Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) allows a vehicle's cruise control to adjust speed based on surrounding traffic detected by radar. If a slower vehicle is detected, ACC will slow the vehicle down to maintain a safe following distance without driver input. ACC works by controlling engine throttle and brakes. It includes components like radar, braking and engine control modules. ACC relieves drivers in traffic but risks accidents if malfunctioning and does not yet enable vehicle cooperation. Further development may lead to vehicles that avoid accidents through comprehensive sensor systems.

1. ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM
By
Mohammed Imran – 190021601029
Mohammed Habeebullah – 190021601034
Muhammad Basheer – 190021601040
Ponmudi MP – 190021601044

2. INTRODUCTION
 What is Adaptive Cruise Control? Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
is an automotive feature that allows a vehicle's cruise control
system to adapt the vehicle's speed to the traffic environment.
A radar system attached to the front of the vehicle is used to
detect whether slower moving vehicles are in the ACC
vehicle'spath. Introduced in 1970's in USA. This system is now
available in luxury cars like Mercedes S-class, Jaguar XJ,
Volvotrucks etc...

3. PRINCIPLE
 How does it work? If a slower moving vehicle is detected, the
ACC system will slow the vehicle down and control the
clearance, or time gap, between the ACC vehicle and the
forward vehicle. If the system detects that the forward vehicle
is no longer in the ACC vehicle's path, the ACC system will
accelerate the vehicle back to its set cruise control speed. This
operation allows the ACC vehicle to autonomously slow down
and speed up with traffic without intervention from the driver.
The method by which the ACC vehicle's speed is controlled is
via engine throttle control and limited brake operation.

5. COMPONENTS OF AN ACC SYSTEM:
 1) ACC Module - The primary function of the ACC module is to process the radar information and
determine if a forward vehicle is present.
 2) Engine Control Module - The primary function of the Engine Control Module is to receive information
from the ACC module and Instrument Cluster and control the vehicle's speed based on this
information.
 3) Brake Control Module - The primary function of the Brake Control Module is to determine vehicle
speed via each wheel and to decelerate the vehicle by applying the brakes when requested by the
ACC Module.
 4) Instrument Cluster - The primary function of the Instrument Cluster is to process the Cruise
Switches and send their information to the ACC and EngineControl Modules.
 5) CAN - The Controller Area Network (CAN) is an automotive standard network that utilizes a 2 wire
bus to transmit and receive data. Each node on the network has the capability to transmit 0 to 8 bytes
of data in a message frame.

6.  6) Cruise Switches - The Cruise Switches are mounted on the steering wheel and
have several buttons which allow the driver to command operation of the ACC
system .
 7) Brake Switches (BS) - There are two brake switches, Brake Switch 1 (BS1) and |
Brake Switch 2 (BS2). When either brake switch is activated, Cruise Control
operation is deactivated and the system enters 'ACC standby' state.
 8) Brake Lights - When the Brake Control Module applies the brakes in response to
an ACC request, it will illuminate the brake lights to warn vehicles behind the ACC
vehicle that it is decelerating.
 9) Sensors/Radars - Currently 4 types of radars are available. They are-
V LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
RADAR ( Radio Detection and Ranging)
~ VISION SENSORSu
~ ULTRASONIC SENSOR

7. ADVANTAGES:-
 The driver is relieved from the task of careful acceleration, deceleration and braking
in congested traffics.
 A highly responsive traffic system that adjusts itself to avoid accidents can be
developed.
 Since the braking and acceleration are done in a systematic way, the fuel efficiency
of the vehicle is increased.
DISADVANTAGES:-
 A cheap version is not yet realized.
 A high market penetration is required if a society of intelligent vehicles is to be
formed.
 Encourages the driver to become careless. It can lead to severe accidents if the
system is malfunctioning.
 The ACC systems yet evolved enable vehicles to cooperate with each other
vehicles and hence do not respond directly to traffic signals.

8. CONCLUSION:-
 The accidents caused by automobiles are injuring lakhs of people every year.
The safety measures starting from air bags and seat belts have now reached
to ACC, SACC and CACC systems. The researchers of Intelligent Vehicles
Initiative in USA and the Ertico program of Europe are working on
technologies that may ultimately lead to vehicles that are wrapped in a
cocoon of sensors with a 360 -degree view of their surroundings. It will
probably take decades, but car accidents may eventually become as rare as
plane accidents are now, even though the road laws will have to be changed,
up to an extent since the non-human part of the vehicle controlling will
become predominant.