Jan_2024_Top_read_articles_in_ACIJ.pdf

January 2024-Top 10 Read Articles in
AdvancedComputing
Advanced Computing: An International
Journal ( ACIJ )
ISSN: 2229 -6727 [Online] ; 2229 - 726X [Print]
https://airccse.org/journal/acij/acij.html

DATA SECURITY THROUGH QR CODE ENCRYPTION AND STEGANOGRAPHY
M. MaryShanthi Rani1, K.Rosemary Euphrasia2
1Dept. of Comp. Sci. and Applications, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University
Gandhigram, TamilNadu. India.
2Department of computer Sci., Fatima College, Madurai, TamilNadu. India.
ABSTRACT
The art of information hiding has become an important issue in the recent years as security of
information has become a big concern in this internet era. Cryptography and Steganography play major
role for secured data transfer. Steganography stands for concealed writing; it hides the message inside
a cover medium. Cryptography conceals the content of a message by encryption. QR (Quick Response)
Codes are 2-dimensional bar codes that encode text strings. They are able to encode information in both
vertical and horizontal direction, thus able to encode more information. In this paper a novel approach
is proposed for secret communication by combining the concepts of Steganography and QR codes. The
suggested method includes two phases: (i) Encrypting the message by a QR code encoder and thus
creating a QR code (ii) Hiding the QR code inside a colour image. This hiding process embeds the
quantised QR code so that it will not make any visible distortion in the cover image and it introduces
very minimum Bit Error Rate (BER). Experimental result shows that the proposed method has high
imperceptibility, integrity and security.
KEYWORDS
Steganography, QR code, BER
Volume URL: http://airccse.org/journal/acij/vol7.html
Full Article: https://aircconline.com/acij/V7N2/7216acij01.pdf
REFERENCES
[1] Ioannis Kapsalis., 2013. “Security of QR Codes“, Master thesis submitted in June 2013,
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
[2] Kinjal H. Pandyaand Hiren J. Galiyawala, 2014.” A Survey on QR Codes: in context of Research
and Application”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol. 4
Issue 3.,pp. 258-262Ioannis Kapsalis., 2013. “Security of QR Codes“, Master thesis submitted in June
2013, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
[3] QRStuff. QR Code Error Correction, 2011. QRStuff blog:http://www.qrstuff.Com
/blog/2011/12/14/QR-code-error-correction.
[4] Law, C. & So, S., 2010. “QR codes in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development
and Exchange”, Vol. 3 Issue 1, pp. 85-100
[5] Shruti Ahuja, 2014. ” QR Codes and Security Concerns”, International Journal of International
Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 Issue 3 pp. 3878-3879
[6] Akshara Gaikwad et al, 2015. “Information Hiding using Image Embedding in QRCodes for
Colour Images: A Review”, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies,
Vol. 6 Issue 1,pp. 278-283
[7] Dipika Sonawane et al., 2014. “QR based Advanced authentication for all hardware platforms
“International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol. 4(1) pp.1-4
[8] www. The-qrcode-generator.com

[9] ZXing, “Decoder Online,” 2011, http://zxing.org/w/decode.jspx
[10] M. Mary Shanthi Rani and K.Rosemary Euphrasia, 2015. “Dynamic Hiding of Message in RGB
Domain based on Random Channel Indicator”, International Journal of Applied Engineering
Research, Vol.10 No.76., pp. 478-483
**********************************************************************************

