This document summarizes adaptive cruise control (ACC) in automobiles. ACC uses radar sensors to detect vehicles ahead and automatically adjusts speed to maintain a safe distance. It builds upon conventional cruise control by controlling braking and acceleration in response to other vehicles. The key components are control units, sensors, and actuators to brake and throttle. ACC improves safety by relieving drivers and maintaining consistent following distances, though it does not avoid collisions and requires manual override. While advancing driver assistance, fully autonomous vehicles will require changes to road infrastructure and laws.
Among the recent advancements in car safety technologies, the adaptive cruise control feature is one of the most important and useful. It greatly minimizes the pressure of the driver as it helps to control the speed of the car and maintains a safe distance from other cars to avoid a crash. But still, this adaptive control should not be used in bad weather conditions and in tunnels as they might not work efficiently. So, if you want to know all about the adaptive cruise control system in your car, then give some time to watch the following slide show.
Adaptive cruise control system is truly a smarter option in today’s vehicles. It may not be a standard safety option for all vehicles, but the need for this system is rising rapidly—as the road crashes are soaring high each year. Wondering what is this cruise control system and how this is smart enough to prevent road accidents? Go through slides to know.
Among the recent advancements in car safety technologies, the adaptive cruise control feature is one of the most important and useful. It greatly minimizes the pressure of the driver as it helps to control the speed of the car and maintains a safe distance from other cars to avoid a crash. But still, this adaptive control should not be used in bad weather conditions and in tunnels as they might not work efficiently. So, if you want to know all about the adaptive cruise control system in your car, then give some time to watch the following slide show.
Adaptive cruise control system is truly a smarter option in today’s vehicles. It may not be a standard safety option for all vehicles, but the need for this system is rising rapidly—as the road crashes are soaring high each year. Wondering what is this cruise control system and how this is smart enough to prevent road accidents? Go through slides to know.
Cruise control system has become a common feature in automobiles nowadays. Instead of having the driver frequently checking the speedometer and adjusting pressure on the gas pedal or the brake, cruise control system control the speed of the car by maintaining the constant speed set by the driver. Therefore, cruise control system can help reduce driver’s fatigue in driving a long road trip. This paper presents the control system behind the cruise control.
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Cruise control system has become a common feature in automobiles nowadays. Instead of having the driver frequently checking the speedometer and adjusting pressure on the gas pedal or the brake, cruise control system control the speed of the car by maintaining the constant speed set by the driver. Therefore, cruise control system can help reduce driver’s fatigue in driving a long road trip. This paper presents the control system behind the cruise control.
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swami.adapative curise control using arudino
1. 1
REVIEW ON AdAptIVE CRuIsE
CONtROl IN AutOMOBIlEs
(ACC)
Seminar by;
VISHNU SANKAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Toc H, Arakkunnam
2. OBJECTIVES
2
To discuss about adaptive cruise control:
HISTORY
INTRODUCTION TO ACC
CONVENTIONAL CRUISE CONTROL OPERATION
TYPES
COMPONENTS IN ACC
PRINCIPLE OF ACC
WORKING
ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
3. HISTORY
3
The idea of driver assistance was started with
‘cruise control devices’, first appeared in 1970’s in
USA.
When switched on, the device takes up the task of
accelerating or braking to maintain a constant
speed. But it could not consider other vehicles on
road.
The ACC system was developed as next generation
assisted the driver to keep a safe distance from
vehicle in front. This system is now available in
some luxury cars like merc s class,jaguar,volvo…
4. Introduction to ACC
4
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) technology automatically
adjust the vehicle speed and distance to that of a target
vehicle.
ACC uses a long range radar sensor to detect a target
vehicle up to 200 meters in front and automatically
adjusts the ACC vehicle speed and gap accordingly.
ACC automatically decelerates or accelerates the vehicle
according to the desired speed and distance settings
established by the driver.
As per standard cruise control the driver can override
the system at any time.
5. Conventional Cruise Control Operation
5
A typical Conventional Cruise Control controls the
vehicle speed by adjusting throttle position to
maintain a speed set by the driver.
