In this paper we study the problem of mining support counts using symmetric-key crypto which is more
efficient than previous work. Consider a scenario that each user has an option (like or unlike) of the
specified product, and a third party wants to obtain the popularity of this product. We design a much more
efficient privacy-preserving scheme for users to prevent the loss of the personal interests. Unlike most
previous works, we do not use any exponential or modular algorithms, but we provide a symmetric-key
based method which can also protect the information. Specifically, our protocol uses a third party that
generates a number of matrixes as each user’s key. Then user uses these key to encrypt their data which is
more efficient to obtain the support counts of a given pattern.
Encryption is a technique that transforms a code from an understandable into an incomprehensible code. Many methods can be applied to an encryption process. One such method is RSA. RSA works by appointing on byte values. The value is obtained from character conversion to ASCII code. This algorithm is based on the multiplication of two relatively large primes. Applications of the RSA algorithm can be used in data security. This research provides RSA algorithm application on data security system that can guarantee data confidentiality. RSA algorithm is known as a very secure algorithm. This algorithm works with the number of bits in the search for prime numbers. The larger the bits, the less chance of ciphertext can be solved. The weakness of this method is the amount of ciphertext capacity will be floating in line with the number of prime numbers used. Also, to perform the process of encryption and decryption, RSA requires a relatively long time than other algorithms. The advantage of RSA is that complicated ciphertext is solved into plaintext.
Comparison of Secret Splitting, Secret Sharing and Recursive Threshold Visual...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The secret sharing is a method to protect confidentiality and integrity of the secret messages by distributing the message shares into several recipients. The secret message could not be revealed unless the recipients exchange and collect shares to reconstruct the actual message. Even though the attacker obtain shares shadow during the share exchange, it would be impossible for the attacker to understand the correct share. There are few algorithms have been developed for secret sharing, e.g. secret splitting, Asmuth-Bloom secret sharing protocol, visual cryptography, etc. There is an unanswered question in this research about which method provides best level of security and efficiency in securing message. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of three methods, i.e. secret splitting, secret sharing, and recursive threshold visual cryptography for handwritten image security in terms of execution time and mean squared error (MSE) simulation. Simulation results show the secret splitting algorithm produces the shortest time of execution. On the other hand, the MSE simulation result that the three methods can reconstruct the original image very well.
Review on key predistribution schemes in wireless sensor networksijassn
A wireless sensor network consist distributed sensors which are used to monitor physical or environmental
conditions like temperature, sound, pressure and so on. Wireless sensor network are used in future in many
applications like military, investigation teams, researches and so on. Security is the main issue in wireless
sensor network. Sensor network arrange several types of data packets, packets of routing protocols and
packets of key management protocols. Key management is the most effective method for providing better
security against several types of attacks. This paper discusses the various key pre-distribution approaches
along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Secure E-voting System by Utilizing Homomorphic Properties of the Encryption ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The use of cryptography in the e-voting system to secure data is a must to ensure the authenticity
of the data. In contrast to common encryption algorithms, homomorphic encryption algorithms had unique
properties that can perform mathematical operations against ciphertext. This paper proposed the use of
the Paillier and Okamoto-Uchiyama algorithms as two homomorphic encryption algorithms that have the
additional properties so that it can calculate the results of voting data that has been encrypted without
having to be decrypted first. The main purpose is to avoid manipulation and data falsification during vote
tallying process by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm.
Encryption is a technique that transforms a code from an understandable into an incomprehensible code. Many methods can be applied to an encryption process. One such method is RSA. RSA works by appointing on byte values. The value is obtained from character conversion to ASCII code. This algorithm is based on the multiplication of two relatively large primes. Applications of the RSA algorithm can be used in data security. This research provides RSA algorithm application on data security system that can guarantee data confidentiality. RSA algorithm is known as a very secure algorithm. This algorithm works with the number of bits in the search for prime numbers. The larger the bits, the less chance of ciphertext can be solved. The weakness of this method is the amount of ciphertext capacity will be floating in line with the number of prime numbers used. Also, to perform the process of encryption and decryption, RSA requires a relatively long time than other algorithms. The advantage of RSA is that complicated ciphertext is solved into plaintext.
