The document provides information about endometrial cancer, including:
- It is cancer of the endometrium, the lining of the uterus.
- Risk factors include excess estrogen exposure, tamoxifen use, obesity, diabetes.
- Symptoms include abnormal bleeding and discharge.
- Diagnosis involves endometrial biopsy and hysteroscopy.
- Treatment depends on stage but typically involves surgery (often hysterectomy) and may include radiation, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy.
Endometrial Cancer is a malignancy that arises from the lining of the uterus, endometrium.
It is the most common gynaelogical cancer in developing countries, while in developed countries it is the second most common cancer, behind cervical cancer.
• In year 2012 a total of 320,000 new cases were recorded.
• Globally, it is the sixth most common cancer in women, fourteenth most common overall.
• In Peninsular Malaysia, it is the seventh most common cancer in women, according to Malaysian cancer Registry 2006.
• It is rare among women younger than 40 years.
• Peak incidence occurring at age 60-69.
• Majority are of Chinese ethnicity (47.5%), followed by Malays (41.6%) and Indian (10.9%).
Cancer that
forms in the tissue lining the uterus (the small, hollow, pear-shaped
organ in a woman's pelvis in which a fetus develops). Most endometrial
cancers are adenocarcinomas (cancers that begin in cells that make and
release mucus and other fluids).
NCI
Endometrial Cancer is a malignancy that arises from the lining of the uterus, endometrium.
It is the most common gynaelogical cancer in developing countries, while in developed countries it is the second most common cancer, behind cervical cancer.
• In year 2012 a total of 320,000 new cases were recorded.
• Globally, it is the sixth most common cancer in women, fourteenth most common overall.
• In Peninsular Malaysia, it is the seventh most common cancer in women, according to Malaysian cancer Registry 2006.
• It is rare among women younger than 40 years.
• Peak incidence occurring at age 60-69.
• Majority are of Chinese ethnicity (47.5%), followed by Malays (41.6%) and Indian (10.9%).
Cancer that
forms in the tissue lining the uterus (the small, hollow, pear-shaped
organ in a woman's pelvis in which a fetus develops). Most endometrial
cancers are adenocarcinomas (cancers that begin in cells that make and
release mucus and other fluids).
NCI
Carcinoma Endometrium ( uterine cancer)
Endometrial cancer starts when cells in the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) start to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can spread to other parts of the body
Endometrial cancer (also called endometrial carcinoma) starts in the cells of the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium). This is the most common type of cancer in the uterus
Endometrial carcinomas can be divided into different types based on how the cells look under the microscope. (These are called histologic types.)
They include:
Adenocarcinoma (most endometrial cancers are a type of adenocarcinoma called endometrioid cancer -- see below)
Uterine carcinosarcoma or CS (covered below in the grading section)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Transitional carcinoma
Serous carcinoma
Clear-cell carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, dedifferentiated carcinoma, and serous adenocarcinoma are less common types of endometrial adenocarcinomas. They tend to grow and spread faster than most types of endometrial cancer. They often have spread outside the uterus by the time they're diagnosed.
Endometrioid cancer
Most endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas, and endometrioid cancer is the most common type of adenocarcinoma, by far. Endometrioid cancers start in gland cells and look a lot like the normal uterine lining (endometrium). Some of these cancers have squamous cells (squamous cells are flat, thin cells), as well as glandular cells.
There are many variants (or sub-types) of endometrioid cancers including:
Adenocarcinoma, (with squamous differentiation)
Adenoacanthoma
Adenosquamous (or mixed cell)
Secretory carcinoma
Ciliated carcinoma
Villoglandular adenocarcinoma
Ovarian cancer usually happens in women over age 50, but it can also affect younger women. Its cause is unknown. Ovarian cancer is hard to detect early.
The sooner ovarian cancer is found and treated, the better your chance for recovery. But ovarian cancer is hard to detect early. Many times, women with ovarian cancer have no symptoms or just mild symptoms until the disease is in an advanced stage and hard to treat.
Presentation at Chittaranjan Seva Sadan, Kolkata where Dr Dasgupta was invited as faculty in the CME organized by Medical Education and research Committee, Bengal Obstetrics and Gynaecological Society
Carcinoma Endometrium ( uterine cancer)
Endometrial cancer starts when cells in the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) start to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can spread to other parts of the body
Endometrial cancer (also called endometrial carcinoma) starts in the cells of the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium). This is the most common type of cancer in the uterus
Endometrial carcinomas can be divided into different types based on how the cells look under the microscope. (These are called histologic types.)
