Surgical management of mammary tumour in canines
•Download as PPT, PDF•
2 likes•832 views
The document discusses the surgical management of mammary tumors in dogs. It provides background on mammary tumors, including that they are the most common tumors in female dogs, often malignant, and can metastasize to lymph nodes and lungs. It then describes the case of a 10-year old female Labrador that presented with a large, ulcerated mammary tumor. The dog underwent surgical excision of the tumor along with pre-operative medication, anesthesia, and post-operative antibiotic and analgesic treatment.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![MAMMARY TUMOUR (MT) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20/11/2010](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Canine pyometra
Canine pyometra is a uterine infection in intact female dogs that occurs during diestrus. It is caused by bacterial infection, usually E. coli, within the uterus under the influence of progesterone. Clinical signs include vaginal discharge, fever, lethargy, vomiting, and polyuria/polydipsia. Diagnosis involves abdominal palpation, ultrasonography, and clinical pathology. Treatment of choice is ovariohysterectomy, while antibiotics and prostaglandins may be used for medical management in some cases. Prognosis is good with early diagnosis and intervention to prevent systemic complications.
Vagus indigestion
vagus nerve anatomy, its functions, organs it innervates, drugs affecting vagus nerve
vagus indigestion in ruminants (cattle)
Veterinary Gastrointestinal surgery Part-III
The document discusses various gastrointestinal surgical procedures in veterinary medicine, including procedures for treating gastric neoplasms, bloat, and rumen-related issues. Techniques like partial gastrectomy, antrectomy, rumen fistulation, rumenotomy, and rumenostomy are described. Complications from various conditions and the signs, diagnosis, and treatment approaches are also outlined.
Mammary tumors
A 9-year-old dog was seen with a mammary tumor and deep emaciation. Approximately 50% of mammary tumors in dogs are malignant, metastasizing to local lymph nodes and lungs. An aggressive type of mammary tumor seen in dogs is inflammatory carcinoma, which causes swelling of the mammary glands and other signs like inappetence and weakness. Surgical treatment options include lumpectomy, mammectomy, and regional or radical mastectomy, with adjuvant therapy sometimes used as well.
Amputation
This document discusses tail amputation procedures in various animal species. It describes the anatomy of the tail and indications for amputation such as trauma, infection, or cosmetic purposes. The procedure typically involves clipping and preparing the tail, retracting the skin, identifying the desired transection site, ligating vessels, disarticulating the tail between vertebrae, and suturing skin edges. Considerations for puppies, adults, and different animal species are provided. Complications can include tetanus or vertebral necrosis.
Cystitis in domestic animals
This document discusses cystitis, or inflammation of the urinary bladder. It notes that cystitis can be caused by trauma, ascending or descending infections, iatrogenic factors, nutritional issues, urinary stasis, hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, and rare neoplasms. Common symptoms in dogs and cats include frequent and painful urination, cloudy urine, abdominal pain, and dullness. Diagnosis involves urinalysis, culture and sensitivity testing, ultrasound or cystoscopy. Treatment focuses on removing the cause, managing pain and inflammation, flushing out organisms, correcting urine pH, and controlling infections with antibiotics based on sensitivity testing.
Colic in horses
This document provides an overview of colic in horses. It begins by defining colic as acute abdominal pain in horses. Colic can be classified as spasmodic, tympanitic, obstructive, or impactive. Spasmodic colic involves hypermotility of the intestines. Tympanitic colic is caused by gas accumulation in the intestines. Obstructive colic blocks intestinal passages, while impactive colic specifically involves food or other material blocking the stomach or intestines. The document discusses causes, signs, diagnosis, and treatment for each type of colic. Common signs of colic include pawing, looking at the flank, lip curling, rolling, and abdominal distension
Affection of guttral pouch
This document discusses the anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment of guttural pouch diseases in horses. It describes the guttural pouch as a mucous sac located in the cranial cavity that connects the pharynx to the eustachian tube. Common guttural pouch diseases include empyema (accumulation of exudate), emphysema (abnormal filling with air), and impactions. Diagnosis involves endoscopy, radiography, or ultrasound imaging of the pouch. Treatment involves systemic antibiotics, flushing the pouch, or surgical drainage and removal of debris through approaches like Viborg's triangle or hyovertebrotomy. Post-operative care includes antibiotics, analgesics
Recommended
Canine pyometra
Canine pyometra is a uterine infection in intact female dogs that occurs during diestrus. It is caused by bacterial infection, usually E. coli, within the uterus under the influence of progesterone. Clinical signs include vaginal discharge, fever, lethargy, vomiting, and polyuria/polydipsia. Diagnosis involves abdominal palpation, ultrasonography, and clinical pathology. Treatment of choice is ovariohysterectomy, while antibiotics and prostaglandins may be used for medical management in some cases. Prognosis is good with early diagnosis and intervention to prevent systemic complications.