SECURE CLOUD ARCHITECTURE
Kashif Munir1 and Prof Dr. Sellapan Palaniappan2
1 School of Science and Engineering, Malaysia University of Science and Technology, Selangor,
Malaysia
2 School of Science and Engineering, Malaysia University of Science and Technology, Selangor,
Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
Cloud computing is set of resources and services offered through the Internet. Cloud services are
delivered from data centers located throughout the world. Cloud computing facilitates its consumers by
providing virtual resources via internet. The biggest challenge in cloud computing is the security and
privacy problems caused by its multi-tenancy nature and the outsourcing of infrastructure, sensitive data
and critical applications. Enterprises are rapidly adopting cloud services for their businesses, measures
need to be developed so that organizations can be assured of security in their businesses and can choose
a suitable vendor for their computing needs. Cloud computing depends on the internet as a medium for
users to access the required services at any time on pay-per-use pattern. However this technology is still
in its initial stages of development, as it suffers from threats and vulnerabilities that prevent the users
from trusting it. Various malicious activities from illegal users have threatened this technology such as
data misuse, inflexible access control and limited monitoring. The occurrence of these threats may result
into damaging or illegal access of critical and confidential data of users. In this paper we identify the
most vulnerable security threats/attacks in cloud computing, which will enable both end users and
vendors to know a bout the k ey security threats associated with cloud computing and propose relevant
solution directives to strengthen security in the Cloud environment. We also propose secure cloud
architecture for organizations to strengthen the security.
KEYWORDS
Cloud Computing; Security and Privacy; Threats, Vulnerabilities, Secure Cloud Architecture.
Volume URL: https://airccse.org/journal/acij/vol4.html
Full Article: https://airccse.org/journal/acij/papers/4113acij02.pdf
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International Conference on System Sciesnces 2011.
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Computing”http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~rdubey/index_files/cloud%20com puting.pdf
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answers”http://cloudcomputing.syscon.com/node/1330353
[19]Cloud Computing and Security –A Natural Match, Trusted Computing Group(TCG)
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[20] “Controlling Data in the Cloud:Outsourcing Computation without outsourcing Control
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http://aws.amazon.com
[22]T. Schreiber, “Session Riding a Widespread Vulnerability in Today'sWeb Applications” [Online],
Available: http://www.securenet.de/papers/Session_Riding.pdf, white paper, 2004. [Accessed: 20-Jul-
2011].
[23]J., Grimes, P., Jaeger, J., Lin, “Weathering the Storm: The Policy Implications of Cloud
Computing” [Online], Availablehttp://ischools.org/images/iConferences/CloudAbstract13109F
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Security & Privacy, IEEE, vol. 9, no. 2, pp.50-57, 2011.
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[29]Miranda Mowbray and Siani Pearson, A client-based privacy manager for cloud computing. In Proc.
Fourth International Conference on Communication System Software and Middleware (ComsWare),
Dublin, Ireland, 16-19 June 2009.

NEO4J, SQLITE AND MYSQL FOR HOSPITAL LOCALIZATION
Anu Sebastian1 , Richa Kuriakose2 , Surekha Mariam Varghese3
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, M.A College of Engineering,
Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
ABSTRACT
Graphs are efficient ways to visualize and represent real world data. Solutions to many real time
scenarios can be easily provided when there is powerful graph databases like neo4j that can be used to
efficiently query the graphs with multiple attributes. For instance, querying a system with medical and
hospital data can be used to address the problem of location wise medical decision making. Here in this
paper we present a neo4j as a solution to medical query.
KEYWORDS
Graph databases, MySQL, SQLite, cypher query language, Neo4j, Relational databases.
REFERENCES
[1] Shalini Batra, Charu Tyagi. Comparative Analysis of Relational And Graph Databases.
International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), 2(2), May 2012.
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Data & Knowledge Engineering (DKE), vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 29–53, 1998
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[12] Florian Holzschuher, Prof. Dr. René Peinl. Performance of Graph Query Languages: Comparison
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[13] Szabolcs Rozsnyai, Aleksander Slominski, Yurdaer Doganata.Large-Scale Distributed Storage
System for Business Provenance.Cloud Computing (CLOUD), IEEE International Conference,2011.
[14] Ilya Katsov. NoSql Data Modeling Techniques. March 2012.

[15] Ian Robinson, Jim Webber, Emil Eifrem. Graph Databases(Early release revision 1).O̓ Reilly
Media, Inc., 02-25 2013.
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for Data-Intentsive Applications. 2011.