Comparison of Secret Splitting, Secret Sharing and Recursive Threshold Visual...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The secret sharing is a method to protect confidentiality and integrity of the secret messages by distributing the message shares into several recipients. The secret message could not be revealed unless the recipients exchange and collect shares to reconstruct the actual message. Even though the attacker obtain shares shadow during the share exchange, it would be impossible for the attacker to understand the correct share. There are few algorithms have been developed for secret sharing, e.g. secret splitting, Asmuth-Bloom secret sharing protocol, visual cryptography, etc. There is an unanswered question in this research about which method provides best level of security and efficiency in securing message. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of three methods, i.e. secret splitting, secret sharing, and recursive threshold visual cryptography for handwritten image security in terms of execution time and mean squared error (MSE) simulation. Simulation results show the secret splitting algorithm produces the shortest time of execution. On the other hand, the MSE simulation result that the three methods can reconstruct the original image very well.
Review on key predistribution schemes in wireless sensor networksijassn
A wireless sensor network consist distributed sensors which are used to monitor physical or environmental
conditions like temperature, sound, pressure and so on. Wireless sensor network are used in future in many
applications like military, investigation teams, researches and so on. Security is the main issue in wireless
sensor network. Sensor network arrange several types of data packets, packets of routing protocols and
packets of key management protocols. Key management is the most effective method for providing better
security against several types of attacks. This paper discusses the various key pre-distribution approaches
along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Secure E-voting System by Utilizing Homomorphic Properties of the Encryption ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The use of cryptography in the e-voting system to secure data is a must to ensure the authenticity
of the data. In contrast to common encryption algorithms, homomorphic encryption algorithms had unique
properties that can perform mathematical operations against ciphertext. This paper proposed the use of
the Paillier and Okamoto-Uchiyama algorithms as two homomorphic encryption algorithms that have the
additional properties so that it can calculate the results of voting data that has been encrypted without
having to be decrypted first. The main purpose is to avoid manipulation and data falsification during vote
tallying process by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm.
An Approach on Data Security with the Combination of Symmetric and Asymmetric...AnirbanBhowmik8
Data security is an important issue in modern era. In this paper, we use both symmetric and asymmetric key for encryption and decryption for data security. In our technique, two phases are used. In the 1st phase symmetric key encryption is used and in 2nd phase asymmetric key encryption like RSA is used.
Security analysis of fbdk block cipher for digital imageseSAT Journals
Abstract Network security is one of the major concerns in the modern world. In this regard, a strong security technique is required to protect user data. Cryptography techniques plays an important role in secured transmission through encryption of data and thus ensuring integrity, authenticity, confidentiality of information. Several encryption algorithms have been proposed like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), DES (Data Encryption Standard) and RSA. These provide very good encryption for text applications. However, these encryption schemes appear not to be ideal for image applications. Some algorithms like GKSBC and RC6 provide very good encryption for digital images. New techniques are emerging that are aimed at providing secured transmission of images over networks. The FBDK (Fixed Block with Dynamic Key Size) block cipher is a new cryptography technique designed using simple operations like XOR, substitutions, circular shifting. The FBDK algorithm is applicable for blocks of any size with key size being dynamic for each block. It does not involve any complex mathematical operations like modular exponentiation. It is a hybrid cryptography technique based on symmetric key and asymmetric key cryptosystems. This paper investigates the security of FBDK block cipher for digital images against brute-force attack, statistical analysis and Differential analysis attacks. In this paper, various security analysis tests has been discussed which are helpful in finding out whether the FBDK encryption algorithm can do secure encryption or not. Experimental results proves the security and efficiency of FBDK cipher for images against all aforementioned types of attacks which justifies its consideration for real time image applications. Keywords: Cryptography, Ciphers, Encryption, Security, and cryptanalysis.
