Syntax: the study of the structure of phrases and sentences.E.g.: The student studies English in Amman Arab University.*It is a sentence

1. Supervised by Dr. Khaleel Al
Bataineh
Student: Muna Emad Al Masri
English Language and Translation

2. Syntax: the study of the
structure of phrases and
sentences.
E.g.: The student studies English
in Amman Arab University.
*It is a sentence

3. What is the difference between
sentence and phrase?

4. There is a hierarchy in the English
language of enthusiasm levels

5. Sentences: in the largest structure unit
in the grammatical organization of a
language.
*It must have a subject and predicate.
Phrases: is a group of words that forms
a constituent and is part of a clause.
*In linguistics, “phrase” has a precise
meaning.
*It is the expansion of a head.

6. Example:
The man went down the hill.
*It is a sentence.
.* The man: is a noun phrase
*Went: is a verb phrase.
Down the hill: is a preposition
phrase.

7. For you to say such things
* This is not a sentence because
it does not have a subject.
* It is a noun phrase.

8. Complement:
It is a word or more that
describes the verb and without
it the meaning is complete.
E.g.: I go to university every
day.

9. Arguments: are the
participants (entities) that
are necessarily involved in
the situation identified by
the predicate.

10. * Nominative case:
Subjects Typically occur in the
nominative case( I, he, she).
____________________________
*Accusative case:
Objects occur in the accusative case
( me, her, him).

11. Syntactic categories: terms such as
NOUN PHRASE, VERB PHRASE,
ADJECTIVE PHRASE, ADVERB
PHRASE, PREPOSITION PHRASE,
NOUN, VERB, ADJECTIVE,
ADVERB, PREPOSITION.

12. A noun phrase: refers to a phrase
that is built upon a noun which
functions as the headword of the
phrase.
Example:
The smart girl bought a book from a
tall man.
(NOUN PHRASE)

13. A verb phrase: refers to a phrase that
is composed of at least one verb and
its dependents in which the verb
functions as the headword of the
phrase.
Example:
The boy has been playing and he found
a doll.
(VERB PHRASE)

14. An adjective phrase: refers to a
phrase that modifies a noun .It is
built upon an adjective which
functions as the headword of the
phrase.
Example:
She is extremely happy today and
much happier than before.
(ADJECTIVE PHRASE)

15. An adverb phrase: refers to a phrase
that often tells us when, where, why
and how an event occurred, in which
the adverb functions as the
headword of the phrase.
Example:
Ali spoke English very quickly in the
party last year.
ADVERB PHRASE) )

16. A prepositional phrase: refers to a
phrase that begins with a
preposition, in which the preposition
functions as the headword of the
phrase.
Example:
The man in the black coat arrived by
plane last night.
(PREPOSITION PHRASE)

17. Representation

18. The constituent structure of sentences
can be represented in essentially two
ways.
Tree
diagrams Bracketings

19. We prefer tree diagrams
because they help visualize
structure better than
bracketings do.

20. *Nodes: the nodes in a tree diagram
are the topmost point, the bottom
points, and all those intermediate
points at which the tree branches.
*Labels: are the abbreviated names of
the categories to which the
constituents belong, such as S
(sentence) Pron (preposition) D
(Determiner) etc.

21. Basic Phrase Structure Rules

22. *A node in a tree contain all the
nodes below it that are linked to it
by a line.
*Immediate domination: it is
to contain the node on the lower
node without the intervention of the
middle node.

23. THANK
YOU