The document discusses environmental studies and disaster management. It begins by defining the environment as complete ecological units including natural and living things that interact with climate, weather, natural resources and affect human survival. It then lists some environmental challenges like pollution, species extinction, deforestation and population growth. The document continues by outlining foundational principles for a circular economy including keeping products and materials in use, regenerating natural systems, and designing out waste and pollution. It provides examples of global water usage and the water footprint of various products. The effects of groundwater depletion and ways to reduce water stress are presented. Key concepts around ecosystems, ecosystem services, wetlands and their benefits are defined. Areas of critical importance for humanity like health, poverty

1. Revision
Sesion-10:
Environmental Studies & Disaster
Management
Prof. Ajay Mohan Goel
ajay.goel@bmu.edu.in

2. What is Environment?
Complete ecological
units that function as natural
systems without massive
civilized human intervention,
including all:
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• Natural environment
• Living & non-living things
• Occurring Naturally
• On Earth
• Interaction of:
• All living species
• Climate
• Weather
• Natural resources
• That affect:
• Human Survival
• Economic Activity
•Elements
• Air
• Water
• Soil
• Minerals

3. Environmental Challenges
• Pollution
• Species extinction
• GlobalWarming
• Deforestation
• Forest Fires
• Floods
• Changing climate cycle
• Human Population Growth
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4. Foundational Principles for Circular Economy
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5. Foundational Principles for Circular Economy
Restorative & Regenerative by Design
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6. Foundational Principles for Circular Economy.
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•What if we could build an economy that uses things,
rather than uses them up?
Keep Products
and Materials
in USE
•What if we could not only protect but actively improve
the environment?
Regenerate
Natural
Systems
•What if waste and pollution were never created in the
first place?
Design out
Waste and
POLLUTION

7. Foundational Principles for Circular Economy.
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•What if we could build an economy that uses things, rather than uses them up?
We can’t keep wasting resources. Design some products and components so that they
can be reused, repaired and remanufactured. But making things last forever is not the
only solution.When it comes to products like food or packaging, we should be able to
get the materials back, so they don’t end up in landfill.
Keep Products
and Materials
in USE
•What if we could not only protect but actively improve the environment?
In nature, there is no concept of waste. Everything is food for something else – a leaf
that falls from a tree feeds the forest. Instead of simply trying to do less harm, we
should aim to do good. By returning valuable nutrients to the soil and other
ecosystems, we can enhance our natural resources.
Regenerate
Natural
Systems
•What if waste and pollution were never created in the first place?
A circular economy reveals and designs out the negative impacts of economic activity
that cause damage to human health and natural systems.This includes the release of
greenhouses gases and hazardous substances, the pollution of air, land, and water, as
well as structural waste such as traffic congestion.
Design out
Waste and
POLLUTION

8. Global Water Usage
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1.(Adapted from FAO, 2012)
1. Domestic
2. Agriculture
3. Industrial Use

9. Water Footprint
Sugar (1Kg) 1782 Liters
one pizza margherita (725 gram) 1259 Liters
Pork (1 Kg) 5990 Liters
Orange (1 Kg) 560 Liters
Leather (Bovine) (1 Kg) 17,000 Liters
Butter (1 kg) 5553 Liters
Wheat Bread (1 kg) 1608
Wheat (1 kg) 1827
Rice (1 Kg)) 2500
Jeans (1 pair) 10,000 Liters
CottonT-Shirt (500 Gm) 4100
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10. Effects of Ground WaterTable Depletion
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• Force us to pump water from deeper within the Earth.
• Large bodies of water will become shallower from groundwater depletion
• Saltwater contamination can occur
• As large aquifers are depleted, food supply and people will suffer
• limits biodiversity and dangerous sinkholes result from depleted aquifers