EFFECTIVE WAYS CLOUD COMPUTING CAN CONTRIBUTE TO EDUCATION
SUCCESS
BV Pranay kumar1, Sumitha kommareddy2, N.Uma Rani3
1Department of information technology, CJITS, Jangaon, Warangal.
2Department of information technology, CJITS, Jangaon, Warangal.
3Department of computer science and engineering ,CJITS, Jangaon, Warangal.
ABSTRACT
Cloud computing and education sounds ambiguous on the face of it. Naturally, it’s because, very few
individuals, publishers and users alike come from the education sector. In most cases, cloud computing
is only associated with businesses and how they can leverage their efficiencies. Just to introduce how
the cloud deserves a place in our current education institution, it’s important to reiterate the education
philosophy. Its essence is knowledge. It’s this knowledge which brings advancement, achievement and
success. However, there are several things which make these parameters unattainable. In blunt language,
this is failure. Small classrooms, lack or resources, short- handed staff, lack of adequate teachers…the
list is endless. One way or the other, cloud computing can be utilized to improve education standards
and activities. The end result will be to curb the above problems and instead, boost performance.
KEYWORDS
Cloud Computing, Web service, Virtualization, Grid Computing, Virtual Computing Lab, Higher
education institutions, Remote areas.
REFERENCES
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[2] P. Shanthi Bala, INTENSIFICATION OF EDUCATIONAL CLOUD COMPUTING AND
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[3] M. Armbrust, et al, Above the clouds: A Berkeley view of Cloud Computing, UC Berkeley EECS,
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[4] S. Al Noor, G. Mustafa, S. Chowdhury, Z. Hossain, and F. Jaigirdar, A Proposed Architecture of
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[5] M. Luis, R. Luis, C. Juan and L. Maik, A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud Definition, ACM
SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Volume 39, Number 1. 2005.
[6] Cloud Computing Articles. Cloud Computing Education,
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[7] Cloud Computing Articles, SaaS+PaaS+IaaS. Free Cloud Apps for Educational Institutes: Schools,
Colleges, Universities, http://www.technopulse. com/2010/08/free-cloud-apps-
educationalinstitutes.html/

[8] IBM Academic Initiative. Cloud computing: Delivering Internetbased information and technology
services in real time, https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/university/cloud/
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smarter planet, ftp://dispsd-40-www3.boulder.ibm.com/
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COMPUTING IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA, 11th DIS Annual Conference
2010, 2nd 3rd September,Richardsbay, University of Zululand, South Africa, 2010.
[11] THE ABC’S OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION: ABET, BLOOM’S TAXONOMY,
COOPERATIVE LEARNING, AND SO ON
[12] K. Youry and V. Volodymyr. Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype for University
Education and Research, WCCCE ’10, May 78, 2010, Kelowna, Canad, 2010.
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Computing, iConference, 2009.
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**********************************************************************************

FDTD COMPUTATION FOR SAR INDUCED IN HUMAN HEAD DUE TO
EXPOSURE TO EMF FROM MOBILE PHONE
Ashraf A. Aly1 and Melinda Piket-May2
1Department of Information Technology, Al Khawarizmi College, UAE
2Departement of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder,
USA
ABSTRACT
This aim of this paper is to investigate the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in a human head
by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations, due to exposure to EMF radiation from
a mobile phone at frequencies 900 MHz Mobile Phone model with a λ/2 monopole antenna and a hand
head phone model dimensions are 100 mm x 50 mm x 20 mm. The head model used is a sphere with a
diameter of 18 cm. The FDTD grid size used in the computation was 2.5 mm. The distance between the
antenna and head was 5 mm. To simplify the FDTD simulation, the SAR in the head was calculated
without the effect of the human body. It was found that the SAR induced in the head decreases with the
distance from the radiating source.
KEYWORDS
Specific Absorption Rate, Finite-Difference Time-Domain, Mobile Phone
REFERENCES
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Change of Human Head Due To The Mobile Phone Waves At Frequencies 900 MHz and 1800 MHz",
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AN APPROACH FOR BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS CLASSIFICATION USING
NEURAL NETWORK
Htet Thazin Tike Thein1 and Khin Mo Mo Tun2
1 Ph.D Student, University of Computer Studies, Yangon, Myanmar
2Department of Computational Mathematics, University of Computer Studies, Yangon,
Myanmar
ABSTRACT
Artificial neural network has been widely used in various fields as an intelligent tool in recent years,
such as artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, medical diagnosis, machine learning and so on. The
classification of breast cancer is a medical application that poses a great challenge for researchers and
scientists. Recently, the neural network has become a popular tool in the classification of cancer
datasets. Classification is one of the most active research and application areas of neural networks.
Major disadvantages of artificial neural network (ANN) classifier are due to its sluggish convergence
and always being trapped at the local minima. To overcome this problem, differential evolution
algorithm (DE) has been used to determine optimal value or near optimal value for ANN parameters.
DE has been applied successfully to improve ANN learning from previous studies. However, there are
still some issues on DE approach such as longer training time and lower classification accuracy. To
overcome these problems, island based model has been proposed in this system. The aim of our study
is to propose an approach for breast cancer distinguishing between different classes of breast cancer.
This approach is based on the Wisconsin Diagnostic and Prognostic Breast Cancer and the classification
of different types of breast cancer datasets. The proposed system implements the island- based training
method to be better accuracy and less training time by using and analysing between two different
migration topologies.
KEYWORDS
Neural Network, Differential Evolution, Island Model, Classification, Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Full Article: http://airccse.org/journal/acij/papers/6115acij01.pdf
REFERENCES
[1] Arun George Eapen, master thesis, Application of Data Mining in Medical Applications,
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2004.
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Cancer Prognosisǁ, J Korean Soc Med Inform, pp. 49-57, 2009.
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System to diagnose Breast Cancer Using Naïve Bayesian Classifierǁ, MEDINFO, M.Fieschi et al. (Eds),
Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2004.
[16] Kamruzzaman S.M. and Monirul Islam Md, ―Extraction of Symbolic Rules from Artificial
Neural Networksǁ Proceedings of world Academy of science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 10,
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[17] Punitha A., Sumathi C.P. and Santhanam T., ―A Combination of Genetic Algorithm and ART
Neural Network for Breast Cancer Diagnosisǁ Asian Journal of Information Technology 6
(1):112-117, 2007, Medwell Journals, 2007.
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**********************************************************************************