Cryptography is a process used for sending information in secret way. Goal of this process is to provide protection for information but in different way. In this paper our motive to represent a new method for protection that is generated by combination of RSA and 2 bit rotation mechanism of cryptography. There are many algorithms exist for this process. For cryptography there are algorithms like RSA, IDEA, AES, and DES but here we are using only one algorithm from these that is RSA which is enough to implement combined process using 2 bit rotation. The encrypted image is used as input for network for further implementation.RSA encrypt image with 1 bit rotation. In 1 bit rotation only 1 bit is shifted and at decrypt side shifted bit are reversed. But to make it more secure we are going to perform 2 bit rotation due to which it is more secure as compared to existing algorithm. After applying the 2 bit rotation we perform the permutation of that image that will give us encrypted image. Shivam Kumar | Dr. Ganesh D "Image Cryptography using RSA Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42408.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/computer-security/42408/image-cryptography-using-rsa-algorithm/shivam-kumar
ENHANCED SECURE ALGORITHM FOR MESSAGE COMMUNICATIONIJNSA Journal
This paper puts forward a safe mechanism of data transmission to tackle the security problem of information which is transmitted in Internet. The encryption standards such as DES (Data Encryption Standard), AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and EES (Escrowed Encryption Standard) are widely used to solve the problem of communication over an insecure channel. With advanced technologies in computer hardware and software, these standards seem not to be as secure and fast as one would like. In
this paper we propose a encryption technique which provides security to both the message and the secret key achieving confidentiality and authentication. The Symmetric algorithm used has two advantages over traditional schemes. First, the encryption and decryption procedures are much simpler, and consequently, much faster. Second, the security level is higher due to the inherent poly-alphabetic nature of the substitution mapping method used here, together with the translation and transposition operations performed in the algorithm. Asymmetric algorithm RSA is worldwide known for its high security. In this paper a detailed report of the process is presented and analysis is done comparing our proposed technique with familiar techniques
New approach in symmetric block cipher security using a new cubical techniqueijcsit
Cryptography is a security technique that must be applied in both communication sides to protect the data during its transmission through the network from all kinds of attack. On the sender side, the original data will be changed into different symbols or shapes by using a known key; this is
called encryption. On the other communication side, the decryption process will be done and the data will be returned to its former shape by using the agreed key. The importance of cryptography is to fulfil the communication security requirements. Real time applications (RTA) are vulnerable for the moment because of their big size. However, some of the current algorithms are not really
appropriate for use with these kinds of information. In this paper, a novel symmetric block cipher cryptography algorithm has been illustrated and discussed. The system uses an 8x8x8 cube, and each cell contains a pair of binary inputs. The cube can provide a huge number of combinations that can produce a very strong algorithm and a long key size. Due to the lightweight and fast technique used in this idea, it is expected to be extremely rapid compared to the majority of current algorithms, such as DES and AES.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An Approach on Data Security with the Combination of Symmetric and Asymmetric...AnirbanBhowmik8
Data security is an important issue in modern era. In this paper, we use both symmetric and asymmetric key for encryption and decryption for data security. In our technique, two phases are used. In the 1st phase symmetric key encryption is used and in 2nd phase asymmetric key encryption like RSA is used.
Security analysis of fbdk block cipher for digital imageseSAT Journals
Abstract Network security is one of the major concerns in the modern world. In this regard, a strong security technique is required to protect user data. Cryptography techniques plays an important role in secured transmission through encryption of data and thus ensuring integrity, authenticity, confidentiality of information. Several encryption algorithms have been proposed like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), DES (Data Encryption Standard) and RSA. These provide very good encryption for text applications. However, these encryption schemes appear not to be ideal for image applications. Some algorithms like GKSBC and RC6 provide very good encryption for digital images. New techniques are emerging that are aimed at providing secured transmission of images over networks. The FBDK (Fixed Block with Dynamic Key Size) block cipher is a new cryptography technique designed using simple operations like XOR, substitutions, circular shifting. The FBDK algorithm is applicable for blocks of any size with key size being dynamic for each block. It does not involve any complex mathematical operations like modular exponentiation. It is a hybrid cryptography technique based on symmetric key and asymmetric key cryptosystems. This paper investigates the security of FBDK block cipher for digital images against brute-force attack, statistical analysis and Differential analysis attacks. In this paper, various security analysis tests has been discussed which are helpful in finding out whether the FBDK encryption algorithm can do secure encryption or not. Experimental results proves the security and efficiency of FBDK cipher for images against all aforementioned types of attacks which justifies its consideration for real time image applications. Keywords: Cryptography, Ciphers, Encryption, Security, and cryptanalysis.
