The system approach originated during World War II and has since been applied to various fields including education and instructional systems. A system can be defined as a dynamic, complex, integrated whole consisting of interrelated and interdependent elements organized to achieve predetermined objectives. The system approach involves analyzing elements, designing solutions, and evaluating outcomes to understand and improve upon a system in a structured manner. When applied to education, it aims to enhance efficiency, utilization of resources, planning, and quality of education overall.

1. System Approach
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

2. • Concept originated during the world war II
• Gradually it was applied to in the areas of industry
and management
• Lately it has been in the field of Education
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

3. Meaning of System
• Wholeness, interrelationships between parts or
elements and self regulatin
• R.L.Ackoff 1971: A system is the set of interrelated
and interdependent elements
• A.K.Jalaluddin: 1981: A system may be defined as a
dynamic, complex, integrated whole consisting of a
self regulating pattern of interrelated and
interdependent elements organised to achieve the
predetermined and specified objectives
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

4. Types of system
• Man made
• Natural
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

5. Parameters of system
• Input
• Process
• Output
• Environment context
• Ex: cycle factory
• Industry
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

6. System Approach
• Technique based on the systems concepts and basic
parameters of understanding
• System approach tries to control the situations/
parameters
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

7. Steps
• 1: System Analysis
– Identifying elements, their organization, functions
or performance or as a whole in order to
determine the need to make adjustment to ensure
the achievement of system, namely input, process,
output and environmental constraints
• 2: System Design and Development
• 3: Systems operation and evaluation
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

8. • 2: System Design and Development
– Determination of objectives
– Selection of appropriate devices, methods,
strategies and approaches
– Formulating a comprehensive scheme of
comprehensive programmes for working of the
system in relation to its parameters and objectives
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

9. • 3: Systems operation and evaluation
– Manipulating the elements or inputs of the system
– Pulling the functions of elements or inputs
– Controlling the process and interaction among the
elements of the system
– Manipulating the environmental constrains of the
system
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

10. Education System
• Input:
– Pupils
– Administrators
– Teachers
– Material
• Process: Formal or informal education process
• Output: Attainment of Educational Objectives
• Environment: Surrounding factors affecting system
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

11. System approach to Education
• Effectively improve the educational system
• Bring efficiency in school administration and
management
• Help in seeking the maximum effective utilization of
the human and physical recourses
• A systematic Educational Planning can be done
• Help in improving examination and evaluation system
• Improvement in organization of co-curricular
activities and other educational aspects
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

12. Continue
• Help in maintaining, controlling and improving the
guidance services of the schools
• It may prove an invaluable means for designing,
controlling and improving the systems of non-
informal and adult education
• Over and above, it may render valuable services in
improving the quality of education in all its aspects
and dimension.
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

13. Steps involve in system approach to education
• Identification of the problem
• Specification of objectives
• Analysis of the task involved in achieving the
objectives
• Systems analysis- analysis of inputs and constrains of
the system in the context of the stipulated objectives
• System design and development: by generating
alternative strategies ( change in input, process or
constraints)
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

14. • Identification of preferred solution
• Operation and implementation of preferred solution
• Evaluation of the effectiveness of the performance
in terms of the specific objectives
• Providing feedback in light of evaluation for bringing
necessary improvement and modification
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

15. Instructional System
• Input
– Teacher
– Students
– Curriculum
– Text books/ reference books
– content
• Process: Instructional Methods, strategies and
approaches
• Output: Attainment of instructional objectives
• Environment
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

16. System approach to the instructional system
• It help in understanding, controlling and improving
the structure and functioning of the system in view
of the effective realization of the instructional
objectives
• Help in providing the best possible solution to the
problems related to the planning, process and
products of instruction
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

17. Steps / Phases :
• According to Robb 1973: Planning, execution and
evaluation
• According to Jalaluddin 1981: Six steps as mentioned
below
– Formulation of Objectives
– Pre assessment of student entering behaviour
– Designing and development of the system
– Implementation phase
– Evaluation of the outcomes
– Improvement of the system
Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar

18. Dr.Viral Bharatbhai Jadav
Associate Professor, IITE, Gandhinagar