Vagus indigestion
vagus nerve anatomy, its functions, organs it innervates, drugs affecting vagus nerve
vagus indigestion in ruminants (cattle)
Veterinary Gastrointestinal surgery Part-III
The document discusses various gastrointestinal surgical procedures in veterinary medicine, including procedures for treating gastric neoplasms, bloat, and rumen-related issues. Techniques like partial gastrectomy, antrectomy, rumen fistulation, rumenotomy, and rumenostomy are described. Complications from various conditions and the signs, diagnosis, and treatment approaches are also outlined.
Mammary tumors
A 9-year-old dog was seen with a mammary tumor and deep emaciation. Approximately 50% of mammary tumors in dogs are malignant, metastasizing to local lymph nodes and lungs. An aggressive type of mammary tumor seen in dogs is inflammatory carcinoma, which causes swelling of the mammary glands and other signs like inappetence and weakness. Surgical treatment options include lumpectomy, mammectomy, and regional or radical mastectomy, with adjuvant therapy sometimes used as well.
Amputation
This document discusses tail amputation procedures in various animal species. It describes the anatomy of the tail and indications for amputation such as trauma, infection, or cosmetic purposes. The procedure typically involves clipping and preparing the tail, retracting the skin, identifying the desired transection site, ligating vessels, disarticulating the tail between vertebrae, and suturing skin edges. Considerations for puppies, adults, and different animal species are provided. Complications can include tetanus or vertebral necrosis.
Cystitis in domestic animals
This document discusses cystitis, or inflammation of the urinary bladder. It notes that cystitis can be caused by trauma, ascending or descending infections, iatrogenic factors, nutritional issues, urinary stasis, hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, and rare neoplasms. Common symptoms in dogs and cats include frequent and painful urination, cloudy urine, abdominal pain, and dullness. Diagnosis involves urinalysis, culture and sensitivity testing, ultrasound or cystoscopy. Treatment focuses on removing the cause, managing pain and inflammation, flushing out organisms, correcting urine pH, and controlling infections with antibiotics based on sensitivity testing.
Colic in horses
This document provides an overview of colic in horses. It begins by defining colic as acute abdominal pain in horses. Colic can be classified as spasmodic, tympanitic, obstructive, or impactive. Spasmodic colic involves hypermotility of the intestines. Tympanitic colic is caused by gas accumulation in the intestines. Obstructive colic blocks intestinal passages, while impactive colic specifically involves food or other material blocking the stomach or intestines. The document discusses causes, signs, diagnosis, and treatment for each type of colic. Common signs of colic include pawing, looking at the flank, lip curling, rolling, and abdominal distension
Affection of guttral pouch
This document discusses the anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment of guttural pouch diseases in horses. It describes the guttural pouch as a mucous sac located in the cranial cavity that connects the pharynx to the eustachian tube. Common guttural pouch diseases include empyema (accumulation of exudate), emphysema (abnormal filling with air), and impactions. Diagnosis involves endoscopy, radiography, or ultrasound imaging of the pouch. Treatment involves systemic antibiotics, flushing the pouch, or surgical drainage and removal of debris through approaches like Viborg's triangle or hyovertebrotomy. Post-operative care includes antibiotics, analgesics
Ascites in domestic animals
Ascites refers to an accumulation of non-inflammatory fluid in the peritoneal cavity, characterized by a distended lower abdomen. It can be caused by decreased plasma protein levels, increased hydrostatic pressure, or liver or kidney damage. Clinically, affected animals have an enlarged, barrel-shaped abdomen with fluid waves visible on palpation. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound or paracentesis to analyze fluid characteristics. Treatment focuses on resolving underlying causes, increasing plasma proteins, diuretics to promote fluid excretion, and draining excess fluid in severe cases.
Cronic Endometritis in Cow
This document defines and discusses endometritis, a condition where the endometrium (lining of the uterus) becomes inflamed. It outlines predisposing factors like retained placenta or difficult birth. The principal microorganisms involved are Actinomyces pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Clinical signs include a white vaginal discharge and failure to conceive. Diagnosis involves history, examination, culture and biopsy. Treatment consists of intrauterine and parenteral antibiotics, hormonal therapy with estradiol and oxytocin, and supportive care like cleaning and balanced diet. Management focuses on keeping the animal in a hygienic environment.
Intestinal obstruction in small animals
This document discusses the management of intestinal obstructions in small animals like dogs and cats. It covers general principles like fluid therapy, antibiotic prophylaxis, assessing intestinal viability, choices for suture materials and patterns for enteric closure. It also discusses various surgical techniques like enterotomy, enterectomy, intestinal resection and anastomosis. Various causes of obstruction are explained like intussusception, mesenteric volvulus, intestinal neoplasms and foreign bodies. Post-operative complications and other conditions causing obstruction are also outlined.