Cryptography is a process used for sending information in secret way. Goal of this process is to provide protection for information but in different way. In this paper our motive to represent a new method for protection that is generated by combination of RSA and 2 bit rotation mechanism of cryptography. There are many algorithms exist for this process. For cryptography there are algorithms like RSA, IDEA, AES, and DES but here we are using only one algorithm from these that is RSA which is enough to implement combined process using 2 bit rotation. The encrypted image is used as input for network for further implementation.RSA encrypt image with 1 bit rotation. In 1 bit rotation only 1 bit is shifted and at decrypt side shifted bit are reversed. But to make it more secure we are going to perform 2 bit rotation due to which it is more secure as compared to existing algorithm. After applying the 2 bit rotation we perform the permutation of that image that will give us encrypted image. Shivam Kumar | Dr. Ganesh D "Image Cryptography using RSA Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42408.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/computer-security/42408/image-cryptography-using-rsa-algorithm/shivam-kumar
ENHANCED SECURE ALGORITHM FOR MESSAGE COMMUNICATIONIJNSA Journal
This paper puts forward a safe mechanism of data transmission to tackle the security problem of information which is transmitted in Internet. The encryption standards such as DES (Data Encryption Standard), AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and EES (Escrowed Encryption Standard) are widely used to solve the problem of communication over an insecure channel. With advanced technologies in computer hardware and software, these standards seem not to be as secure and fast as one would like. In
this paper we propose a encryption technique which provides security to both the message and the secret key achieving confidentiality and authentication. The Symmetric algorithm used has two advantages over traditional schemes. First, the encryption and decryption procedures are much simpler, and consequently, much faster. Second, the security level is higher due to the inherent poly-alphabetic nature of the substitution mapping method used here, together with the translation and transposition operations performed in the algorithm. Asymmetric algorithm RSA is worldwide known for its high security. In this paper a detailed report of the process is presented and analysis is done comparing our proposed technique with familiar techniques
New approach in symmetric block cipher security using a new cubical techniqueijcsit
Cryptography is a security technique that must be applied in both communication sides to protect the data during its transmission through the network from all kinds of attack. On the sender side, the original data will be changed into different symbols or shapes by using a known key; this is
called encryption. On the other communication side, the decryption process will be done and the data will be returned to its former shape by using the agreed key. The importance of cryptography is to fulfil the communication security requirements. Real time applications (RTA) are vulnerable for the moment because of their big size. However, some of the current algorithms are not really
appropriate for use with these kinds of information. In this paper, a novel symmetric block cipher cryptography algorithm has been illustrated and discussed. The system uses an 8x8x8 cube, and each cell contains a pair of binary inputs. The cube can provide a huge number of combinations that can produce a very strong algorithm and a long key size. Due to the lightweight and fast technique used in this idea, it is expected to be extremely rapid compared to the majority of current algorithms, such as DES and AES.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This presentation explores relevant issues according to these challenging economic times, and explores questions and answers to contemporary issues to do with energy, water, pollution, oil and food.
The presentation asks several questions of the audience, in an effort to inspire some thinking about our near future and more distant future in relation to sustainability an prosperity in the next few years.
I also introduce MakeNET and the vision of the company, including some of my work and my person goals fro MakeNET.
Enjoy :)
SYMMETRIC-KEY BASED PRIVACYPRESERVING SCHEME FOR MINING SUPPORT COUNTSacijjournal
In this paper we study the problem of mining support counts using symmetric-key crypto which is more
efficient than previous work. Consider a scenario that each user has an option (like or unlike) of the
specified product, and a third party wants to obtain the popularity of this product. We design a much more
efficient privacy-preserving scheme for users to prevent the loss of the personal interests. Unlike most
previous works, we do not use any exponential or modular algorithms, but we provide a symmetric-key
based method which can also protect the information. Specifically, our protocol uses a third party that
generates a number of matrixes as each user’s key. Then user uses these key to encrypt their data which is
more efficient to obtain the support counts of a given pattern.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Different date block size using to evaluate the performance between different...IJCNCJournal
The different computer networks whether wired or wireless are becoming more popular with its high
security aspect. Different security algorithms and technique are using to avoid any aforementioned attacks.
One of these technique is a cryptography technique that makes the data as unreadable during the transfer
hence; there is no chance to reclaim the information. Presently, most of the users are using various media
types and internet to transfer the data but, it has the chance to retrieve the data by using these media types.
