Sustainable Skill Development in the context of India. This presentation was given in the International Skills Conference in NITTTR Chandigarh.

1. Plenary Session 1 : Sustainable Skill Development
Ajay Mohan Goel
ajaymgoel@gmail.com

2. Sustainable
• Ability or capacity of something to be maintained or to sustain itself.
• Should be able to continue forever.
• Endurance of systems and processes.
Sustainable
• Work-related capabilities of people to perform a job successfully.
• Capacity to do something well; technique, ability
Skill

3. Core Work Related Skills
Source: World Economic Forum 2016, based on O’NET Content Model

4. Four Blocks for Sustainable Skill Development
Infrastructure Delivery
Policy Funding
• Institutional Mechanisms, Trainers,
Equipment, Workshops, Class rooms,
Assessment, Curriculum, Content,
LMIS
• Skill Development, Education
• Govt: Centre, State
• Industry, Employer
• Mechanisms: ILT, Blended, MOOCs,
Apprenticeship
• Formal: School, ITI, Polytechnic, College/Univ
• Government, Industry, Student, CSR

5. Sustainable Skill Development
Key Aspects
Infrastru
cture
Delivery
Policy Funding
Skills are multi-layered
•Generic & Domain specific
•Simple tasks, complex tasks, supervisory tasks
•Operational & Design
•Stable & Unstable
Changing work environments and flexible working arrangements
Disruptive business models
•Job creation, job displacement, new skill gaps
Continued demographic changes
•Longevity & ageing societies, young population
Developments in previously dis-jointed fields
•AI and machine learning, robotics, nanotechnology, 3D printing and genetics and
biotechnology, big data and analytics
Need for continuous re-skilling & up-skilling
•Same domain, new domain, multiple domains, new technology

6. Sustainable Skill Development
Policy
Infrastru
cture
Delivery
Policy Funding
Central Government
• Formation of Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship
• National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
(2015)
• Education Policy (1986) *
• National Skills Qualifications Framework (2013)
• The Apprenticeship (Amendment) Act (2014)
State Government
• State Skill Missions
• Convergence of multiple skill schemes
• Convergence of Skill, Employment (Labour) and
Entrepreneurship departments #
* New Education Policy in drafting stage
# In some states (e.g. Telangana, Rajasthan)

7. National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship -
2015
110 Mn additional skilled manpower
required across 24 key sectors by 2022
25% high schools to integrate skilling with
formal education over next 5 years.
3-tier structure for Skill Development
Mission
Key Paradigms
• Aspiration & advocacy, Capacity, Quality, Synergy,
Mobilization & Engagement, Promotion of skilling
among women, Global Partnerships, Outreach, ICT
enablement, Trainers & Assessors, Inclusivity

8. Sustainable Skill Development
Funding
Infrastru
cture
Delivery
Policy Funding
Central Government
• PMKVY
• Schemes of Individual Ministries (~20)
• Central Scheme for vocationalisation in class 9-12
• UGC scheme of Community Colleges, B.Voc., DDU-
KAUSHAL
Industry / Employer
• Internal Training Departments
• Sponsored Training
CSR / Philanthropy
Student
• Self-Funded

9. Sustainable Skill Development
Infrastructure
Infrastru
cture
Delivery
Policy Funding
Institutions
• MSDE, NSDA, NSDC, Sector Skill Councils, State Skill
Missions
• UGC, AICTE, Universities, Colleges, Polytechnics
• School Education Boards, NCERT, PSSCIVE,
• ITIs , NCVT, SCVT,
• Board of Apprenticeship Training
• Vocational Training providers
Standards, Curriculum, Content
Labour Management Information System
Teachers / Trainers

10. Sustainable Skill Development
Delivery
Infrastru
cture
Delivery
Policy Funding
Governance Structures
Technology
Delivery Mechanisms
Industry Interface, Internships, projects
Teacher / Trainer
Workshops / Equipment
Assessment, Evaluation and Certification
Student Placement

11. Sustainable Skill Development
Key Imperatives
Infrastru
cture
Delivery
Policy Funding
• Demand driven – Workforce planning
• Three layered planning and implementation:
– National – For national & global requirements
– State
– District
• Reforms of Primary School System
– Cognitive Abilities and Basic Skills development
• Curricula reforms
– Applied learning focus
– Inter-disciplinary

12. Thank You

13. Weaknesses in existing Vocational Education System
Mismatch between demand and supply
Weak Industry and Job Linkages
Out-dated courses and inadequate curriculum
Lack of practical orientation and apprenticeship
Stigma/ Lack of Motivation
Financial constraints
Dead End – Certificates and Diplomas
Aspirational links to Higher Education and better jobs unfulfilled

14. Education Profile of India’s Population (15+ age group)
Source: Global Demographics, Macquarie, September 2015
• India’s workforce is much less educated than its peers.
• Impacts productivity and propensity to be employed.

15. College and High School Graduates Ill-Equipped for Industry

16. Skilling needs to align with the Economic Growth
• Most of vocational education focused on Manufacturing industry
• 58% of India’s GDP now comes from Services Sector

17. 2007-2012 Journey – National Skills Mission 2009
National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) set up in 2010.
•51% private sector and 49% public
National Skill Development Fund (NSDF)
•Primarily funded from General Tax Revenues
Target to skill 500 Mn during 2010-2022
Main growth in Skilling Capacity
•Increasing private sector ITIs.
•~250 Private VTPs – Financed by NSDC
•Skilled about 3.3 Mn people till Mar’15
Release of National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF) in 2012
•National Occupational Standards released for ~1300 Job Roles
•Skill Training being aligned to NSQF – Work in Progress
37 Sector Skill Councils set up (Industry bodies, NSDC facilitated)
•Create National Occupational Standards
•Set up Assessment and Certification ecosystem

18. Mainstreaming skills for Employment
ITI Program
Year1
NSQF
Diploma
Class12
Pass
Year2
NSQF
Adv. Dip.
Year3
High School
IX | X | XI | XII
Industry
Employment
NSQF L2 L3 L4
School Program Community College
Program
L1
NSQF
B.Voc.
National
Skills
Qualifications
Framework

19. India’s Demographic Advantage
Change in working age population (2025 less 2015)
• India will account for 20% world’s working age population
• Only 7% of India’s population has vocational education.
Source: Global Demographics, Macquarie, September 2015

20. Key Drivers
• Energy Sector
• New energy supplies and
technologies
• Climate change, natural
resources
• Changing nature of work,
flexible work
• Geopolitical volatility
technological trends whose
potentially far-ranging
implications have not yet fully
materialized—such as 3D
• Infrastructure Sector
• Climate change, natural
resources
• Changing nature of work,
flexible work
• New energy supplies and
technologies
• Geopolitical volatility

21. Timeframes to impact industries, business models

22. Sustainable Skill Development
Key Aspects
• Biggest drivers of employment creation
– demographic and socio-economic in nature
– Rapid urbanisation
• Biggest threat to employment & Job creation
– increasing geopolitical volatility
• Job Creation opportunities
– Big Data analytics, mobile internet, the Internet of Things and robotics.
• Global Employement Projections
– Strong Growth: Architecture, Engineering, Cmputer, Mathematical job families
– Moderate decline: Manufacturing and Production roles
– Significant decline: Office and Administrative roles.
– Flat: Business and Financial Operations, Sales and Related and Construction and Extraction
• Significant variations to above in different regions / countries