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis , traumatic pericarditis
The document summarizes traumatic reticular perforation (TRP) in cattle. TRP occurs when a sharp foreign body penetrates the wall of the reticulum, causing acute local peritonitis. Clinical signs include abdominal pain, anorexia, and fever. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound or laparoscopy to detect foreign bodies. Treatment involves surgical removal of foreign bodies via rumenotomy. Complications can include peritonitis, abscesses, and traumatic pericarditis if the foreign body penetrates the diaphragm. Prognosis is poor if complications like pericarditis develop.
Minor surgical affections
This document provides information on minor surgical procedures in animals including amputation of tails, dehorning, and disbudding of calves. It describes the indications and preparation for tail amputation, including clipping hair and epidural anesthesia. The procedure involves making dorsal and ventral skin flaps, ligating vessels, and disarticulating the joint. For dehorning, it recommends sedation or general anesthesia and cornual nerve block, then making an elliptical incision and sawing off the exposed horn. Disbudding of calves is removing horn buds when they are button-like in size from 5-15 days using nerve block and either a hot iron, caustic chemicals, or silver nitrate.
History taking of animals
Taking history of animals is the most important part of the clinical examination as animals cannot describe their own symptoms. The veterinarian must carefully examine the animal and assess the accuracy of the owner's history. It is essential to handle the owner with diplomacy and use non-technical language, as livestock owners may not understand technical terms. Relevant history includes the owner's name, species/breed, disease history, present illness details, previous exposure, previous disease, and management history including nutrition, breeding, housing and handling. The goal is to determine if any changes preceded the disease appearance.
Field anesthesia canine feline
The document discusses guidelines for canine and feline anesthesia under field conditions, including fasting protocols, the importance of intravenous access, chemical restraint options for dogs and cats, and anesthetic protocols using combinations of drugs like atropine, acepromazine, ketamine, diazepam, xylazine, and propofol. Proper restraint techniques are also covered, emphasizing using the minimum force needed to safely perform procedures and avoiding stressing the animal.
Canine ehrlichiosis
Dr. Ram Chander Tiwari presented a seminar on Canine Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis. The disease is caused by Ehrlichia canis bacteria and transmitted by the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Clinical signs include fever, lethargy, anemia, and hemorrhaging. Diagnosis involves detecting antibodies, observing morulae in blood smears, or PCR testing. Treatment involves doxycycline or tetracycline antibiotics for 3-4 weeks along with supportive care. Prevention focuses on tick control and testing dogs before introduction to kennels.
Renal failure in dogs dr ghanem 2018
1. Renal failure occurs when 75% of kidney function is lost and can be classified as pre-renal, primary renal, or post-renal depending on the underlying cause.
2. Acute renal failure is a sudden loss of kidney function that is potentially reversible, while chronic renal failure is a progressive and irreversible condition resulting from gradual nephron death over time.
3. Clinical signs of acute renal failure include decreased urine output and increased BUN and creatinine levels that can progress through oliguric and polyuric phases before possible functional recovery. Treatment focuses on identifying and removing the cause while maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and
Gastric dilatation volvulus
Explanation of Gastric Dilatation-Vovulus in canine patients. Also known as GDV, this condition generally affects larger dog breeds.
Diaphragmatic hernia
Hernia is defined as the protrusion of body cavity contents through an opening in the cavity wall. A hernia consists of a ring, sac, and contents. Diaphragmatic hernia is the passage of abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity through a congenital or acquired opening in the diaphragm. Clinical signs include reduced appetite, bloating, and breathing difficulties. Diagnosis involves physical exam, x-rays, and exploratory surgery. Surgical repair involves replacing herniated organs, closing diaphragmatic openings, and suturing muscle layers. Postoperative care focuses on respiratory support, antibiotics, and pain management.
Affection of horn
The document discusses horn anatomy and affections in cattle. It notes that horns are formed by the frontal bones and become hollow. The base is thin and the horn thickens towards the apex. Blood and nerve supply are described. Major horn affections include avulsion, fracture, and horn cancer. Treatment for fractures may include amputation. Dehorning involves removing the horn at the base through elliptical incision and sawing. Disbudding young calves removes small horn buds using a caustic compound or hot iron. Procedures are done with local anesthesia and analgesia.
Presetation on rumen impaction lactic acidosis final osr
1. Rumen impaction occurs when there is a blockage of the rumen due to excessive or improper feeding, leading to conditions like rumen atony, diarrhea, and abdominal distension.
2. Grain overload/lactic acidosis is a common cause of rumen impaction in ruminants, occurring when large quantities of grains are consumed rapidly. This lowers rumen pH and favors growth of lactic acid producing bacteria, causing metabolic acidosis.
3. Clinical signs of rumen impaction/grain overload include depression, incoordination, diarrhea, dehydration, and potentially death. Post-mortem examination reveals porridge-like rumen contents, hemorrhages on
Angels presenting chronic patellar luxation in cattle.by pavul
Patellar luxation is a non-inflammatory disorder of the femoropatellar articulation in cattle and dogs where the patella is displaced from its normal position. In cattle, it causes jerky limb movements and an extended limb stance. Surgical treatment involves cutting the medial patellar ligament to allow the patella to move freely. In dogs, it causes intermittent lameness and abnormal gaits. Surgical options aim to deepen the trochlear groove or reinforce the lateral soft tissues to stabilize the patella.
TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR N DOGS
For Vets and pet lovers.... complete details about TVT in dogs and its management along with treatment aspects
Reproductive Physiology and Breeding Management in Bitch
The document discusses reproductive physiology and breeding management in bitches. It covers topics like the ovarian cycle, signs of estrus, optimum mating times determined by vaginal cytology and hormones, pregnancy diagnosis and signs of impending parturition. Common reproductive problems mentioned include pyometra, dystocia from uterine inertia, prolonged heat and false pregnancy. Guidelines are provided for breeding management including timing of matings based on the estrous cycle and evaluating pregnancy through ultrasound rather than physical signs alone.
Restrain and Immobilization of wildlife
This document provides guidance on safely rescuing and immobilizing wild animals. It discusses managing different rescue scenarios for animals trapped in wells, houses, or traps. It emphasizes controlling crowds, examining animals for injuries, and following standard operating procedures. The document also covers capturing techniques, caring for rescued animals, reunifying animal families, and principles of chemical immobilization. In all cases, it stresses having a veterinarian present, ensuring safety, and properly handling tranquilized animals according to protocols.
Ovariohysterectomy in bitch
This document describes the procedure for ovariohysterectomy (spaying) in dogs. It discusses the indications for spaying, including birth control, uterine diseases, and reducing risks of certain cancers. It outlines the pre-anesthetic drugs commonly used like atropine, xylazine, ketamine and diazepam. The steps of the surgical technique are explained, including making a midline incision, exteriorizing the uterus, clamping and ligating the ovarian pedicles, and closing in layers. The required equipment is also listed.
Perineal hernia in dogs
This document discusses perineal hernia in dogs. It begins by defining hernia and classifying hernias based on location, functional alterations, and contents. It then describes perineal hernia specifically, noting that it is abnormal protrusion of pelvic or abdominal viscera through the pelvic diaphragm. Causes include straining, congenital weakness, trauma, and breed disposition. Diagnosis involves palpating a perineal swelling and signs like constipation. Treatment is usually surgical herniorrhaphy to repair the hernial ring. The document concludes by presenting a case study of surgical repair of a left perineal hernia in a dog.
Abscess hematoma & maggot wound
The document discusses different types of wounds and injuries in animals including abscesses, hematomas, maggot wounds, horn avulsions, and yoke galls. It provides details on the causes, signs, diagnosis, and treatment for each condition. Abscesses are pus-filled collections caused by bacteria that form a pyogenic membrane and wall. Hematomas are blood collections due to vein damage. Maggot wounds occur when fly larvae infest wounds. Horn and hoof avulsions involve actual tissue loss from traumatic injuries. Yoke galls are localized skin inflammations in bulls caused by friction from yokes.
multipleendocrineneoplasiamensyndromes-180316184612.pdf
This document provides information on multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes. It describes MEN type 1 and type 2, including their characteristic manifestations and genetic causes. MEN type 1 is associated with tumors of the parathyroid, pancreas and pituitary glands, and is caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene. MEN type 2 involves medullary thyroid cancer and pheochromocytoma, and is caused by RET gene mutations. The document outlines the clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, management approaches, and treatment strategies for the various tumors involved in each type of MEN.
Thyroid
This document discusses the classification, clinical features, diagnosis and management of thyroid malignancies. It describes the main types as differentiated (papillary and follicular), medullary, and undifferentiated (anaplastic). Papillary carcinoma is the most common and has a good prognosis. Follicular carcinoma has a greater risk of metastases. Medullary carcinoma arises from C-cells and may be part of MEN syndrome. Anaplastic carcinoma has a very poor prognosis. Surgical resection with lymph node dissection is the main treatment, along with radioiodine ablation for differentiated types. Targeted therapies are used for advanced or metastatic disease.
More Related Content
What's hot
Ascites in domestic animals
Ascites refers to an accumulation of non-inflammatory fluid in the peritoneal cavity, characterized by a distended lower abdomen. It can be caused by decreased plasma protein levels, increased hydrostatic pressure, or liver or kidney damage. Clinically, affected animals have an enlarged, barrel-shaped abdomen with fluid waves visible on palpation. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound or paracentesis to analyze fluid characteristics. Treatment focuses on resolving underlying causes, increasing plasma proteins, diuretics to promote fluid excretion, and draining excess fluid in severe cases.
Cronic Endometritis in Cow
This document defines and discusses endometritis, a condition where the endometrium (lining of the uterus) becomes inflamed. It outlines predisposing factors like retained placenta or difficult birth. The principal microorganisms involved are Actinomyces pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Clinical signs include a white vaginal discharge and failure to conceive. Diagnosis involves history, examination, culture and biopsy. Treatment consists of intrauterine and parenteral antibiotics, hormonal therapy with estradiol and oxytocin, and supportive care like cleaning and balanced diet. Management focuses on keeping the animal in a hygienic environment.