The perfect solution for this problem is to provide security on time-to-time basis; this stage is always
significant to the security related community discussions. This paper explains the comparison between the
run time of three different encryption algorithms which are DES, AES and Blowfish The compression
includes using different modes, data block size and different operation modes. As a result, Blowfish
algorithm followed by AES take less time for running compared to DES.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Data security for any organization by using public key infrastructure compone...eSAT Journals
Abstract In Digital world all type of information are moved around the whole world in the digital form. Securities of these digital data are very necessary from the intruder, enemies, and unauthorized individuals for any government and non-government organizations. Security is the protection against danger, criminals and loss. There are many features to security and many applications, ranging from secure commerce and payments to private communications and protecting passwords. Cryptography is one essential feature for secure communications. There are two techniques are used in cryptography one is secret key cryptography and another is public key cryptography. A PKI does not a particular business function; it is providing a foundation for other security services. The primary function of a PKI is to allow the distribution and use of public keys and certificates with security and integrity. The components of public key infrastructure are certification authority (CA), certificate revocation, registration authority (RA) and digital certificate. PKI contain complete information and identifications of there sender and receiver for authentication. In the basis of these identities PKI provide certificates and authentication for secure communication. In this paper study different components of PKI and there uses for secure any type of data. This paper presents the performance of a secure application for private organizations that offers services to both owner and other members of the same organization. The primary focus of this paper is better implementation of PKI with the help of there algorithms. Index Terms: Security, Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, Public key, Private key, Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), Digital Certificate, Certification Authority (CA), Revocation, Registration Authority (RA).
Data security for any organization by using public key infrastructure compone...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Asymmetric encryption, also known as public-key cryptography, is a cryptographic system that uses a pair of keys for secure communication. Unlike symmetric encryption, where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption, asymmetric encryption employs two distinct keys: a public key and a private key.
Public Key:
The public key is widely shared and can be freely distributed. It is used to encrypt data or messages that are intended for the owner of the corresponding private key.
Public keys are typically used for encryption and verifying digital signatures.
Private Key:
The private key is kept secret and is known only to the key owner. It is used for decrypting messages that were encrypted with the corresponding public key.
Private keys are used for decryption and creating digital signatures.
How It Works:
If Alice wants to send a secure message to Bob, she uses Bob's public key to encrypt the message. Once encrypted, only Bob, with his private key, can decrypt and access the original message.
Digital signatures work in the opposite way. If Bob wants to sign a message to prove it comes from him, he uses his private key to create a unique digital signature. Others can verify the signature using Bob's public key, ensuring the message's authenticity and integrity.
Security:
Asymmetric encryption provides a higher level of security compared to symmetric encryption because compromising one key (either the public or private key) does not compromise the other.
The security of asymmetric encryption relies on the difficulty of certain mathematical problems, such as factoring large numbers, making it computationally infeasible to derive the private key from the public key.
Common Algorithms:
RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) and ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) are among the most widely used asymmetric encryption algorithms.
Applications:
Asymmetric encryption is used in various applications, including secure communication over the internet, digital signatures for authentication, and the establishment of secure channels in protocols like SSL/TLS.
In summary, asymmetric encryption is a crucial component of modern cryptographic systems, providing a secure means of communication and data protection in a digital world.
A New Method for Encrypting Digital Data Using Symmetric Key in Information E...Editor IJCATR
with the arrival of the information age and much more important information systems and communication in human
everyday life, necessity immunization information and communication strategy were also raised. The easiest way to meet this
necessity is conventional encryption algorithms. Encryption is a right tool for data protection in an unsecure channel. To this end, from
two-method symmetric key encryption and public-key cryptography are used. In this paper we examine text cryptography, one of the
most important topics in cryptography. A unique attribute of this kind of encryption has been of interest to many researchers in this
field. This paper, considering the symmetric encryption algorithm, provides a text encryption algorithm using a 128-bit key. The
proposed algorithm uses a 128-bit key, the text data using the XOR operator to convert the encrypted information. Therefore, the aim
of this method is to provide a convenient method for symmetrically encrypting data not to be easily decoded, and finally, the results of
the tests show that the proposed method is better in terms of security and speed of execution
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
UNIT - 2
SYMMETRIC CIPHERS: Symmetric Cipher Model, Substitution Techniques,
Transposition Techniques, Simplified DES, Data encryption standard (DES), The strength of
DES, Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis, Block Cipher Design Principles and Modes of
Operation, Evaluation Criteria for Advanced Encryption Standard, The AES Cipher.