IMPROVING PRIVACY AND SECURITY IN MULTI- TENANT CLOUD ERP
SYSTEMS
Djamal Ziani and Ruba Al-Muwayshir
Department of Information Systems, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses cloud ERP security challenges and their existing solutions. Initially, a set of
definitions associated with ERP systems, cloud computing, and multi-tenancy, along with their
respective challenges and issues regarding security and privacy, are provided. Next, a set of security
challenges is listed, discussed, and mapped to the existing solutions to solve these problems. This thesis
aims to build an effective approach to the cloud ERP security management model in terms of data
storage, data virtualization, data isolation, and access security in cloud ERP. The following proposed
techniques are used to improve the security for multi-tenant SaaS: database virtualization,
implementation of data encryption and search functionality on databases and developed systems,
distribution of data between tenant and ERP providers, secure application deployment in multi-tenant
environments, implementation of the authentication and developed systems together as a two-factor
authentication, and improved user access control for multi-tenant ERP clouds.
KEYWORDS
ERP, ERP system, ERP problems, ERP security challenges, ERP security solutions, ERP and cloud
computing

REFERENCES
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[14] G. F Fathima Haseen Raihana & J. A. Jamal Mohamed College, (2012), “CLOUD ERP– A
SOLUTION MODEL”, IRACST - International Journal of Computer Science and Information
Technology & Security (IJCSITS), ISSN, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp4.
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Washington, DC, USA, pp378–380.
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[18] A. Lenart, (2011), “ERP in the Cloud–Benefits and Challenges”, In Research in systems analysis
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[19] Md Asif Mushtaque, R. Sindhu, (2014), “A New Innovation On User’S Level Security For Storage
Data In Cloud Computing”, International Journal of Grid Distribution Computing 7.3, pp213- 220.

EVALUATING THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL USABILITY ATTRIBUTES OF
E-LEARNING WEBSITES IN SAUDI ARABIA
Khalid Al-Omar
Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
ABSTRACT
Web usability is important for users who depend on the websites they use, such as online distance
education students. Accordingly, universities and educational websites need to determine the types of
usability problems that occur on their websites. However, far too little attention has been paid to
providing detailed information regarding the types of specific usability problems that occur on e-
learning websites in general and on those in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in particular. The aim
of this paper was to study and analyse the internal and external usability attributes of university websites
that offer distance education courses in Saudi Arabia. Twelve universities in Saudi Arabia were
considered—11 governmentaffiliated universities and one private university. The analysis of the data
indicates the level of usability of distance education websites. Results reveal that in Saudi Arabia,
distance education websites are reliable but violate basic usability guidelines. Furthermore, Saudi e-
learning websites need to focus on the utility of their home page search engines, provide more advanced
search functionality, and provide sitemaps linked to every page on the websites.
KEYWORDS
University websites, usability, credibility, e-learning, website design, Saudi Arabia, distance education
REFERENCES
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Open and Distributed Learning, vol. 16, 2015.

