The objective of this paper is to formalize and document observations on language spread in multi-lingual or polyglot societies as understood from a study of spoken and written language in various phases in Indian history starting from the Indus Valley Civilization of Ancient India, the mature phase of which began in 2600 BC, to modern Post-independent India, and formalize them into principles wherever possible, so that these can be used as a basis to make further observations and draw further inferences from studies both in India and elsewhere, the ultimate goal being to prepare a dictionary of the universal principles of language spread in multi-lingual or polyglot societies, and the general principles of language spread for ready use anywhere in the world. Such an exercise can be carried out by collating the basic observations and principles as understood from this paper with observations culled from similar studies that have already been carried or may be carried out both in India and elsewhere in the world. Such a compendium would be a valuable heuristic tool for analysis and can be an indispensable tool for use by politicians, educationalists and others across the world for decision-making and policy-formulation, and as a part of the emerging discipline of Applied Linguistics. It will also be useful to the common man to help him understand the various seemingly mysterious forces that greatly impact his daily life. We also introduce several new concepts in this paper, such as the Theory of Win-Win Propositions, the Doctrine of Insubordination, the Theory of Linguistic Osmosis, Context and Role-based suitability, Context and Role-based indispensability, Yoyo model of cultural diffusion etc. Thus, this paper delineates much of the theoretical framework that can be used for a formal study of the spread of languages in any multi-lingual society.
This paper purports to be a starting point to revisit existing approaches dealing with the origin and spread of languages in the light of the changed circumstances of the Twenty-first century without in any way undermining their applicability across space and time. The origin of spoken languages is intricately and inseparably interwoven and intertwined with the origin of human species as well, and in this paper, we propose a ‘Wholly-independent Multi-Regional hypothesis of the origin of Homo sapiens’ in response to both the highly-controversial and arguably antiquated ‘Out-of-Africa theory’ which we have stridently and vehemently opposed, along with all its protuberances and the contending Multi-Regional Hypothesis as well. The key tenets of this paper are therefore articulated based on this fundamental premise which is likely to upend existing presumptions and paradigms to a significant degree. Having said that, we must hasten to add that the evolutionary biology of language encompassing physical anthropology or genetics and other related areas of study, are wholly outside the purview of this paper. Structural linguistics and semantics are also outside the scope of this paper. In this paper, we examine the origins of spoken and written languages in pre-historic, proto-historic, historic, pre-globalized and post-globalized contexts and propose an ‘Epochal Polygenesis’ approach. As a part of this paper, we also provide a broad overview of early and current theories of the origin and spread of languages so that readers can compare our approaches with already existing ones and analyse the similarities and differences between the two. We propose and define several new concepts under the categories of contact-based scenarios and non-contact based scenarios such as the autochthonous origin of languages, the spread of properties of languages from key nodes, the ‘Theory of linguistic osmosis’ and the need to take historical and political factors into account while analysing the spread of languages. In this paper, we also propose among others, the ‘Theory of win-win paradigms’ and the ‘Net benefits approach’. We also emphasize the need to carry out a diachronic and synchronic assessment of the dynamics of languages spread and propose that this be made a continuous process so that the lessons learnt can be used to tweak and hone theories and models to perfection. This paper is likely to significantly up the ante in favour of a dynamics-driven approach by undermining the relative torpor now observed in this arguably vital sub-discipline and contribute greatly to the rapidly emerging field of language dynamics. We also hope that synchronic linguistics will finally get its due place under the sun in the post-globalised world, and will become a major driving force in linguistics in the Twenty-First Century.
This document provides an introduction and chapter 1 of an undergraduate thesis presented to the faculty of Surigao del Sur State University in the Philippines. The thesis examines the oral literature of the Manuvos tribe in San Miguel, Surigao del Sur. It aims to identify genres of oral literature prevalent among the Manuvos, translate these oral works into English, and explore ways to preserve Manuvo culture and oral traditions. The introduction outlines the problem of indigenous oral literatures becoming extinct and the importance of including them in post-colonial literary studies. Chapter 1 presents the study's purpose, which is to analyze themes and symbolism in Manuvo oral literature, how these traditions influence their way of life and reflect their language
Urdu is the national language of Pakistan while English and Arabic are also official languages. The majority of languages in Pakistan belong to the Indo-European family, primarily Indo-Aryan languages like Urdu, Punjabi, and Sindhi. Other major language groups include Iranian languages and a few languages from other families such as Dravidian and Tibeto-Burman. All languages of Pakistan are written using the Nasta'liq variant of the Persian-Arabic script.
This document discusses narratology and its importance in understanding oral literatures and cultures. Narratology examines narrative structures and how they influence perception and construct meaning. It analyzes elements like plot, themes, language, and perspectives in stories. The document notes that narratology can provide insight into a community by examining individuals and cultures as reflected in their oral traditions. It also discusses gaps in studying the oral literatures of the Manuvos people, such as recording, translating, interpreting genres, and ensuring their participation and preservation of traditions for future generations. Narratology will help address these gaps and aid in understanding, translating, interpreting, and defining the Manuvos' oral stories to preserve their cultural identity, heritage
The article entitled Techniques and Gaps in Translation of Cultural Terms is an attempt to find out the techniques adopted in translates in cultural terms an observe gaps in the process of translation. The main purpose of this study has to evaluate the techniques of translation of cultural words and to find out the gaps. For this purpose, the researcher collected cultural terms as corpus of data for the study from Nepali cultural words and the corresponding translated words from the English language. They were categorized them into five different categories. Findings of the study shows that ten different techniques such as literal, addition, deletion, claque, back translation, borrowing, definition are to be found to have been employed in translating cultural words of the novel.