Intestinal obstruction in small animals
This document discusses the management of intestinal obstructions in small animals like dogs and cats. It covers general principles like fluid therapy, antibiotic prophylaxis, assessing intestinal viability, choices for suture materials and patterns for enteric closure. It also discusses various surgical techniques like enterotomy, enterectomy, intestinal resection and anastomosis. Various causes of obstruction are explained like intussusception, mesenteric volvulus, intestinal neoplasms and foreign bodies. Post-operative complications and other conditions causing obstruction are also outlined.
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis , traumatic pericarditis
The document summarizes traumatic reticular perforation (TRP) in cattle. TRP occurs when a sharp foreign body penetrates the wall of the reticulum, causing acute local peritonitis. Clinical signs include abdominal pain, anorexia, and fever. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound or laparoscopy to detect foreign bodies. Treatment involves surgical removal of foreign bodies via rumenotomy. Complications can include peritonitis, abscesses, and traumatic pericarditis if the foreign body penetrates the diaphragm. Prognosis is poor if complications like pericarditis develop.
Minor surgical affections
This document provides information on minor surgical procedures in animals including amputation of tails, dehorning, and disbudding of calves. It describes the indications and preparation for tail amputation, including clipping hair and epidural anesthesia. The procedure involves making dorsal and ventral skin flaps, ligating vessels, and disarticulating the joint. For dehorning, it recommends sedation or general anesthesia and cornual nerve block, then making an elliptical incision and sawing off the exposed horn. Disbudding of calves is removing horn buds when they are button-like in size from 5-15 days using nerve block and either a hot iron, caustic chemicals, or silver nitrate.
History taking of animals
Taking history of animals is the most important part of the clinical examination as animals cannot describe their own symptoms. The veterinarian must carefully examine the animal and assess the accuracy of the owner's history. It is essential to handle the owner with diplomacy and use non-technical language, as livestock owners may not understand technical terms. Relevant history includes the owner's name, species/breed, disease history, present illness details, previous exposure, previous disease, and management history including nutrition, breeding, housing and handling. The goal is to determine if any changes preceded the disease appearance.
Field anesthesia canine feline
The document discusses guidelines for canine and feline anesthesia under field conditions, including fasting protocols, the importance of intravenous access, chemical restraint options for dogs and cats, and anesthetic protocols using combinations of drugs like atropine, acepromazine, ketamine, diazepam, xylazine, and propofol. Proper restraint techniques are also covered, emphasizing using the minimum force needed to safely perform procedures and avoiding stressing the animal.
Canine ehrlichiosis
Dr. Ram Chander Tiwari presented a seminar on Canine Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis. The disease is caused by Ehrlichia canis bacteria and transmitted by the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Clinical signs include fever, lethargy, anemia, and hemorrhaging. Diagnosis involves detecting antibodies, observing morulae in blood smears, or PCR testing. Treatment involves doxycycline or tetracycline antibiotics for 3-4 weeks along with supportive care. Prevention focuses on tick control and testing dogs before introduction to kennels.
Renal failure in dogs dr ghanem 2018
1. Renal failure occurs when 75% of kidney function is lost and can be classified as pre-renal, primary renal, or post-renal depending on the underlying cause.
2. Acute renal failure is a sudden loss of kidney function that is potentially reversible, while chronic renal failure is a progressive and irreversible condition resulting from gradual nephron death over time.
3. Clinical signs of acute renal failure include decreased urine output and increased BUN and creatinine levels that can progress through oliguric and polyuric phases before possible functional recovery. Treatment focuses on identifying and removing the cause while maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and
Gastric dilatation volvulus
Explanation of Gastric Dilatation-Vovulus in canine patients. Also known as GDV, this condition generally affects larger dog breeds.
Diaphragmatic hernia
Hernia is defined as the protrusion of body cavity contents through an opening in the cavity wall. A hernia consists of a ring, sac, and contents. Diaphragmatic hernia is the passage of abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity through a congenital or acquired opening in the diaphragm. Clinical signs include reduced appetite, bloating, and breathing difficulties. Diagnosis involves physical exam, x-rays, and exploratory surgery. Surgical repair involves replacing herniated organs, closing diaphragmatic openings, and suturing muscle layers. Postoperative care focuses on respiratory support, antibiotics, and pain management.
Affection of horn
The document discusses horn anatomy and affections in cattle. It notes that horns are formed by the frontal bones and become hollow. The base is thin and the horn thickens towards the apex. Blood and nerve supply are described. Major horn affections include avulsion, fracture, and horn cancer. Treatment for fractures may include amputation. Dehorning involves removing the horn at the base through elliptical incision and sawing. Disbudding young calves removes small horn buds using a caustic compound or hot iron. Procedures are done with local anesthesia and analgesia.
