System Event Logs
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System event logs, application logs, and other log files chronicle system events and can help with timeline reconstruction. Windows event logs are stored in XML or binary format and contain details like event type, date/time, and process information. Other useful logs include Prefetch files, scheduled tasks, recycle bin contents, hibernation files, and application-specific logs. Thoroughly investigating log files is important for finding relevant details in an investigation.
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This document provides an overview of analyzing the Windows file system, NTFS metadata, and logs to investigate security incidents and recover deleted files. It discusses the Master File Table (MFT) structure, timestamps, alternate data streams, prefetch files, event logs, and scheduled tasks. The MFT stores file metadata including attributes, timestamps, and data runs. File deletion only marks the MFT entry inactive, allowing recovery of deleted file contents and metadata. Event and security logs can reveal lateral movement and suspicious processes. Prefetch files indicate program execution history. Scheduled tasks configure automated programs through .job files logged by Task Scheduler.
CNIT 152: 12b Windows Registry
For a college course at City College San Francisco.
Based on: "Incident Response & Computer Forensics, Third Edition" by by Jason Luttgens, Matthew Pepe, and Kevin Mandia, ASIN: B00JFG7152
More information at: https://samsclass.info/152/152_F19.shtml
CNIT 121: 14 Investigating Applications
Slides for a college course based on "Incident Response & Computer Forensics, Third Edition" by by Jason Luttgens, Matthew Pepe, and Kevin Mandia.
Teacher: Sam Bowne
Twitter: @sambowne
Website: https://samsclass.info/121/121_F16.shtml
CNIT 152: 12 Investigating Windows Systems (Part 2 of 3)
Slides for a college course based on "Incident Response & Computer Forensics, Third Edition" by by Jason Luttgens, Matthew Pepe, and Kevin Mandia, at City College San Francisco.
Website: https://samsclass.info/152/152_F18.shtml
NSC #2 - D3 05 - Alex Ionescu- Breaking Protected Processes
This document discusses new process protection mechanisms introduced in Windows 8.1 that extend the protected process model to key non-DRM system processes. It protects processes like LSA even from Administrators, and mitigates pass-the-hash attacks. Digital signatures and code signing add another boundary of protection beyond just load/don't load. Processes can now be designated as protected or protected light, assigned a protected signer like Windows or Antimalware, and have increased restrictions on access.
Concepts of Malicious Windows Programs
This document provides an overview of common Windows API functions and concepts that are frequently used by malware programs to execute code and interact with the operating system. It discusses functions related to files, the registry, networking, processes, threads, DLLs, and other Windows components. The document is intended to help malware analysts and security professionals understand how malware leverages normal Windows functionality to carry out malicious activities on infected systems.
OS Internals and Portable Executable File Format
Low level security weaknesses are based on the core knowledge and base knowledge of operating system. People ignore to learn low level basics that would show them how to find those issues. As a reverse engineer you must understand the internal working of operating system that you are targeting.
12 Investigating Windows Systems (Part 2 of 3)
The document discusses investigating Windows systems by analyzing the Windows Registry. It describes the purpose and structure of the Registry, including the main hive files and user-specific hives. It provides an overview of important Registry keys that can contain forensic artifacts, such as system configuration keys, network information keys, user and security information keys, and auto-run keys that can indicate malware persistence. Specific Registry keys and values are highlighted that are most useful for analyzing evidence on a compromised system, including ShellBags, UserAssist, MRU lists, and Internet Explorer TypedURLs and TypedPaths. Tools for Registry analysis like RegRipper, AutoRuns, and Nirsoft utilities are also mentioned.
Powering up on PowerShell - BSides Charleston - Nov 2018
This document provides an overview of PowerShell and discusses various techniques for using PowerShell, including: moving around the filesystem and accessing system components; hashing files; storing data in alternate locations like the registry, Active Directory, and event logs; creating custom event logs; enabling remote management (WinRM) and logging; port scanning; and achieving persistence through PowerShell profiles. The speaker is an experienced cybersecurity professional and PowerShell enthusiast who develops tools and teaches classes related to PowerShell.
Application Streaming is dead. A smart way to choose an alternative
Application streaming is dead according to the author. Application virtualization isolates applications from the operating system for improved security and compatibility. It virtualizes the file system, registry, and other system resources. Major application virtualization solutions include App-V from Microsoft, ThinApp from VMware, and CloudVolumes. Other options discussed are Symantec Workspace Streaming, Spoon, Jukebox, FSLogix, and Sandboxie. Windows also includes some virtualization capabilities with UAC and the Application Compatibility Toolkit.