They include:
Adenocarcinoma (most endometrial cancers are a type of adenocarcinoma called endometrioid cancer -- see below)
Uterine carcinosarcoma or CS (covered below in the grading section)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Transitional carcinoma
Serous carcinoma
Clear-cell carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, dedifferentiated carcinoma, and serous adenocarcinoma are less common types of endometrial adenocarcinomas. They tend to grow and spread faster than most types of endometrial cancer. They often have spread outside the uterus by the time they're diagnosed.
Endometrioid cancer
Most endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas, and endometrioid cancer is the most common type of adenocarcinoma, by far. Endometrioid cancers start in gland cells and look a lot like the normal uterine lining (endometrium). Some of these cancers have squamous cells (squamous cells are flat, thin cells), as well as glandular cells.
There are many variants (or sub-types) of endometrioid cancers including:
Adenocarcinoma, (with squamous differentiation)
Adenoacanthoma
Adenosquamous (or mixed cell)
Secretory carcinoma
Ciliated carcinoma
Villoglandular adenocarcinoma
Ovarian cancer usually happens in women over age 50, but it can also affect younger women. Its cause is unknown. Ovarian cancer is hard to detect early.
The sooner ovarian cancer is found and treated, the better your chance for recovery. But ovarian cancer is hard to detect early. Many times, women with ovarian cancer have no symptoms or just mild symptoms until the disease is in an advanced stage and hard to treat.
Presentation at Chittaranjan Seva Sadan, Kolkata where Dr Dasgupta was invited as faculty in the CME organized by Medical Education and research Committee, Bengal Obstetrics and Gynaecological Society
Endometrial cancer is a type of uterine cancer that starts in the inner lining of the uterus. This lining is called the endometrium.
According to the National Cancer Institute, approximately 3 in 100 women will be diagnosed with uterine cancer at some point in their lives. More than 80 percent of people with uterine cancer survive for five years or longer after receiving the diagnosis.
If you have endometrial cancer, early diagnosis and treatment increases your chances of remission.
http://link.com The main keyword for cancer http://link.com The main keyword for cancerhttp://link.com The main keyword for cancerhttp://link.com The main keyword for cancerhttp://link.com The main keyword for cancerhttp://link.com The main keyword for cancerhttp://link.com The main keyword for cancerhttp://link.com The main keyword for cancerhttp://link.com The main keyword for cancerhttp://link.com The main keyword for cancerhttp://link.com The main keyword for cancer
This presentation covers all the basic aspects regarding the breast cancer including the introduction, types, causes, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer
A lecture on endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, exploring the etiology, clinical features, types, investigations, management and treatment options and prognosis.
This was presented to undergraduate medical students at Livingstone Central Teaching Hospital, Livingstone, Zambia, department of Obstetrics and Gynecology by Nghitukuhamba T.E Kalipi (final year student) Cavendish University Zambia, School of Medicine.
From Queens Library's expert-led panel, Cancer Awareness: What You Need to Know, featuring professionals from New York Hospital Queens, North Shore LIJ, the American Cancer Society, and the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
3. Endometrium Lining for the uterus Preventing adhesions between the opposed walls of the myometrium. Soft and spongy. Each month endometrium change as part of menstrual cycle.
7. by taking the hormone progestogenalong with estrogen, the risk of endometrial cancer is reduced substantially Risk Factors Women who have been treated with tamoxifen, a drug used to prevent and treat breast cancer, may have a slightly increased risk of developing endometrial cancer. Sex, Age, Family History Irregular menstrual periods Early first menstruation or late menopause Infertility Obesity Diabetes Hypertension Estrogen replacement therapy and/or Tamoxifen
12. Anemia, caused by chronic loss of blood. (This may occur if the woman has ignored symptoms of prolonged or frequent abnormal menstrual bleeding.) Lower abdominal pain or pelvic cramping. Thin white or clear vaginal discharge in postmenopausal women. Weight loss.
13.
14.
15. TYPE II occur in older, post-menopausal women more common in African-Americans more likely to grow and spread outside of the uterus carry a poorer prognosis
19. About 80% of uterine cancers are adenocarcinomas, and they have varying aggressiveness.
20. The pathologist assigns a "grade" to this cancer, which basically says how cancerous it looks under the microscope.
21. While "Grade I" looks a lot like normal uterine tissue and can be very indolent, "Grade III" looks very cancerous and will probably be aggressive. "Grade II" is intermediate in looks and behavior.
25. Uterine papillary serous carcinoma uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) is an uncommon form of endometrial cancer that typically arises in postmenopausal women. is the worst type since it is very aggressive and tends to come back even when caught early. It represents 5% of uterine cancers. It is typically diagnosed on endometrial biopsy, prompted by post-menopausal bleeding. It arises in the setting of endometrial atrophy and is classified as a type II endometrial cancer.