Presetation on rumen impaction lactic acidosis final osr
1. Rumen impaction occurs when there is a blockage of the rumen due to excessive or improper feeding, leading to conditions like rumen atony, diarrhea, and abdominal distension.
2. Grain overload/lactic acidosis is a common cause of rumen impaction in ruminants, occurring when large quantities of grains are consumed rapidly. This lowers rumen pH and favors growth of lactic acid producing bacteria, causing metabolic acidosis.
3. Clinical signs of rumen impaction/grain overload include depression, incoordination, diarrhea, dehydration, and potentially death. Post-mortem examination reveals porridge-like rumen contents, hemorrhages on
Angels presenting chronic patellar luxation in cattle.by pavul
Patellar luxation is a non-inflammatory disorder of the femoropatellar articulation in cattle and dogs where the patella is displaced from its normal position. In cattle, it causes jerky limb movements and an extended limb stance. Surgical treatment involves cutting the medial patellar ligament to allow the patella to move freely. In dogs, it causes intermittent lameness and abnormal gaits. Surgical options aim to deepen the trochlear groove or reinforce the lateral soft tissues to stabilize the patella.
TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR N DOGS
For Vets and pet lovers.... complete details about TVT in dogs and its management along with treatment aspects
Reproductive Physiology and Breeding Management in Bitch
The document discusses reproductive physiology and breeding management in bitches. It covers topics like the ovarian cycle, signs of estrus, optimum mating times determined by vaginal cytology and hormones, pregnancy diagnosis and signs of impending parturition. Common reproductive problems mentioned include pyometra, dystocia from uterine inertia, prolonged heat and false pregnancy. Guidelines are provided for breeding management including timing of matings based on the estrous cycle and evaluating pregnancy through ultrasound rather than physical signs alone.
Restrain and Immobilization of wildlife
This document provides guidance on safely rescuing and immobilizing wild animals. It discusses managing different rescue scenarios for animals trapped in wells, houses, or traps. It emphasizes controlling crowds, examining animals for injuries, and following standard operating procedures. The document also covers capturing techniques, caring for rescued animals, reunifying animal families, and principles of chemical immobilization. In all cases, it stresses having a veterinarian present, ensuring safety, and properly handling tranquilized animals according to protocols.
Ovariohysterectomy in bitch
This document describes the procedure for ovariohysterectomy (spaying) in dogs. It discusses the indications for spaying, including birth control, uterine diseases, and reducing risks of certain cancers. It outlines the pre-anesthetic drugs commonly used like atropine, xylazine, ketamine and diazepam. The steps of the surgical technique are explained, including making a midline incision, exteriorizing the uterus, clamping and ligating the ovarian pedicles, and closing in layers. The required equipment is also listed.
Perineal hernia in dogs
This document discusses perineal hernia in dogs. It begins by defining hernia and classifying hernias based on location, functional alterations, and contents. It then describes perineal hernia specifically, noting that it is abnormal protrusion of pelvic or abdominal viscera through the pelvic diaphragm. Causes include straining, congenital weakness, trauma, and breed disposition. Diagnosis involves palpating a perineal swelling and signs like constipation. Treatment is usually surgical herniorrhaphy to repair the hernial ring. The document concludes by presenting a case study of surgical repair of a left perineal hernia in a dog.
Abscess hematoma & maggot wound
The document discusses different types of wounds and injuries in animals including abscesses, hematomas, maggot wounds, horn avulsions, and yoke galls. It provides details on the causes, signs, diagnosis, and treatment for each condition. Abscesses are pus-filled collections caused by bacteria that form a pyogenic membrane and wall. Hematomas are blood collections due to vein damage. Maggot wounds occur when fly larvae infest wounds. Horn and hoof avulsions involve actual tissue loss from traumatic injuries. Yoke galls are localized skin inflammations in bulls caused by friction from yokes.
What's hot (20)
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis , traumatic pericarditis
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis , traumatic pericarditis
Presetation on rumen impaction lactic acidosis final osr
Presetation on rumen impaction lactic acidosis final osr
Angels presenting chronic patellar luxation in cattle.by pavul
Angels presenting chronic patellar luxation in cattle.by pavul
Reproductive Physiology and Breeding Management in Bitch
Reproductive Physiology and Breeding Management in Bitch
Similar to Surgical management of mammary tumour in canines
multipleendocrineneoplasiamensyndromes-180316184612.pdf
This document provides information on multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes. It describes MEN type 1 and type 2, including their characteristic manifestations and genetic causes. MEN type 1 is associated with tumors of the parathyroid, pancreas and pituitary glands, and is caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene. MEN type 2 involves medullary thyroid cancer and pheochromocytoma, and is caused by RET gene mutations. The document outlines the clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, management approaches, and treatment strategies for the various tumors involved in each type of MEN.