[11] M. Alshammari, R. Anane, and R. J. Hendley, "Design and Usability Evaluation of Adaptive
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Cognitive Walkthrough," Design Solutions for User-Centric Information Systems, p. 297, 2016.
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*********************************************************************************
FACE RECOGNITION FROM A SINGLE SAMPLE USING RLOG FILTER AND

MANIFOLD ANALYSIS
Jaya Susan Edith. S1 and A.Usha Ruby2
1Department of Computer Science and Engineering,CSI College of Engineering,
2Research scholar, Bharath University
ABSTRACT
Face recognition is A technique that has been widely used in various important field, this process helps
in the identification of an individual by a machine for the purpose of security and ease of work. The
normal technique of face recognition usually works better when there are multiple samples for a single
person (MSSP) is available. In present applications where this technique is to be used such as in social
networks, security systems, identification cards there is only a single sample per person (SSPP) that is
readily available. This less availability of the samples causes failure in the working of conventional face
recognition techniques which require multiple samples for a particular individual. To overcome this
drawback which sets back the system from the accurate functioning of face recognition this paper puts
forward a novel technique which makes use of discriminative multimanifold analysis (DMMA) that
extracts distinctive features using image patches. Recognition is done by the process of manifold to
manifold matching. Hence there is an increment in the accuracy rate of face recognition.
KEYWORDS
Face recognition; manifold learning; filter; clustering
REFERENCES
[1] Jiwen Lu, Member, IEEE, Yap-Peng Tan, Senior Member, IEEE, and Gang Wang, Member, IEEE,
Discriminative Multimanifold Analysis for Face Recognition from a Single Training Sample per
Personǁ. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, vol. 35, no. 1, January 2013.
[2] H. Hu, ―Orthogonal Neighborhood Preserving Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition,ǁ
Pattern Recognition, vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 2045-2054, 2008.

[3] A. Lanitis, ―Evaluating the Performance of Face-Aging Algorithms,ǁProc. IEEE Int’l Conf.
Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 1-6, 2008.
[4] S. Yan, D. Xu, B. Zhang, H. Zhang, Q. Yang, and S. Lin, ―Graph Embedding and Extensions: A
General Framework for Dimensionality Reduction,ǁ IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine
Intelligence, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 40-51, Jan. 2007.
[5] R. Wang and X. Chen. ǁManifold Discriminant Analysisǁ. In IEEE Conference on Computer
Vision and Pattern Recognition, pages 1–8, 2009.
[6] R. Wang, S. Shan, X. Chen, and W. Gao, ―Manifold-Manifold Distance with Application to Face
Recognition Based on Image Set,ǁ Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1-
8, 2008.
[7] D. Zhang and Z. Zhou, ―2D2PCA: Two-Directional Two-Dimensional PCA for Efficient Face
Representation and Recognition,ǁ Neurocomputing, vol. 69, nos. 1-3, pp. 224-231, 2005.
[8] Zhenwei Miao n, Xudong Jiang School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Nanyang Link, Singapore 639798 ,Singapore. 2013 Elsevier.
**********************************************************************************

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VITERBI DECODER FOR WIRELESS
APPLICATIONS
G.Sivasankar and L.Thangarani
Department of Electronics and Communication, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,
Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
Viterbi decoder is employed in wireless communication to decode the convolutional codes; those codes
are used in every robust digital communication systems. Convolutional encoding and viterbi decoding
is a powerful method for forward error correction. This paper deals with synthesis and implementation
of viterbi decoder with a constraint length of three as well as seven and the code rate of ½ in FPGA
(Field Programmable Gate Array). The performance of viterbi decoder is analyzed in terms of resource
utilization. The design of viterbi decoder is simulated using Verilog HDL. It is synthesized and
implemented using Xilinx 9.1ise and Spartan 3E Kit. It is compatible with many common standards
such as 3GPP, IEEE 802.16 and LTE.
KEYWORDS
Convolutional encoder, Constraint length, Code rate, Viterbi decoder, Viterbi algorithm, Hamming
distance, Verilog HDL, FPGA.
REFERENCES
[1] A.J. Viterbi (1967) “Error bounds for Convolutional Coding and an asymptotically optimum
decoding algorithm ”, IEEE Transactions on Inform. Theory, Vol. 2, pp260-269.
[2] Mr.Vishal, G.Jadhao, Prof. Prafulla & D. Gawade (2012)“Performance analysis of linear block code
and convolutional code to study their comparative effectiveness”, IOSR Journal of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering.
[3] Hiral Pujara, Pankaj Prajapati (2013) “RTL Implementation of Viterbi Decoder using VHDL”,
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing, Vol. 2, pp65-71.