27. uterine clear cell carcinoma Uterine clear cell carcinoma (CC) is a rare form of endometrial cancer with distinct morphological features on pathology; it is aggressive and has high recurrence rate. is an aggressive cancer accounting for about 2% of uterine cancers. It is associated with a woman's mother having used a hormone called DES while pregnant, and is getting less common with DES no longer used. Like uterine papillary serous carcinoma CC does not develop from endometrial hyperplasia and is not hormone sensitive, rather it arises from an atrophic endometrium.
28. Treatment for endometrial cancer Depends on the stage of the disease and the overall health of the patient. Primary treatment is the surgery (removal of the tumor ). Radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and/or chemotherapy may be used as adjuvant treatment (i.e., in addition to surgery) in patients with metastatic or recurrent disease.
29. Surgery Surgery(removing the tumor in an operation) for endometrial cancer is also known as hysterectomy which the uterus is surgically removed with or without other organs or tissues.
30. Total hysterectomy: Surgery to remove the uterus, including the cervix Total hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy: the uterus and cervix plus one ovary and fallopian tube are removed unilateral the uterus and cervix plus both ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed bilateral
31. Radical hysterectomy: The uterus, cervix, both ovaries, both fallopian tubes, plus part of the vagina, and nearby tissueare removed These procedures are done using a low transverse incision or a vertical incision Part of vagina
32. Chemotherapy Treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing. Treatment usually involves a combination of two or three chemotherapy drugs. This treatment may be considered in some cases, especially for those with stage 3 and 4 disease.
33. Chemotherapy also may be used in addition to surgery (called adjuvant therapy) to treat metastatic endometrial cancer and to prevent recurrent disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy for endometrial cancer is usually given for a total of six to eight 21-day cycles (the treatment is given once every 21 days for a total of six to eight treatments).
34. The following drugs are used to treat endometrial cancer: Carboplatin (Paraplatin®) Cisplatin (Platinol®) Doxorubicin (Doxil®) Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxin®) Paclitaxel (Taxol®, Paxene®)
35. RADIATION THERAPY Compared with low-risk endometrial cancer, intermediate-risk cancers have a higher chance of coming back after surgery. Intermediate-risk endometrial cancer has invaded more deeply into the lining of the uterus, or evidence of cancer invasion into the cervix when the hysterectomy specimen is examined under a microscope. Radiation therapy is recommended for some women after surgery. This practice is called "adjuvant" radiation therapy. The purpose is to get rid of any tumor cells that might be left in the body after surgery.
36. Adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) External beam RT Vaginal brachytherapy Low-dose rate brachytherapy uses a device that delivers radiation through the vagina continuously for two or three days, 24 hours per day. High-dose rate brachytherapy uses a device that delivers radiation in the vagina for only a few minutes at a time once a day, and treatment is generally repeated three to five times. This treatment is generally given as an outpatient and do not have to stay in the hospital overnight. During EBRT, your body is positioned beneath the X-ray machine in the same way every day, and the radiation field is exposed to the radiation beam for a few seconds once per day, five days per week, for five to six weeks. The choice between external beam RT and vaginal brachytherapy depends on a number of factors. However, for most women with intermediate-risk disease, vaginal brachytherapy seems to be as effective as external beam RT.
37. Hormone therapy Hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that removes hormones or blocks their action and stops cancer cells from growing. Hormones are substances made by glands in the body and circulated in the bloodstream. Some hormones can cause certain cancers to grow. If tests show that the cancer cells have places where hormones can attach (receptors), drugs, surgery, or radiation therapy is used to reduce the production of hormones or block them from working.
38. Progestins The main hormone treatment for endometrial cancer Eg - medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera®) and megestrol acetate (Megace®). Slowing the growth of endometrial cancer cells. Side effects can include increased blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes. Tamoxifen An anti-estrogen drug often used to treat breast cancer, may also be used to treat advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. Prevent any estrogens circulating in the woman's body from stimulating growth of the cancer cellsand nourishing the cancer cells. It does not cause bone loss, but can cause hot flashes, vaginal dryness and increased risk of serious blood clots in the leg.
39. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists These drugs switch off estrogen production by the ovaries in women who are premenopausal. Eg- goserelin (Zoladex) and leuprolide (Lupron). These drugs are injected every 1 to 3 months. Side effects can include hot flashes and vaginal dryness. If they are taken for a long time (years), these drugs can weaken bones (leading to osteoporosis). Aromatase inhibitors After the ovaries are removed estrogen is still made in fat tissue. Stop this estrogen from being formed and lower estrogen levels even further. Eg - letrozole (Femara), anastrozole (Arimidex), and exemestane (Aromasin). These drugs are most often used to treat breast cancer, but may be helpful in the treatment of endometrial cancer. Side effects can include joint and muscle pain and hot flashes. If they are taken for a long time (years), these drugs can weaken bones (leading to osteoporosis). These drugs are still being studied for use in treating endometrial cancer