11. Ways to Reduce Water Stress
Increase agricultural efficiency
• Use seeds requiring less water
• Improve irrigation techniques
• Remove electrical subsidy
• Develop technologies for improving agriculture efficiency
• Reduce food loss & waste
Invest in grey and green infrastructure
• Build Grey Infrastructure like Pipes &Treatment plants
• Invest in Green infrastructure (like wetlands & watersheds)
Treat, reuse and recycle
• Treating & reusing creates a new water source
• Reuse or sell energy- and nutrient-rich byproducts of waste-water treatment
Stop Polluting Rivers
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12. What is an Ecosystem?
• A dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism
communities and the non-living environment interacting as a
functional unit.
• Humans are an integral part of ecosystems.
• Ecosystems vary enormously in size; a temporary pond in a tree
hollow and an ocean basin can both be ecosystems.
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Product obtained from
ecosystems
• Food
• FreshWater
• Fuelwood
• Fiber
• Biochemicals
• Genetic resources
Services necessary for production of all other ecosystem services
• Soil Formation
• Nutrient cycling
• Primary Production
• Biodiversity maintenance
Benefits obtained from
regulation of ecosystem
processes
• Climate regulation
• Disease regulation
• Water regulation
• Water purification
• Flood attenuation
• Groundwater recharge
Nonmaterial benefits
obtained from
ecosystems
• Spiritual & religious
• Recreation and
ecotourism

14. HumanWell-being: what are its key constituents?
• Has multiple constituents, including
• basic material for a good life,
• freedom and choice,
• health,
• good social relations, and
• security.
• Well- being is at the opposite end of a continuum from poverty, which has been
defined as a “pronounced deprivation in well-being.”
• The constituents of well-being, as experienced and perceived by people, are
situation-dependent, reflecting local geography, culture, and ecological
circumstances.
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15. Ecosystem services from wetlands
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16. Wetlands - Ramsar Convention’s definition
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17. What are the benefits of Wetlands?
• Provide us water,
• Protect us from floods, droughts and other disasters,
• Provide food and livelihoods to millions of people,
• Support rich biodiversity
• Store more carbon than any other ecosystem.
• Contribute directly or indirectly to 75 SDG indicators
• Complex biogeochemical processes maintain functional wetland ecosystems
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18. Tragedy of the Commons
• Individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest,
behave contrary to the whole group's long-term best interests by depleting some
common resource
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19. The Global Goals for Sustainable Development
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20. Areas of Critical Importance for Humanity and the Planet
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People
• Healthy Environment
• Poverty removal
• Education
Planet
• Protect the planet from degradation
• Sustainable consumption and production
• sustainably managing its natural resources
• Preventing & reversing climate change
Prosperity
• Economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature
Peace
• No sustainable development without peace
• No peace without sustainable development
Partnerships

21. Largest business themes in a world economy heading for the Global Goals
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22. FiveTransformational Policies
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Rapid renewable energy growth
• Halving emissions every decade from 2020
Accelerated sustainable food chains
• +1% / year better productivity
New development model in the developing world
• Copying aspects of S-Korean / Chinese / Ethiopian Success
Active inequality reduction
• Ensuring 10% richest < 40% of Income
Investment in educating all, gender equality, health, family planning
• Improves wellbeing with reduced ecological footprint

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Wetlands and biodiversity
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Wetlands and biodiversity
2 February 2020
Wetland biodiversity matters
Loss of wetlands = Loss of biodiversity
End biodiversity loss, restore wetlands
For the climate
30% of land-based carbon
is stored in peatlands
87%
of the world’s wetlands
have been lost globally
in the last 300 years
One million
animal and plant
species threatened
with extinction
Key drivers of wetland loss
• Pollution
• Drainage
• Land conversion
Learn more: WorldWetlandsDay.org #WetlandBiodiversityMatters
For economies
Wetlands provide
USD 47 trillion in essential
services annually
CO2
Wetland species
threatened with extinction
• Reptiles
• Amphibians
• Water birds
• Mammals
For clean water
Swamps and marshes
remove pollutants
For jobs
One billion people depend
on wetlands
for their livelihoods

24. Thank you
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Prof. Ajay Mohan Goel
ajay.goel@bmu.edu.in