The document discusses sulfated zirconia as a solid acid catalyst. It describes the synthesis of sulfated zirconia through precipitation and impregnation methods. Characterization using XRD, FTIR, TG-DTA, and textural properties is also discussed. The acidity and super acidic properties of sulfated zirconia are examined. Applications testing sulfated zirconia for organic transformations like the Prins cyclization reaction and selective hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose are summarized. Optimization of the Prins reaction and recycling of the sulfated zirconia catalyst are highlighted.
sufficient method of hydrogen production by water gas shift reactions MUKULsethi5
today energy production in big race, because population and technology increasing rate is very fast,
we discussed hydrogen as good energy source and some synthesis method of hydrogen gas and major focus on water gas shift reaction
#water, #watergasshiftreaction,
#energy
#nanoparticle
#property_of_nanopartical
This presentation gives an overview of the two main approaches to processing copper ore into a refined product: the pyrometallurgical approach (copper concentrates), and the hydrometallurgical approach (SX-EW). Process flow diagrams and key equipment are also highlighted.
In these work, new nano and micro thermoplastic based composite is prepared with zeolite filler, The method involves using zeolite in powder form, the preparation of zeolite powder from ores by crushing it into small - sized granules. The characteristics of the zeolite powder are determined. The physical properties and chemical composition (XRD) are evaluated before impeding it into the thermoplastic. Thermoplastics powder are added to the zeolite powder as granules in different sizes, The particles sizes ranging from the size of a millimeter to nanometer. The manufacturing quality parameters are optimized at volume percentages of filler in the range 20 to 25 % , composite material is formed into molds. New Composite material is characterized by easy deformation into different shapes beside machine ability. The characteristics of new composite such as SEM, EDX,FTIR in absorption and transmission mode are evaluated and compared with the standard characteristics of Zeolite ores. The performance and characteristics of the new composite are completely different. The new composite is hard, solid and does not absorb water. The work end with list of recommendation about the new field and expected application of Zeolite when using it as filler in thermoplastic based micro and nano composites.
sufficient method of hydrogen production by water gas shift reactions MUKULsethi5
today energy production in big race, because population and technology increasing rate is very fast,
we discussed hydrogen as good energy source and some synthesis method of hydrogen gas and major focus on water gas shift reaction
#water, #watergasshiftreaction,
#energy
#nanoparticle
#property_of_nanopartical
This presentation gives an overview of the two main approaches to processing copper ore into a refined product: the pyrometallurgical approach (copper concentrates), and the hydrometallurgical approach (SX-EW). Process flow diagrams and key equipment are also highlighted.
In these work, new nano and micro thermoplastic based composite is prepared with zeolite filler, The method involves using zeolite in powder form, the preparation of zeolite powder from ores by crushing it into small - sized granules. The characteristics of the zeolite powder are determined. The physical properties and chemical composition (XRD) are evaluated before impeding it into the thermoplastic. Thermoplastics powder are added to the zeolite powder as granules in different sizes, The particles sizes ranging from the size of a millimeter to nanometer. The manufacturing quality parameters are optimized at volume percentages of filler in the range 20 to 25 % , composite material is formed into molds. New Composite material is characterized by easy deformation into different shapes beside machine ability. The characteristics of new composite such as SEM, EDX,FTIR in absorption and transmission mode are evaluated and compared with the standard characteristics of Zeolite ores. The performance and characteristics of the new composite are completely different. The new composite is hard, solid and does not absorb water. The work end with list of recommendation about the new field and expected application of Zeolite when using it as filler in thermoplastic based micro and nano composites.
Ceramic material Yttrium Barium Copper OxideIshant Sahu
Includes the first material ever discovered to become superconducting above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K) at about 90 K.Ceramic superconducting material Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide.
metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestrationVasiUddin Siddiqui
MOF is a porous crystal like a spunge having an enormous surface area and provide much more rooms for storage the gases preferentially hydrogen and carbon dioxide and work as storage for next generation fuel.
Beneficiation and Mineral Processing of Sand and Silica Sand; Sand and Silica Sand; Processing Sand; Sand into Silicon-Silicon carbide ; Heavy Mineral Sand; Separation of Heavy Minerals from Black Sand/Sand; Zircon to Zirconium; Ti-Bearing Minerals
Ceramic material Yttrium Barium Copper OxideIshant Sahu
Includes the first material ever discovered to become superconducting above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K) at about 90 K.Ceramic superconducting material Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide.
metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestrationVasiUddin Siddiqui
MOF is a porous crystal like a spunge having an enormous surface area and provide much more rooms for storage the gases preferentially hydrogen and carbon dioxide and work as storage for next generation fuel.