[4] M.Gayathiri et al (2013) “FPGA implementation of high speed and low power viterbi encoder and
decoder ”, International journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2, pp1315-1320.

PATH FINDING SOLUTIONS FOR GRID BASED GRAPH
Dr. R.Anbuselvi M.Sc., M.Phil. Ph.D1
1Assistant Professor in Computer Science, Bishop Heber College, Trichy-17
ABSTRACT
Any path finding will work as long as there are no obstacles on distractions along the way. A genetic
Alalgorithm has been used for more advanced environments in graph. Implementation of the path
finding algorithm for grid based graph with or without obstacles.
KEYWORDS
Path, Finding, Solution
Full Article: http://airccse.org/journal/acij/papers/4213acij05.pdf
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**********************************************************************************

DETECTION OF FORGERY AND FABRICATION IN PASSPORTS ANDVISAS USING
CRYPTOGRAPHY AND QR CODES
Cheman Shaik
VISH Consulting Services Inc, 6242 N Hoyne Avenue, Chicago IL 60659, USA
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present a novel solution to detect forgery and fabrication in passports and visas using
cryptography and QR codes. The solution requires that the passport and visa issuing authorities obtain a
cryptographic key pair and publish their public key on their website. Further they are required to encrypt
the passport or visa information with their private key, encode the ciphertext in a QR code and print it on
the passport or visa they issue to the applicant.
The issuing authorities are also required to create a mobile or desktop QR code scanning app andplace it
for download on their website or Google Play Store and iPhone App Store. Anyindividual or immigration
authority that needs to check the passport or visa for forgery and fabrication can scan its QR code, which
will decrypt the ciphertext encoded in the QR code usingthe public key stored in the app memory and
displays the passport or visa information on the app screen. The details on the app screen can be compared
with the actual details printed on the passport or visa. Any mismatch between the two is a clear indication
of forgery or fabrication.
KEYWORDS
Passport, Visa, Forgery, Fabrication, Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, QR Code, Mobile App
Volume Link: https://airccse.org/journal/acij/vol12.html
Pdf Link: https://aircconline.com/acij/V12N1/12121acij01.pdf

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shouldknow-about-qr-codes/

BINARY SINE COSINE ALGORITHMS FOR FEATURE SELECTION FROM
MEDICAL DATA
Shokooh Taghian1,2
and Mohammad H. Nadimi-Shahraki1,2,*
1Faculty of Computer Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran2Big Data
Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
ABSTRACT
A well-constructed classification model highly depends on input feature subsets from a dataset, which
may contain redundant, irrelevant, or noisy features. This challenge can be worse while dealing with
medical datasets. The main aim of feature selection as a pre-processing task is to eliminate these features
and select the most effective ones. In the literature, metaheuristic algorithms show a successful
performance to find optimal feature subsets. In this paper, two binary metaheuristic algorithms named S-
shaped binary Sine Cosine Algorithm (SBSCA) and V-shaped binary Sine Cosine Algorithm (VBSCA)
are proposed for feature selection from the medical data. In these algorithms, the search space remains
continuous, while a binary position vector is generated by two transfer functions S-shaped and V-shaped
for each solution. The proposed algorithms are compared with four latest binary optimization algorithms
over five medical datasets from the UCI repository. The experimental results confirm that using
bothbSCA variants enhance the accuracy of classification on these medical datasets compared to fourother
algorithms.
KEYWORDS
Medical data, Feature selection, metaheuristic algorithm, Sine Cosine Algorithm, Transfer function
Volume Link: https://airccse.org/journal/acij/vol10.html
Pdf Link: https://aircconline.com/acij/V10N5/10519acij01.pdf

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