Thyroid
This document discusses the classification, clinical features, diagnosis and management of thyroid malignancies. It describes the main types as differentiated (papillary and follicular), medullary, and undifferentiated (anaplastic). Papillary carcinoma is the most common and has a good prognosis. Follicular carcinoma has a greater risk of metastases. Medullary carcinoma arises from C-cells and may be part of MEN syndrome. Anaplastic carcinoma has a very poor prognosis. Surgical resection with lymph node dissection is the main treatment, along with radioiodine ablation for differentiated types. Targeted therapies are used for advanced or metastatic disease.
Classification of pitutary tumor & their management
The document discusses classification and management of pituitary tumors. It notes that pituitary tumors constitute 12-15% of all brain tumors and are commonly adenomas. It classifies pituitary tumors based on hormone secretion, size, and histological staining. Treatment approaches include medication, surgery such as trans-sphenoidal resection, and radiation therapy. Specific treatments are discussed for types of tumors such as prolactinomas, acromegaly, and Cushing's disease. Surgical techniques, risks, and postoperative management are also outlined.
Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare tumors comprising 2-4% of pancreatic tumors. They originate from endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The most common functional PNETs are insulinomas, gastrinomas, glucagonomas, VIPomas, and somatostatinomas. PNETs are classified based on their malignant potential. Treatment involves surgical resection of localized tumors along with management of hormone hypersecretion. PNETs may also be associated with genetic syndromes like MEN1.
Endometrium cancer
The document provides information about endometrial cancer, including:
- It is cancer of the endometrium, the lining of the uterus.
- Risk factors include excess estrogen exposure, tamoxifen use, obesity, diabetes.
- Symptoms include abnormal bleeding and discharge.
- Diagnosis involves endometrial biopsy and hysteroscopy.
- Treatment depends on stage but typically involves surgery (often hysterectomy) and may include radiation, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy.
Carcinoma Of Thyroid Gland
This document provides an overview of carcinoma of the thyroid gland, including epidemiology, causes and risk factors, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. Some key points include:
- Papillary carcinoma is the most common type, accounting for around 80% of cases.
- Risk factors include radiation exposure, family history, and chronic iodine deficiency.
- Clinical presentation varies depending on the type but commonly includes a neck mass or lymph node enlargement.
- Diagnosis involves laboratory tests, imaging like ultrasound, and fine needle aspiration biopsy.
- Treatment options include surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Surgical management depends on factors like tumor size and
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. It occurs due to an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. There are two main types - in situ (non-invasive) and invasive (has spread). Diagnosis involves mammograms, ultrasounds, biopsies and other tests. Treatment depends on cancer stage but commonly includes surgery (mastectomy or lumpectomy), chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and targeted monoclonal antibody therapy. Risk factors include obesity, family history, lifestyle factors. Early detection through screening and awareness is important for improved outcomes.
Carcinoma of endometrium
Carcinoma of the endometrium is one of the most common gynecological cancers, especially in postmenopausal white women. There is no effective screening program. Risk factors include estrogen exposure, obesity, and nulliparity. Symptoms include postmenopausal bleeding. Diagnosis involves endometrial biopsy. Treatment depends on staging and includes surgery with radiation or chemotherapy for advanced cases. Prognosis depends on staging, histology, and treatment received.
Breast cancer presentation slides for learning
breast cancer, diagnosis of breast cancer , aetiology of breast cancer, pathophysiologyy of breast cancers, drugs for the treatment of breast cancers, counselling points for breast cancers and education , surgical inyerventions in breast cancer, types of surgical intervention , chemotherapy in breast cancers,
Terminal illness care
The document discusses the leading causes of death worldwide due to illnesses like heart disease, malignant neoplasms, and cerebrovascular disease. It then covers various risk factors for cancer and heart disease, including smoking and diet. The rest of the document details cancer treatment methods such as staging and surgery, as well as principles of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, and molecularly targeted agents. It provides examples of cancers that may be cured through chemotherapy alone or in combination with other treatments.
Approach to pituitary_tumours
The document discusses the anatomy, physiology, and pathologies of the pituitary gland. It begins by describing the normal anatomy of the pituitary, including its location and that it is divided into anterior and posterior lobes. It then discusses the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary and the epidemiology of pituitary adenomas. Various types of pituitary tumors and other sellar masses are outlined. The natural history, clinical presentations, evaluation, and treatment options for pituitary tumors are summarized, including pharmacotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. Specific details are provided about prolactinomas, acromegaly, and Cushing's disease.
Approach to pituitary tumours
The document discusses the anatomy, physiology, and pathologies of the pituitary gland. It begins by describing the normal anatomy of the pituitary, including its location and that it is divided into anterior and posterior lobes. It then discusses the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary and various pituitary tumors and masses that can occur, such as prolactinomas, Cushing's disease, and acromegaly. It provides details on evaluating pituitary tumors, treatment options which include surgery, medication, and radiation, and management of specific tumor types.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (men) syndromes
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 is characterized by tumors of the parathyroid glands, pancreas, and pituitary gland. It is caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene which codes for the menin protein. Patients with MEN1 often present with hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, or prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging to identify affected organs. Treatment depends on the specific tumors but may include parathyroidectomy, surgical removal of pancreatic tumors, and medication for functional tumors. Ongoing screening is important due to the risk of additional tumors developing over time.