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CNIT 121: 12 Investigating Windows Systems (Part 1 of 3)
CNIT 121: 12 Investigating Windows Systems (Part 1 of 3)
CNIT 121: 12 Investigating Windows Systems (Part 2 of 3)
CNIT 121: 12 Investigating Windows Systems (Part 2 of 3)
Powering up on PowerShell - BSides Greenville 2019
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CNIT 152 12 Investigating Windows Systems (Part 1 of 3)
CNIT 152 12 Investigating Windows Systems (Part 1 of 3)
CNIT 152: 12 Investigating Windows Systems (Part 2 of 3)
CNIT 152: 12 Investigating Windows Systems (Part 2 of 3)
NSC #2 - D3 05 - Alex Ionescu- Breaking Protected Processes
NSC #2 - D3 05 - Alex Ionescu- Breaking Protected Processes
Powering up on PowerShell - BSides Charleston - Nov 2018
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Application Streaming is dead. A smart way to choose an alternative
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Variable scope refers to the visibility and lifetime of variables. Local variables defined inside a function are only visible and accessible within that function. They are destroyed when the function exits. Global variables defined outside of functions can be accessed by any function, but it is generally better practice to pass variables between functions rather than using global variables. When updating a global variable within a function, the global keyword must be used to specify that the variable refers to the global one rather than creating a local one of the same name.
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Community Skills Building Workshop | PMI Silver Spring Chapter | June 12, 2024
Community Skills Building Workshop | PMI Silver Spring Chapter | June 12, 2024Hector Del Castillo, CPM, CPMM
We recently hosted the much-anticipated Community Skill Builders Workshop during our June online meeting. This event was a culmination of six months of listening to your feedback and crafting solutions to better support your PMI journey. Here’s a look back at what happened and the exciting developments that emerged from our collaborative efforts.
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Stay connected, stay engaged, and let’s continue to grow together!
About PMI Silver Spring Chapter
We are a branch of the Project Management Institute. We offer a platform for project management professionals in Silver Spring, MD, and the DC/Baltimore metro area. Monthly meetings facilitate networking, knowledge sharing, and professional development. For more, visit pmissc.org.美洲杯买球-美洲杯买球下注平台-美洲杯买球投注平台|【网址🎉ac55.net🎉】
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【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
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选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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【网址🎉ac44.net🎉】美洲杯投注是世界上最大的网上博彩公司之一，于直布罗陀注册，在200个国家拥有超过3500万客户。在国际上都可以称得上是极其优秀的博彩公司。总部位于英国Stoke-on-Trent，美洲杯投注在世界各地的雇员超过600名。该公司登录亚洲市场多年，近年针对亚洲的市场拓展的很快。它的特点是投注赔率富于变化，同时对于冷门赛事，赔率变化幅度会大于其它博彩公司。美洲杯投注在终赔阶段往往向立博、韦德等靠拢，一旦差异很大，往往会出现问题。
LinkedIn for Your Job Search June 17, 2024
This webinar helps you understand and navigate your way through LinkedIn. Topics covered include learning the many elements of your profile, populating your work experience history, and understanding why a profile is more than just a resume. You will be able to identify the different features available on LinkedIn and where to focus your attention. We will teach how to create a job search agent on LinkedIn and explore job applications on LinkedIn.
Gabrielle M. A. Sinaga Portfolio, Film Student (2024)
My portfolio as a highly motivated film student pursuing a career in Yogyakarta.
Learnings from Successful Jobs Searchers
Are you interested to know what actions help in a job search? This webinar is the summary of several individuals who discussed their job search journey for others to follow. You will learn there are common actions that helped them succeed in their quest for gainful employment.