Similar to Symmetric-Key Based Privacy-Preserving Scheme For Mining Support Counts (20)
Advanced Computing: An International Journal (ACIJ) is a peer-reviewed, open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the advanced computing. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of high performance computing, green computing, pervasive computing, cloud computing etc. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and a practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in computing and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of computing.
Call for Papers - Advanced Computing An International Journal (ACIJ) (2).pdfacijjournal
Submit your Research Papers!!!
Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ )
ISSN: 2229 -6727 [Online] ; 2229 - 726X [Print]
Webpage URL: http://airccse.org/journal/acij/acij.html
Submission URL: http://coneco2009.com/submissions/imagination/home.html
Submission Deadline : April 08, 2023
Here's where you can reach us : acijjournal@yahoo.com or acij@aircconline
Advanced Computing: An International Journal (ACIJ
)
is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the advancedcomputing. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of high performancecomputing, green computing, pervasive computing, cloud computing etc. The goal of this journalis to bring together researchers anda practitioners from academia and industry to focus onunderstanding advances in computing and establishing new collaborations in these areas
Submit your Research Papers!!!
Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ )
ISSN: 2229 -6727 [Online] ; 2229 - 726X [Print]
Webpage URL: http://airccse.org/journal/acij/acij.html
Submission URL: http://coneco2009.com/submissions/imagination/home.html
Here's where you can reach us : acijjournal@yahoo.com or acij@aircconline.com
7thInternational Conference on Data Mining & Knowledge Management (DaKM 2022)acijjournal
7thInternational Conference on Data Mining & Knowledge Management (DaKM 2022)provides a forum for researchers who address this issue and to present their work in a peer-reviewed forum.
7thInternational Conference on Data Mining & Knowledge Management (DaKM 2022)acijjournal
7thInternational Conference on Data Mining & Knowledge Management (DaKM 2022)provides a forum for researchers who address this issue and to present their work in a peer-reviewed forum.
7thInternational Conference on Data Mining & Knowledge Management (DaKM 2022)acijjournal
7thInternational Conference on Data Mining & Knowledge Management (DaKM 2022)provides a forum for researchers who address this issue and to present their work in a peer-reviewed forum.
4thInternational Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2022)acijjournal
4thInternational Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2022)will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
7thInternational Conference on Data Mining & Knowledge Management (DaKM 2022)acijjournal
7thInternational Conference on Data Mining & Knowledge Management (DaKM 2022)provides a forum for researchers who address this issue and to present their work in a peer-reviewed forum.Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to these topics only.
3rdInternational Conference on Natural Language Processingand Applications (N...acijjournal
3rdInternational Conference on Natural Language Processing and Applications (NLPA 2022)will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Natural Language Computing and its applications. The Conference looks for significant contributions to all major fieldsof the Natural Language processing in theoretical and practical aspects.
4thInternational Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2022)acijjournal
4thInternational Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2022)will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
Graduate School Cyber Portfolio: The Innovative Menu For Sustainable Developmentacijjournal
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Symmetric-Key Based Privacy-Preserving Scheme For Mining Support Counts
1. Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.4, No.2, March 2013
SYMMETRIC-KEY BASED PRIVACY-
PRESERVING SCHEME FOR MINING
SUPPORT COUNTS
Yu Li1 and Sheng Zhong
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
yli32@buffalo.edu
ABSTRACT
In this paper we study the problem of mining support counts using symmetric-key crypto which is more
efficient than previous work. Consider a scenario that each user has an option (like or unlike) of the
specified product, and a third party wants to obtain the popularity of this product. We design a much more
efficient privacy-preserving scheme for users to prevent the loss of the personal interests. Unlike most
previous works, we do not use any exponential or modular algorithms, but we provide a symmetric-key
based method which can also protect the information. Specifically, our protocol uses a third party that
generates a number of matrixes as each user’s key. Then user uses these key to encrypt their data which is
more efficient to obtain the support counts of a given pattern.
KEYWORDS
Privacy-Preserving, Symmetric-key encryption, Support Counts
1. INTRODUCTION
With the rapid development of information technology, personal data should be protected in order
to respect the people's private information and prevent the inappropriate usage. Most Internet
users will be asked to provide an opinion that whether they support some pattern or not, then a
data miner can count the number of this support. However, some websites collect, store and share
these personal private data in order to benefit themselves despite users' desire. Privacy-preserving
data mining has received a lot of attention in the past few years. This kind problem can be mainly
divided into two categories: (a) the data is divided among more than one different party and the
privacy preserving method needs to protect each party's private data; (b) the data is to be
published for research, but due to its sensitivity the data should be modified [1].
