The document describes various techniques for separating components of mixtures, including evaporation, decantation, distillation, filtration, chromatography, and magnetism. Each method employs different physical properties, such as boiling points or solubility, to effectively separate the substances involved. For instance, evaporation is used to extract dissolved solids, while chromatography separates pigments based on their solubility.

1. Techniques Used in Separating
Components of Matter

2. • A mixture is composed
of two or more types of
matter that can be
present in varying
amounts and can be
physically separated by
using methods that use
physical properties to
separate the
components of the
mixture, such as
evaporation,
distillation, filtration,
and chromatography.

3. •Evaporation
• can be used as a
separation method to
separate components of
a mixture with a
dissolved solid in a
liquid. The liquid is
evaporated, meaning it
is converted from its
liquid state to a gaseous
state. This often
requires heat. Once the
liquid is completely
evaporated, the solid is
all that is left behind

4. • Salt production is obtained through evaporation from inland
salt pans, coastal salt pans, and seawater A salt pan is a
shallow dam in the ground where salt water evaporates to
leave a layer of dry salt. When seawater is allowed to stand in
shallow pans, the water gets heated by sunlight and slowly
turns into water vapor, through evaporation. Once the water
has evaporated completely, the solid salt is left behind.

5. • Decantation
• For mixtures of liquid
and heavy insoluble
solids, decantation is
the most
appropriate method
to use. Decantation
of the sand-water
mixture is carried out
by gently pouring
the water out of the
container after the
sand has settled at
the bottom of the
container

6. • Distillation
• Distillation is a
separation
technique used to
separate
components of a
liquid mixture by a
process of heating
and cooling, which
uses the differences
in the boiling point
of each of the
components such
as ethyl alcohol
and water

7. •Distillation
•Distillation is a
separation technique
used to separate
components of a
liquid mixture by a
process of heating and
cooling, which uses
the differences in the
boiling point of each
of the components
such as ethyl alcohol
and water

8. • Filtration
• When the
particles in a
mixture are too
small and when
the
components of
the mixture are
in different
states, we can
separate them
by filtration
using a filter.

9. • Chromatography
• Chromatography is the method used to separate
components of different degrees of solubility using a
moving and a stationary fluid. This method works in
separating the color pigments of inks. An example is
paper chromatography, liquid is drawn through the
paper fibers.

10. • The pigments in the ink are carried along by
the liquid, but because they are different
compounds, they get carried upward at
different speeds. This causes them to appear
as bands of different colors on the
chromatogram

11. • Magnetism
• Magnets are
normally used to
remove magnetic
solids from the
nonmagnetic
components of the
mixture. For
example, the
mixture of sulfur and
iron fillings can be
separated by using
a magnet to attract
the iron away from
the sulfur