A control unit compares the actual vehicle speed
and the desired set speed.
If there is a difference between this two values, a
signal is sent to a throttle position actuator to
adjust the throttle position to bring the vehicle to
set speed.
6. Two types of ACC
6
• Radar-Based System :
– Three overlapping radar-beams (76-77kHz)
-- Detects moving object up to 120 m
– work in poor weather conditions
• Laser-Based System (lidar) :
– less expensive and easier to package
– light beams are narrower than water droplet
and snowflakes
8. Common Terms in ACC
8
• Response time of the driver (t): time needed by the driver
to respond safely to any unwanted disturbance
(approximately about 2-3 sec)
• Safe distance: the minimum distance between vehicle
equipped with ACC to the leading vehicle by which the
driver is still able to respond safely in case of emergency
braking by the vehicle in front
Safe distance = Vs * t
Vs = speed of ACC vehicle
t = 2-3 sec
9. Adaptive Cruise Control - Components
9
Parts related to a typical ACC system are
highlighted and colour-coded in the
illustration below:
11. PRINCIPLE OF ACC
11
ACC works by detecting the distance and speed of
the vehicles ahead by using either a Lidar system
or a Radar system .
According to this, the brake and throttle controls
are done to keep the vehicle in a safe position with
respect to the other.
These are predominantly designed for highway
applications with rather homogenous traffic
behavior.
12. 12
• The second generation of ACC is the Stop
and Go Cruise Control (SACC) whose
objective is to offer the customer
longitudinal support on cruise control at
lower speeds down to zero velocity.
• There is a clear distinction between ACC
and SACC with respect to stationary
targets.
•The ACC philosophy is that it will be
operated in well structured roads with an
orderly traffic flow with speed of vehicles
around 40km/hour .
16. Adaptive Cruise Control : Overview
16
ACC is an extension of conventional cruise
control systems. An ACC system is a driver
convenience feature designed to maintain a set
following distance from the vehicle ahead. ACC is
not a collision warning or avoidance system.
An ACC system is designed to assist the driver
and is not a fully independent driving system.
As with conventional cruise control system
manual inputs from the driver, both to
accelerator and brake, take priority over the ACC
system.
17. Adaptive Cruise Control Functions
17
• Preset and maintain the car speed
• Measure the distance to the preceding car and the
relative speed
• Adjust the car speed accordingly
• Maximum deceleration = 3.5m/s^2
Source:http://path.Berkeley.edu.
18. Contn…
18
• Change gear automatically
• Function properly in poor weather condition
• Cannot pick up non-moving objects
• Effective in the speed between 30km-
180km/h
19. ADVANTAGES
19
The driver is relieved from the task of careful
acceleration, deceleration and braking in congested
traffics.
A highly responsive traffic system that adjusts itself
to avoid accidents can be developed.
Since the braking and acceleration are done in a
systematic way, the fuel efficiency of the vehicle is
increased.
20. CONCLUSIONS
20
The accidents caused by automobiles are injuring
lakhs of people every year.
The safety measures starting from airbags and
seatbelts have now reached to ACC,SACC and CACC
systems.
Eventhough it will probably take few decades, car
accidents will become as rare as plane accidents with
these technologies.
But the road laws will have to be changed upto an
extent, since the non-human part of vehicle
controlling will become predominant.
21. REFERENCES
21
“Adaptive cruise control with stop & go function using the
state dependent non linear model predictive control
approach’’, science direct, Payman Shakouri, 15th June 2012.
“Detection of new in-path targets by drivers using stop & go
adaptive cruise control”, Neville A.stanton,18th
Aug 2010.
“Keeping car from crashing”, IEEE Spectrum, Willie D. jones,
Sep 2001.
“Introduction To RADAR Systems”, Merril I. Skolnik,Tata Mc
Grawhill ,edition 2009.
http://motorola/semiconductor.com
http://path.Berkeley.edu
http://www.computer –solutions.co.uk.