms! ○ Microorganisms had clearly entered the flask with the dust particles from the air 39
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Editor's Notes

  1. Why is timeline significant?
  2. Theory of Biochemical Evolution: Several models for the origin of life have been suggested. The first 'modern' model for the origin of life was presented in the 1923 independently by the Russian biochemist A. I. Oparin and later supported by the British evolutionary biologist J. B. S. Haldane in 1928. The Oparin and Haldane theory is known as biochemical theory for the origin of life. According to the Oparin-Haldane model, life could have arisen through a series of organic chemical reactions that produced ever more complex biochemical structures. They proposed that common gases in the early Earth atmosphere combined to form simple organic chemicals, and that these in turn combined to form more complex molecules. Then, the complex molecules became separated from the surrounding medium, and acquired some of the characters of living organisms. They became able to absorb nutrients, to grow, to divide (reproduce), and so on