Hello Friends, this is Sandeep. This presentation is specially for the MBA students. The concept has been explained in a simple and understandable way. If any corrections or suggestions, u can please contact me on divesandeep@gmail.com or +918888887907
Marketing Segmentation
In detail about marketing segmentation and different types of segmentation
Different types of marketing segmentation with examples
Hello Friends, this is Sandeep. This presentation is specially for the MBA students. The concept has been explained in a simple and understandable way. If any corrections or suggestions, u can please contact me on divesandeep@gmail.com or +918888887907
Marketing Segmentation
In detail about marketing segmentation and different types of segmentation
Different types of marketing segmentation with examples
Market Segmentation consist of taking the total
heterogeneous market for a product & dividing it
into several sub-market or segments, each of which
tends to be homogeneous in full significant
aspects.”
Market Segmentation consist of taking the total
heterogeneous market for a product & dividing it
into several sub-market or segments, each of which
tends to be homogeneous in full significant
aspects.”
1. A Informative Slides On HERB + DRUG Interaction VANDANA JANGHEL Assistant Professor (M. Pharma, Pharmacognosy) (Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technology & Sciences, Bilaspur, C.G.) What comes from Nature + What we change in nature + What we don’t want
2. 1. What are Herb-drug interactions? 2. How herbs interact with other co administered drug ? 3. Whether they are diagnoised? 4. Are they neglected? 5. Any reports available ? 6. What is the significance of the study ? 7. Need for the study We will discuss on following points HERB + DRUG Interaction
3. Herb drugs + Allopathic drug = Some Reactions HERB + DRUG Interaction 1. When herbal medicinal products and western drugs administered together may interact each other in body leading to kinetic and dynamic alterations. 2. Herbs are often administered in combination with therapeutic drugs, raising the potential of herb-drug interactions. 3. Herbs or Herbal drugs often taken with the Allopathic drugs with belief that it will have some Beneficial effect. 4. Most of the herbal drugs are taken because of- Availability, Economic consideration and its safety
4. PharmacodynamicPharmacokinetics Herb may causes Additive Synergistic Antagonistic Unidentified Response activity in relation to conventional drug Change the Absorption Distribution Metabolism Protein binding Excretion of the drug thus changing blood level of drug HERB + DRUG Interaction
5. Diagnosis Evidence of Interaction Preclinical Trials Clinical Trials Case studies from pharmacovigilance 1 2 3
6. 1. Drug interaction is the 4th to 6th cause of death in the world. 2. About 70-80 herbs may increase the risk of bleeding. 3. Aristolochic acid from Kidamari (Aristolochia Bracteolata) is toxic. 4. Ephedra (Somlata) caused more than 54 deaths and 1600 cases of adverse reaction. Facts about Herbal Drug Interactions
7. 1. Clinician lack of adequate knowledge about Drug-herb Interaction 2. No quality control and assurance for the purity and safety. 3. No advance research in this field. 4. Blind believe or over believe in Ayurverdic medicine 5. Avoidance of patient history about drug sensitivity 6. Adulteration in herbal drug Reason for Herb-Drug Interaction Less Knowledge No Quality Control No Documentation Mythological Believe Herbal-Drug Interaction
8. PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTION Parameter Increases Decreases Absorption Ginger Fibers Green tea Mucilage containing herb Black pepper Mucilage containing herb Metabolism Guggul Grape juice Elimination Laxative (Aloe) Liquorices Diuretics herbs
9. ALOE VERA Interferes with drug absorption through Laxative action (Aloe latex) Decrease transit time Decrease Intestinal Fluids GINGKO BILOBA Decrease effectiveness of Alprazolam by decreasing its absorption. Ginkgo decreases absorption of Alprazolam rather than inducing hepatic metabolism of alprazolam. GINGER Enhance the absorption of sulfaguanidine and decreases blood sugar PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTION Herbal drugs which shows Interaction related to Absorption
1
Segmentation, Targeting, positioning, differentiation, bases of segmentation, advantages of segmentation, types of targeting, Steps in Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning
Generate greater customer satisfaction
• Create savings
• To identify strategic opportunities and niches
• Increase marketing effectiveness
• Allocation of marketing budget
• Adjustment of product to the market need
• To estimate the level of sales in the market
• To overcome competition effectively
• To develop effective marketing programmers
• To contribute towards achieving company goals
• To develop marketing activities
New product dedisions provide a dear path to the business. New product development
astep by step process. A Complete idea is required behind new product.
1 1deal Generation: The development of a product starts with the concept and idea.
The remaining process is depending on that idea.
2 Screening of Idea: This step is cruial to ensure that unsuitable ideas, for whatever
reason, are rejected as soon as possible. Ideas need to be considered objectively,
ideally by a group or committee.
3. Concept Development and Testing: After having an idea, next is the sreening
stage. The idea should now convert into concept. It has depth information which can
be visualizing by the consumer.
4. Anaysis of business: After finalization of concept, a business case needs to be kept
algTStogether to consider whether the new service /product will be gainful.
2665.Product Development If the nev product is approved, it will be approved to the
2marketing and technical development step.
6. Test Marketing: Market testing (test marketing or) is different to consumer testing.
in that it introduces the product that follows proposed plan of marketing.
od7. Commercialization: When the concept has been tested and developed, final
0decisions are required to move the product to its introduction into the market.
8. Launch: A detailed plan of launch is required for this step. This is the important
stage for success of a product
New Drug Development
So In present business atmosphere, it is more important to take smart decisions for
business. Innovative approaches and new products can put an organization on proper
pathway and to make a big success if appropriately analyzed and executed. Make it simpler
(Fig.2.1).0
Following parameters should keep in mind for a better decision:
Analyzing existing service and product portfolio frequently.
Knowing the position of functions of business, projects of departments and
initiatives.
Understanding the distribution of funds and assessing efficiency.
Having understanding of market for new opportunities and possible competition.
2.B PRODUCT BRANDING, PACKAGING AND LABELLING DECİSIONs
2.8.1 Branding
Branding has its existence from ancient era. According to Nilson (2000), the first example
of branding is found in the oil lamps' manufacture on the Greek islands thousands of years
back. Brand elements are name, sign, term, symbol, design or distinguishing characteristics.
Brand is not only a graphical design or a logo; it is the unique identity of the product.
By American Marketing Association, Brand can be defined as name, term, sign, symbol
or design, or a combination of them intended to identijy the goods and services of one seller or
group of sellers and to diferentiate them from those of other sellersa54
Branding is a process, where a company generates loyalty among consumers in the
market. Brands are designed with a motive to communicate customers the reason for the
existence of their product. Brand should have a strong connection with customers;