A lot of typical privacy-preserving data mining problems include the scenario that mentioned
above belongs to the first category. This kind of privacy-preserving data mining problem is called
secure multiparty computation [1]. That means different party wants to jointly compute the
correct result without revealing any private data. The most common way to provide privacy-
preserving method is using cryptographic technology. Huge amounts of research have been
investigated in this field after [2] provided an elegant privacy preserving data mining method
using cryptographic tools.
DOI : 10.5121/acij.2013.4201 1
2. Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.4, No.2, March 2013
In this paper, we propose a symmetric-key crypto based privacy-preserving scheme for mining
support counts using symmetric-key encryption. Our scheme is more efficient than previous work
[3]. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section II describes the related work. We
introduce in symmetric-key cryptosystem and block cipher in Section III. In Section IV, we
describe our symmetric-key based privacy preserving support counts protocol and analyse our
correctness of our protocol. Section V gives the discussion of work. Last, Section VI gives the
conclusion of this paper.
2. RELATED WORK
Providing privacy-preserving for Internet data is a longstanding goal of the computer research
community. It is has received considerable attention with the development of data mining and
network technology. Cryptograph based privacy-preserving method can provide a better
guarantee of the privacy when different institute want to cooperate in a common goal. In [4], Lea
Kissner and Dawn Song propose efficient techniques for privacy-preserving operations on
multisets using cryptosystem. In [5], the authors proposed a security protocol for the IVC
applications based on group signature and ID-based signature schemes. In [3] the authors propose
an identity-based protocol for support count that preserves privacy using public key cryptosystem.
Different from the above reported schemes, we propose a symmetric-key based privacy-
preserving protocol, which cannot only guarantee the requirements of security and privacy but
can also provide a very good efficiency. Furthermore, the protocol and infrastructure are easy to
be implemented. Thus, the proposed protocol can practically be launched for enabling the
application of Internet website.
3. TECHNICAL PRELIMINARIES
In this section, we give a brief review of symmetric-key cryptosystem and block cipher that used
in our privacy-preserving scheme for mining support counts.
3.1. Symmetric-key Cryptosystem
A cryptosystem [6] can be defined as a tuple . The denotations are shown in
table 1. The cryptosystem must be efficient and must be sufficiently random so that it is hard to
guess. The encryption and decryption process must be efficient. We
must have . We have a symmetric-key cryptosystem when encryption key is
same with decryption key which means .Without the decryption key, there is no efficient
algorithm that can decrypt ciphertexts. There are two requirements for a symmetric cryptosystem.
The first one is that it is impractical to get a plaintext only known the ciphertext and encryption
scheme. Another one is that all users must obtain the key in a safe way and keep their keys
secure.
Table 1. Denotations of Cryptosystem
Summary of Denotations
M: cleartext space
C: ciphertext space
K: key space
G: key generating algorithm
E: encryption algorithm
D: decryption algorithm
G: generate a pair of encryption/decryption keys for a given length
2
3. Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.4, No.2, March 2013
3.2. Blockcipher
A block cipher [7] is a function . There are two inputs in this
algorithm. The first input is the key whose length is . The second input is the plaintext whose
length is , and the output is the ciphertext whose length is same as the length of plaintext. The
length of the key and the length of the block are parameters associated to the blockcipher.
When using block cipher, a random key is assigned and kept secret between users. The function
is then used by a user to process data before she sends it to other user. Typically, we will
assume the adversary will be able to obtain some input-output examples for which are pairs of
where . But the adversary will not be shown the key because the security
relies on the secrecy of the key. So the goal of the adversary is recovering the key by given some
input-output examples of . However, a good blockcipher scheme should be designed to make
this task computationally difficult.
4. SYMMETRIC-KEY CRYPTO BASED SUPPORT COUNT PROTOCOL
In this section, we go into the detail of our symmetric-key crypto based support counts mining
protocol and prove its correctness.
4.1. Protocol
In our symmetric-key crypto based support count protocol, we use a third party key-generator.
First, let the generator generate two matrixes. The dimensions are based on the number of users.