Beneficiation and Mineral Processing of Sand and Silica Sand; Sand and Silica Sand; Processing Sand; Sand into Silicon-Silicon carbide ; Heavy Mineral Sand; Separation of Heavy Minerals from Black Sand/Sand; Zircon to Zirconium; Ti-Bearing Minerals
Modification & Application of Borate Zirconia CatalystRanjeet Kumar
Solid catalysts are of great advantages in alkylation reaction due to heterogenous reaction which makes separation of catalysts very easy and environment friendly. Here, sulfated and borate zirconia catalysts are used to search for ortho-xylene with Toluene & methanol. To find a new path to get o-xylene, catalysts surface was studied and a new mesoporous borate zirconia catalyst was prepared. Mesoporous Borate Zirconia had showed a very efficient path to manufature o-xylene.
Just basics of mesoporous materials!!The Break through came around 1992 by both Japanese and Mobil scientist on the soft template based synthesis of mesoporous materials
In support of the Institute’s strategic plan to assist CCS projects through knowledge sharing, the North American team hosted its Second Annual North American Forum on CCS: Global Opportunities and Strategic Directions at the Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C. on 5 February 2013.
Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels Course Material.
National Centre for Catalysis Research (NCCR, IIT Madras), considered for the first on-line course the topic of Carbon dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels. NCCR has learnt many such lessons which are necessary for the researchers to understand and also have a complete comprehension of the limitations.
Lava Zirconia Crowns are Really very best affordable one for the Patients, Implants is also an best for them but who cant afford Implants, their can go for Crowns and Bridges, these are really cheap and Best product in Market
Full mouth rehabilitation of periodontal involved teeth with Aadva NT ZirconiaDental Evo
Full mouth rehabilitation of periodontal involved teeth with Aadva NT Zirconia made by digital workflow.
Case by Prof. Marco Ferrari, Dr. M.C. Cagidiaco, Dr. Edoardo Ferrari, Mr. Gianni Bonadeo
Class on "Porcelain layering on zirconia coping"
Presentation by Prof. Dr. Marco Ferrari MD, DMD, PhD.
http://www.dentalevo.it/dentistry-materials/porcelain-layering-zirconia-coping/
It contains introduction, homogeneous, heterogenous, transition metal, organometallic, enzymatic and phase transfer catalysis part with certain aspect of greener approach.
It cover approximately all topic according to M.pharm Organic chemistry syllabus, not in advance but for general and basic purpose of understanding.
Surface activation of Calcium bentonite clayS k Parida
Clay is a fine grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxide and organic matter found abundantly on earth’s crust. Chemically it consists essentially of hydrated silicates of aluminum.
Generally clays are used as solid acid catalysts, which can function as both Bronsted and Lewis acids in their natural and ion-exchanged form and also known as radical catalyst. Using clay catalysts, environmentally benign green chemistry can be done both at industrial and laboratory scale.The objective of this work is to study the behavior of calcium bentonite clay treated with sulfuric acid of 3N concentration under mechanical stirring and refluxing condition separately.The XRF and SEM studies indicated clearly the leaching and disintegration of the clay sheet upon thermo-chemical treatment.
XRD studies of the acid treated clay indicated the structural transformation of the clay sheet upon acid treatment and became amorphous .
As the treatment of 3N sulfuric acid chemically and thermo-chemically occur, Al2O3, TiO2 and Na2O contents in the acid treated material decreased progressively simultaneously increasing the SiO2 content.
FTIR study of the acid treated clay shows that the acid treatment did not cause much variation in the peak pattern, however thermo-acid treatment in same acid strength the peak intensity was found to decrease progressively and indicating the dehydroxylation and successive leaching of the Al ions from the octahedral layer.
Again, the BET surface area analysis of the samples indicated that method can be useful for manufacturing a surface active and high surface area material which can be used for catalyst as well as an adsorbent.
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Hydrogen Peroxide- Review of its Role as Part of a Mine Drainage Treatment St...Michael Hewitt, GISP
Jon Smoyer P.G., PA Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), “Hydrogen Peroxide- Review of its Role as Part of a Mine Drainage Treatment Strategy”
Hydrogen Peroxide has been used to oxidize and remove ferrous iron from mine drainage for decades. It is a relatively inexpensive and effective oxidant that can be used to achieve rapid ferrous iron oxidation in many active and semi-passive mine drainage treatment systems. This presentation outlines the physical properties, concentrations, and available delivery options for hydrogen peroxide.
Hydrogenation of sugars over supported metal catalyst - effect of supportpbpbms6
A process of hydrogenation of sugars into sugar alcohol is described in presence of supported metal catalysts. Influence of support in reaction is also shown.
Kinetics Etude of the Experimental Leaching of Sphalerite Using Acidic Lixivi...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
The influence of physico-chemical parameters such as acid concentration, temperature, particle size and time of leaching on the chemical dissolution of the sphalerite ore in sulfuric acid was examined. At a temperature of 358 K by 2 mol.l-1 H2SO4, a stirring speed of 300 rpm, initial solid / liquid ratio of 10 g/L and particle size (-125 +63^m), about 99 % of zinc was extracted inside 120min. The experimental data of this leaching technique was established by way of the shrinking core model under chemically reaction controlled processes, the corresponding activation energy for the recovery of zinc Ea calculated from the Arrhenius expression to be 18.63kJ/mole.
