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SUSPENSION PHARMACEUTICS-1 BPHARM 1ST YEAR.pdf
- 2. •Suspension is aHeterogeneous coarse dispersion systems containing two phases. External phase/dispersion medium/continuous phase/vehicle/ liquid (e.g., liquid suspensions) or semisolid (e.g., gels) Internal/dispersed phase finely divided (diameter- 0.5 µm to 5 µm) solid particulate matter, insoluble in the external phase.
- 3. KNOW THE DIFFERENCE!!!!! SUSPENSIONSOLUTION EMULSION
- 5. AN IDEAL QUALITYOF SUSPENSION SEDIMENTATION DISPERSION Particle settle down slowly Particle readily re- dispersed on shaking container VISCOSITY Readily and evenly pour from container CAKE FORMATION No hard cake forming of sediment particles on standing
- 6. AN IDEAL QUALITYOF SUSPENSION ELEGANCE PALATABILITY Uniform size of particles Oral: No gritty taste NATURE Physically, chemically, microbiologically inert THIXOTROPIC PROPERTY Gel to sol upon shaking; Sol to gel upon storage External: No irritability Parenteral: Good syringeability and sterilizable
- 8. APPLICATIONS OF SUSPENSIONS •Applicablefor insoluble or poorly soluble drug •Prevent degradation of drug •Mask the bitter taste of drug Oxytetracycline Chloramphenicol palmitate Prednisolone
- 9. APPLICATIONS OF SUSPENSIONS •Parenteralapplication for control rate of absorption •Vaccine •X-ray contrast agent Penicillin procaine Cholera vaccine Barium sulphate •Topical application Calamine lotion (topical suspension)
- 10. CLASSIFICATION OF SUSPENSIONS Suspensionof solid particle Size Colloidal (< 1 micron) Coarse (>1 micron) Nano (10 ng) Electrokinetic Nature Flocculated Deflocculated Proportion Dilute (2 to10%w/v solid) predinisolone acetate Concentrated (50%w/v solid) zinc oxide Route Of Administration Oral Paracetamol Parenteral Procaine penicillin G Ophthalmic Prednisolone External Calamine
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- 12. PROPERTIES DEFLOCCULATED FLOCCULATED PARTICLESExist in separate entities Form loose aggregates (flocs) SEDIMENTATION RATE Slow Fast SEDIMENT STRUCTURE Compact Scaffold-like loose RE-DISPERSION Difficult Easy SUPERNATANT LIQUID Cloudy Clear HARD CAKE Yes No APPEARANCE Pleasing Un-pleasing FLOCCULANT STICK TO SIDES OF BOTTLE No Yes Flocculated Vs deflocculated suspension
- 13. •MAIN INGREDIENTS API: Drugwith non-aqueous stability Vehicle: External liquid vehicle METHODS: a.Structured vehicle aka. Suspending agent b.Controlled flocculation using flocculating agent c.Combination of Flocculation in structured vehicle FORMULATION OF SUSPENSION
- 14. FORMULATION OF SUSPENSION Particle Additionof dispersion medium and wetting agent Uniform dispersion of deflocculated particles DEFLOCCULATED SUSPENSION IN STRUCTURED VEHICLE FLOCCULATED SUSPENSION FLOCCULATED SUSPENSION INCORPORATION OF STRUCTURED VEHICLE FLOCCULATED SUSPENSION IN STRUCTURED VEHICLE
- 15. FORMULATION OF SUSPENSION •EXCIPIENTSUSED 1. Suspending/Thickening Agent 2. Flocculating Agent 3. Deflocculating Agent 4. Wetting Agent 5. Organoleptic Agent 6. Stabilizing Agent 7. Solvent
- 16. EXCIPIENT FUNCTIONS EXAMPLES Structured vechicle/ suspending agent/ thickening agent Hydrophilic colloids Increase the viscosity of the continous phase Give thixotropy to media Aqueous solutions of natural and synthetic gums Applicable only to deflocculated suspensions Entrapped the particle and reduces the sedimentation of particles Not useful for Parenteral suspension because they may create problem in syringeability due to high viscosity. Natural: aliginate Semi-synthetic derivative: methyl cellulose Inorganic: bentonite Synthetic: carbamers Flocculating agent Electrolytes: forms bridge b/w adjacent particles by reducing electric barrier between particles, due to decrease in zeta potential Sodium salts of acetate, phosphate, citrate Non-ionic Surfactant: reduce surface tension Polysorbate 80 Polymers: linear branch chain molecules form gel network within system Starch, alginates Deflocculating agent Aka. Dispersant that reduce viscosity Low molecular weight anionic polymers Polyphosphate EXCIPIENTS USED IN SUSPENSION
- 17. EXCIPIENT FUNCTIONS EXAMPLES Wetting agent Non-polarliquids added to disperse hydrophobic solids in continuous liquid phase Allow penetration of liquid into particle Concentration used is less than 0.5 % Spans and Tweens Organo- leptic agent Flavoring agent Strawberry Sweetening agent Sucrose Coloring agent Sunset yellow Perfumes Rose water Stabilizing agent Preservatives Benzoic acid EDTA Buffers (7.4-8.4.) Carbonates, citrates Osmotic agent - produce osmotic pressure comparable to biological fluids when suspension is to be intended for ophthalmic or injectable preparation Dextrose, ƒ mannitol ƒ sorbitol Humectants - absorb moisture ( 0-10 % w/w) Glycerol Antioxidant Ascorbic acid Solvents Miscible with water and reduce liquid air interfacial tension. Glycerin
- 18. Finely powdered drug+ ingredients 3/4thvehicle added to make cream Rest of the volume is makeup Labelled and corked (shake well before use) 1. Suspension containing diffusible solids Eg. Light kaolin, light magnesium carbonate 2. Suspension containing indiffusible solids Eg. Aspirin, zinc oxide Finely powdered drug+ ingredients+ suspending agent 3/4th vehicle added Trituration with suspending agent (tragacanth mucileage/ compound tragacanth powder) Rest of the volume is makeup Labelled and corked (shake well before use)
- 19. 3. Suspension containingpoorly wettable solids Sulphur and hydrocortisone are insoluble in water and poorly wettable by it, so wetting agent is added. Eg. Sulphur lotion– quilliar tincture as wetting agent 4. Suspension containing precipitate forming liquid Liquid preparation containing resinous matter when mixed with water show precipitation of resin, that stick to walls of container and tolu tincture. Prevention: add tragacanth mucileage Eg. Tolu 5. Suspension produced by precipitation reaction eg. Milk of magnesia suspension prepared by precipitation reaction MgSO4(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) --> Mg(OH)2 (s) + Na2SO4(aq)
- 20. PACKAGING ORAL Wide mouth bottles PARENTERAL Vialsand glass ampoules Materials used 1.Amber colored glass bottles 2. Plastic bottles (polyethylene, polysterene) Closures and Liners With an exception of ampoules all containers required elastomeric closure.
- 21. STORAGE & LABELLING •Shake wellbefore use •Do not freeze •Protect from direct light •In case of dry suspensions powder the specified amount of vehicle to be mixed
- 22. STABILITY STUDIES EVALUATION METHODSOF SUSPENSION 1. Sedimentation method
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- 26. STABILITY STUDIES 4. MICROSCOPICMETHOD Liquid paraffin