Carcinoma Of Thyroid Gland
This document provides an overview of carcinoma of the thyroid gland, including epidemiology, causes and risk factors, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. Some key points are:
- Papillary carcinoma is the most common type, accounting for around 80% of cases.
- Risk factors include radiation exposure, family history, and chronic iodine deficiency.
- Clinical presentation varies depending on the type but commonly includes a solitary thyroid nodule or enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
- Diagnosis involves laboratory tests, imaging like ultrasound, and fine needle aspiration biopsy.
- Treatment options include surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, chemotherapy, and thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
pranaya ppt Management of nsgct
This document discusses testicular cancer, including:
- Risk factors include history of undescended testes, contralateral testicular tumor, or Klinefelter syndrome.
- Tumors are classified as germ cell tumors (most common), interstitial cell tumors, lymphoma, or other rare tumors.
- Seminoma and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) are the main types of germ cell tumors.
- Diagnostic workup includes scrotal ultrasound, serum tumor markers, chest imaging and lymph node assessment to determine clinical stage according to the TNM system.
MESOTHELIOMA (pleural) Management.pptx
Diagnosis: Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial. It involves imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, as well as biopsies to confirm the presence of pleural mesothelioma.
Treatment options: The management of pleural mesothelioma typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the stage and extent of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health.
Surgical interventions: Surgical options may include pleurectomy/decortication (removal of the affected tissue lining the lungs) or extrapleural pneumonectomy (removal of the affected lung, lining, and nearby structures). These procedures aim to remove as much of the cancerous tissue as possible.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs are often used to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. They can be administered orally or through intravenous infusions. Sometimes, chemotherapy is given before surgery to shrink tumors and after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells.
Radiation therapy: This treatment involves the use of high-energy X-rays or other radiation sources to target and destroy cancer cells. It can be used before or after surgery, or as a standalone treatment to alleviate symptoms and manage the disease.
Palliative care: Palliative care focuses on improving the quality of life for patients by managing pain, reducing symptoms, and providing emotional and psychological support. It can be integrated into the treatment plan at any stage of the disease.
BM
The document discusses surgical and treatment options for breast cancer, including:
1) Local therapy options like mastectomy, lumpectomy, and radiation therapy. Mastectomy can be total, modified radical, or with reconstruction. Lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy provides equivalent survival to mastectomy.
2) Systemic therapy options like chemotherapy, endocrine therapy using tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies like Herceptin for HER2-positive cancers.
3) Adjuvant therapy is given after surgery to kill micrometastases and residual disease, with recommendations based on tumor size, hormone receptor status, and nodal status.
Breast cancer
This presentation covers all the basic aspects regarding the breast cancer including the introduction, types, causes, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer
Uterine Sarcomas - Testing
This document discusses uterine sarcomas, including leiomyosarcomas, endometrial stromal sarcomas, and adenosarcomas. It provides the 2009 FIGO staging criteria for these cancers and uterine cancer. For each type of uterine sarcoma, it describes treatment based on stage, including surgery, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy. It discusses features of leiomyomas versus leiomyosarcomas and provides recommendations for follow-up after treatment and evaluation of smooth muscle tumors.
Endocrine tumours
This document discusses various types of endocrine tumours, including those originating in the pancreas, stomach, small bowel, and lungs. It provides details on insulinomas, gastrinomas, non-functional pancreatic endocrine tumours, rare functioning tumours, and neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. For each type of tumour, the document outlines characteristics such as incidence, location, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management approaches.
Similar to Surgical management of mammary tumour in canines (20)
multipleendocrineneoplasiamensyndromes-180316184612.pdf
multipleendocrineneoplasiamensyndromes-180316184612.pdf
Classification of pitutary tumor & their management
Classification of pitutary tumor & their management
Recently uploaded
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
All info about Diabetes and how to control it.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Answers Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Stuvia
vonoprazan A novel drug for GERD presentation
Vonoprazan, a new potassium acid channel blocker used in the conditions of GERD and gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer ....
LOOPS in orthodontics t loop bull loop vertical loop mushroom loop stop loop
vertical loop
horizontal loop
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Recently uploaded (20)
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...
LOOPS in orthodontics t loop bull loop vertical loop mushroom loop stop loop
LOOPS in orthodontics t loop bull loop vertical loop mushroom loop stop loop
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Surgical management of mammary tumour in canines
- 1. “ SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF MAMMARY TUMOUR IN CANINE” Presented By – Dr. Manzoor Ahmad bhat m. v. sc. Scholar Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology
- 17. 20/11/2010