一比一原版(surrey毕业证书)英国萨里大学毕业证成绩单修改如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《(surrey毕业证书)英国萨里大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
欧洲杯买球-欧洲杯买球买球推荐-欧洲杯买球买球推荐网站|【网址🎉ac10.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac10.net🎉】欧洲杯买球是一家极具特色的欧洲主流博彩公司，对于自己所擅长的赛事往往把赔率值压得很低，掩饰平局是他们一贯的手法。例如，当伟德旗帜鲜明地支持客胜，降低客胜值，提升主胜值，而平局赔率却与欧洲杯买球、欧洲杯买球的态度较吻合时，这场比赛往往以平局收场。
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【网址🎉ac99.net🎉】在欧洲杯投注，你会发现数之不尽的在线博彩机会，包括世界各地的精彩体育赛事以及绝佳的赔率。此外，欧洲杯投注还会为你提供诸如赌场、宾果和扑克等在线游戏以及各种各样的奖金优惠，包括欧洲杯投注的免费投注。无论你是忠实的足球迷，或者是二十一点的专业玩家，在这里都可以找到你最感兴趣的投注市场或游戏。
一比一原版(EUR毕业证)鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：95270640】【鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证EUR学位证成绩单】【微信：95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：95270640】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证毕业证offerEUR学位证【微信：95270640 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证EUR学位证毕业证offer【微信：95270640 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证毕业证offerEUR学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证毕业证offerEUR学位证【微信：95270640 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版布拉德福德大学毕业证（bradford毕业证）如何办理
一模一样【微信：A575476】【布拉德福德大学毕业证（bradford毕业证）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
欧洲杯足彩-欧洲杯足彩体育投注-欧洲杯足彩投注网站|【网址🎉ac99.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac99.net🎉】欧洲杯足彩是世界上历史最悠久的博彩公司之一。其历史可以追溯到十九世纪末，确切时间是1886年。这家英国公司拥有超过15000名员工，是博彩行业规模最大的公司。欧洲杯足彩是英国最受欢迎的实体博彩公司之一，其排名仅次于欧洲杯足彩，旗下2800家投注站遍布全英国。
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System Event Logs
- 2. OVERVIEW • Important in timeline reconstruction • Event logs and application logs chronicle what happened when • Not always in human readable format • IOC if missing or inconsistent
- 3. WINDOWS EVENT LOGS • Older versions in binary format • Proper name is just ‘Event Log’ • See evtparse.pl and evtrpt.pl from Carvey • Categorized by type • System • Security • Application
- 4. WINDOWS EVENT LOGS (CONT.) • Stored in %systemroot%system32config • 5 Types or levels • Error • Warning • Information • Success Audit • Failure Audit
- 5. WINDOWS EVENT LOGS (CONT.) • Starting with Vista/Server 2008 logs written in XML (EVTX format) • Additional properties added (i.e. Process ID, Thread ID, Processor ID, Session ID) • New Channels for Setup and ForwardedEvents • New Event Viewer for filtering & exporting
- 6. WINDOWS EVENT LOGS(CONT.) • Logs can be purged, rolled over, deleted • For worst case, recovery involved searching unallocated space • Old style windows binary entries are preceded with ‘LfLe’ magic number • Using Microsoft’s logparser to query • Use wevtutil to convert old to new
- 7. RECYCLE BIN • Can be disabled by volume • See registry key HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorer BitBucket • Files moved to the Recycle Bin are named in accordance with KB 136517 • Index file INFO2 keeps track of original name • To extract data from INFO2 see recbin.pl • Vista changed name format of deleted files
- 8. PREFETCH FILES • Performance feature of Windows • Available metadata for run count, when launched, associated DLLs • Parse directory with pref.pl • Also PFDump.exe
- 9. WINDOWS SCHEDULED TASKS • Created via GUI or via API • Also at.exe or schtasks.exe (can schedule remotely) • On <2003 tasks are in C:WindowsTasks • Stored in binary format • Win7 jobs are in WindowsSystem32Tasks in XML format • When collecting data in Live Response, use at.exe and schtasks.exe to see ALL jobs
- 10. JUMP LISTS • New to Win7 • Think ‘Recent Docs’ • System keeps track of recently used files by application • Stored in the user’s profile under AppDataRoamingMicrosoftWindowsRecentAutomaticDesti nations • Information is also stored in binary format • Documented by Microsoft
- 11. HIBERNATION FILES • Contain a memory dump of the running system • Volatility can be used to analyze data • Varied amount of valuable information can be stored. (i.e. keys for encrypted volumes)
- 12. APPLICATION LOGS • Numerous installed applications maintain their own logs • AV Logs, Skype, Apple software, • Usefulness depends on the goal of the investigation • AV Logs • Skype – view main.db with Skype Log View • Apple software – may produce backup images of devices • Image METAdata in EXIF format
- 13. SUMMARY • Information useful to a case can be found in may locations • Pick the right log or logs for the job • The list of applications is certainly not exhaustive • New applications will have new logs