Assume there are users in total, the dimension of the two matrixes should be . Then the
generator fills the first matrix with random numbers. After that, generator fills the second matrix
with the negative values of first one. Note that the filling order of the second matrix should be
permuted. Then we define the symmetric-key for each user as the row of and
column of .
Then each user performs our protocol shown in algorithm 1.
Algorithm 1 Symmetric-key based privacy preserving scheme
Initialize
Step 1
User 1 will be asked whether he support one given pattern or not. Define support as 1
and not support as 0. Then he uses the two keys distributed to him to encrypt his answer. He
will get the value of and sends the value to User 2.
Step 2
For each user , User receives User computes
and sends it to user
Step 3
User receives . User adds to the received
number, and sends the results to all other parties.
Step 4
Each user uses the block cipher to update their keys.
3
4. Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.4, No.2, March 2013
Here, we specify that how to update user 's keys using blockcipher in step 4. Since is the
sum of elements in row in matrix which is . Therefore we use
algorithm 2 to update the .
Algorithm 2 Keys updating algorithm
Initialize
Step 1
Each user will be assigned a blockcipher as well as a key during the
initialization stage.
Step 2
Using blockcipher method, we define a function which makes
Step 3
User uses the same method to update the second key . First the user converts the
value of to absolute value. Then make them as negative after update the value use step 2.
Step 4
After mining rounds, the server reassigns another and to each user.
In keys updating process, blockcipher and key are chosen randomly by third party key-
generator and make known to all users. In order to enhance the security level of our protocol, we
let the generator create a new blockcipher and key and send them to all users after
rounds of support counts mining.
Unlike most previous works, we do not use any exponential or modular algorithms, we provide a
symmetric-key based method which can also protect the information and the execution time is
faster than public-key based algorithm. Since in modern network service, the number of user can
be as large as millions. Therefore the efficiency is most essential when designing of the privacy-
preserving algorithm.
4.2. Correctness
In this section, we prove the correctness of our symmetric-key crypto based support counts
mining protocol.
Theorem 1. Our symmetric-key crypto based support counts mining protocol correctly computes
the sum of all users' outputs.
Proof. Now, we prove that the user can obtain the final result by following our protocol.
Since we have
Therefor we can get
It is proved that .
4
5. Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.4, No.2, March 2013
5. DISCUSSION
Our proposed symmetric-key crypto based protocol for mining support counts has the following
characteristics.
It preserves the data privacy for each user without revealing it to others in the process of mining
support counts. Our privacy-preserving protocol is accurate which means the result obtained by
our protocol is the same as those obtained by having all data collected without privacy-
preserving.
We are utilizing a symmetric-key based method in our models. The protocol is much more
efficient compared with public-key based approached. An existing work [3] in mining support
counts proposed the privacy-preserving was based on public-key based approach. Different from
their protocol, we focus on another cryptographic method---symmetric-key cryptosystem.
Furthermore, our protocol is more efficient than previous work.
6. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we proposed a symmetric-key crypto based privacy preserving protocol for mining
support counts, in order to obtain the result without revealing users' personal private information.
We provided a very efficient method based on symmetric-key cryptosystem and cipher block to
encrypt each user's data and proved the correctness of our protocol.
REFERENCES
[1] Y. Lindell & B. Pinkas, (2009) Secure multiparty computation for privacy-preserving data mining.
Journal of Privacy and Confidentiality, Vol. 1, No.1, pp5.
[2] Y. Lindell & B. Pinkas , (2000) Privacy preserving data mining. In Advances in Cryptology
CRYPTO, Springer, pp36-54.
[3] F.Wu, J. Liu & S. Zhong. (2009) An efficient protocol for private and accurate mining of support
counts. Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 30, No.1, pp80-86.
[4] L.Kissner & D.Song. (2005) Privacy-preserving set operations. In Advances in Cryptology
CRYPTO, Springer, pp241-257.
[5] X.Lin, X.Sun, P.H. Ho & X.Shen. (2007) Gsis: a secure and privacy-preserving protocol for vehicular
communications. Transactions on Vehicular Technology, IEEE, Vol. 56, No.6, pp3442-3456.
[6] H.Delfs & H.Knebl. (2007) Symmetric-key encryption. Introduction to Cryptography, Springer ,
pp11-31.
[7] T.W. Cusick & P.Stanica. (2009) Cryptographic Boolean functions and applications. Academic Press.
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