The extraction of zinc(II) from zinc-plating wastewater by liquid-liquid extraction was studied using the commercial extractants di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex® 272), as well as the ionic liquids, Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bromide (Cyphos® 102), Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium decanoate (Cyphos® 103) and Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4- trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (Cyphos® 104), diluted in organic solvents. First, the commercial extractants and the ionic liquids with the most potential were selected based on the results from diluents, modifiers, and stripping solution screening tests. Then, the optimization of extraction and re-extraction (stripping) conditions for each extractant was achieved either by effluent pre-treatment (pH adjustment) to remove iron before liquid-liquid extraction or by adjusting the extractant-to-zinc ratio. Afterward, one commercial extractant and one ionic liquid were selected for further evaluation based on the following parameters: reusability, contact time (kinetic studies), and loading capacity.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
2. Outline of the talk
Introduction.
Synthesis of zirconia supported catalyst.
Characterization.
Structure.
Acidity and super acidic properties of SZ.
Application of SZ catalyst for organic
transformations.
Conclusions.
3. Introduction
Most of the industrially catalyzed
process are based on acid catalyst.
Different types of acid catalysts
1. Heteropolyacids.
2.Amberlyst
3.Nafion-H
4.Clays and Zeolites.
5.Metal oxides.
6. Anion modified metal oxide.(1980)
ex:Sulfated zirconia, tungated zirconia
4. Metal oxide – ZrO2,TiO2,SnO2,Al2O3 etc
Anion - MoO4
-2 ,SO4
-2,WO4
-2 .
Modification of metal oxide with anion generate
new active acid sites.
Which are different then their individual acid sites.
Combination of different metal oxide with different
anion gives a large no of catalyst with different
distribution of acid sites.
5. Advantages of Anion Modified metal oxide
Active over wide range of Temperature.
Resistant to thermal extrusion.
Low reaction temperature.
Easy preparation and low cost.
Disadvantages of Anion Modified metal oxide
Sensitive to Reducing atmosphere.
Forms acid if Water is present at high
temperature
16. Super acidity?
Bronstead & lewis acidity.
Ho indicator method.
Colour change.
Different acid sites.
TPD
Decomposition of
adsorbate molecule.
adsorption on catalytically
not active.
CaO-NH3- at high T
Skeletal isomerization
at low T.
17. Commercial application in hydroisomerization process
n- Paraffins H2 iso-Paraffin
- Aromatics – high octane number and C/H ratio
- Branched HC – High octane Number
- Hydro cracking is competing reaction.
- Low temperature.
- Bi-functional catalyst.
- Pt/Alumina /Cl-.
- Pt / SiO2-Al2O3.
- Pt /Sulfated zirconia-HYSOPAR-100 ppm
- WO3/ZrO2.
Applications in organic transformations
18.
19. Selective hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose
Cellulose is the most abundant source of biomass.
Enzyme catalyst – separation problems.
21. Prins Cyclization
O
H H
O
OH+
Condensation of olefin with aldehyde.
C-C bond forming reaction.
Styrene Para formaldehyde 4-Phenyl 1,3-Dioxane
Industrially high boiling solvent.
Plasticizer, curing agent , Pigment dispersant
Protecting group in organic synthesis.
monomer and additives in polymer industry.
U.S Patent -4,185 ,019 Jan.22(1980)
24. Effect of solvent
solvent Dielectric
constant
Acceptor
Number(A.N)
Donor
Number (D.N)
Yield for
4-Phenyl
1,3 dioxane
No solvent --- --- --- 56
Tri ethyl amine 2.4 0
Cyclohexane 2.6 47
Toluene 2.4 64
1,2dichloro ethane 10.1 85
Nitrobenzene 34.8 22
Acetonitrile 36 0
Isopropyl alcohol 18.3 33.8 21.1 0
Reaction condition: 10 mmol styrene; 30 mmol Paraformaldehyde; 10 wt% of catalyst (reactant); Temp =80 C;
solvent =5ml; reaction time =7 hr.
The acceptor number( Lewis acidic) is obtained from the 31PNMR chemical shift values related to that of the
1:1 adduct (C2H5)3PO-SbCl5 dissolved in 1,2 dichloroethane.
The Donor number (Lewis base) defines the negative DH value for 1:1-adduct formation between sbCl5 and an
electron pair donor solvent in diluted solution in non coordinating solvent 1, 2-dichloro ethane.
1.4 61
0 0
8.2 0
16.7 0
14.8 4.4
18.9 14.1
32. conclusion
Sulfated and tungstated zirconia catalyst were
synthesized by the precipitation and impregnation
method.
Characterization of sulfated zirconia by various
methods were discussed.
Prins reaction of styrene with Paraformaldehyde
is carried out using Sulfated zirconia catalyst.
Optimization study , effect of solvent and comparison of
other acid catalyst is done.
SZ-2N showed good activity and selectivity for the prins
reaction.