This document provides a review of the book "Beyond 'Khoisan': Historical relations in the Kalahari Basin". The review summarizes that the book aims to dismantle misconceptions about Khoesan languages and examines linguistic relationships and cross-linguistic borrowings between these languages. It also touches on debates around classifying these languages and relating linguistic and genetic evidence. While praising the detailed linguistic analyses, the review notes concerns around how the book frames cultural categories and population movements in the region.
A Descriptive Study of Standard Dialect and Western Dialect of Odia Language ...ijtsrd
Language is a unique blessing to human beings. Human beings are bestowed with the faculty of language from very primitive age. Language makes human beings social and in a society human beings communicate with the help of language. Odia is one among the constitutionally approved language of India. Odisha is situated in the eastern part of India. Presently, this state has thirty districts. Odisha is bound to the north by the state Jharkhand, to the northeast by the state West Bengal, to the east by the Bay of Bengal, to the south by the state Andhra Pradesh, and to the west by the state Chhattisgarh. The languages used by the neighboring states have a lot of influence on Odia language. In this present study a modest attempt has been made to high light the differences between Standard Odia and Western Odia dialects. Various linguistic items used by the western Odia dialect users have marked differences compared to the standard Odia. The study has been done to delve into the phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic features of both Standard Odia and Western Odia. Secondly, for ease of understanding some amount of discussion has been made on the existing literature on language and its variety in general. As spoken form is the primary form of any language, data have been collected from the informants' conversation for analysis. Debiprasad Pany "A Descriptive Study of Standard Dialect and Western Dialect of Odia Language in Terms of Linguistic Items" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29632.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/odia/29632/a-descriptive-study-of-standard-dialect-and-western-dialect-of-odia-language-in-terms-of-linguistic-items/debiprasad-pany
Sindhi is the most widely spoken language in Sindh, spoken by 59% of people in the province. Urdu is spoken by 31% of people, while Punjabi is spoken by 10%. Smaller percentages speak Pashto (4%), Balochi (2%), and other languages including Kashmiri, Gujarati, Memoni, Persian, Khowar, Shina, Bangla, Thari, Luri, and Brahui (4%). Sindhi is the official language of Sindh province in Pakistan and is written in a modified Arabic script by Muslim Sindhis. Hindu Sindhis still register Sindhi as their mother tongue.
This paper purports to be a starting point to revisit existing approaches dealing with the origin and spread of languages in the light of the changed circumstances of the Twenty-first century without in any way undermining their applicability across space and time. The origin of spoken languages is intricately and inseparably interwoven and intertwined with the origin of human species as well, and in this paper, we propose a ‘Wholly-independent Multi-Regional hypothesis of the origin of Homo sapiens’ in response to both the highly-controversial and arguably antiquated ‘Out-of-Africa theory’ which we have stridently and vehemently opposed, along with all its protuberances and the contending Multi-Regional Hypothesis as well. The key tenets of this paper are therefore articulated based on this fundamental premise which is likely to upend existing presumptions and paradigms to a significant degree. Having said that, we must hasten to add that the evolutionary biology of language encompassing physical anthropology or genetics and other related areas of study, are wholly outside the purview of this paper. Structural linguistics and semantics are also outside the scope of this paper. In this paper, we examine the origins of spoken and written languages in pre-historic, proto-historic, historic, pre-globalized and post-globalized contexts and propose an ‘Epochal Polygenesis’ approach. As a part of this paper, we also provide a broad overview of early and current theories of the origin and spread of languages so that readers can compare our approaches with already existing ones and analyse the similarities and differences between the two. We propose and define several new concepts under the categories of contact-based scenarios and non-contact based scenarios such as the autochthonous origin of languages, the spread of properties of languages from key nodes, the ‘Theory of linguistic osmosis’ and the need to take historical and political factors into account while analysing the spread of languages. In this paper, we also propose among others, the ‘Theory of win-win paradigms’ and the ‘Net benefits approach’. We also emphasize the need to carry out a diachronic and synchronic assessment of the dynamics of languages spread and propose that this be made a continuous process so that the lessons learnt can be used to tweak and hone theories and models to perfection. This paper is likely to significantly up the ante in favour of a dynamics-driven approach by undermining the relative torpor now observed in this arguably vital sub-discipline and contribute greatly to the rapidly emerging field of language dynamics. We also hope that synchronic linguistics will finally get its due place under the sun in the post-globalised world, and will become a major driving force in linguistics in the Twenty-First Century.
This document provides an introduction and chapter 1 of an undergraduate thesis presented to the faculty of Surigao del Sur State University in the Philippines. The thesis examines the oral literature of the Manuvos tribe in San Miguel, Surigao del Sur. It aims to identify genres of oral literature prevalent among the Manuvos, translate these oral works into English, and explore ways to preserve Manuvo culture and oral traditions. The introduction outlines the problem of indigenous oral literatures becoming extinct and the importance of including them in post-colonial literary studies. Chapter 1 presents the study's purpose, which is to analyze themes and symbolism in Manuvo oral literature, how these traditions influence their way of life and reflect their language
Urdu is the national language of Pakistan while English and Arabic are also official languages. The majority of languages in Pakistan belong to the Indo-European family, primarily Indo-Aryan languages like Urdu, Punjabi, and Sindhi. Other major language groups include Iranian languages and a few languages from other families such as Dravidian and Tibeto-Burman. All languages of Pakistan are written using the Nasta'liq variant of the Persian-Arabic script.
This document discusses narratology and its importance in understanding oral literatures and cultures. Narratology examines narrative structures and how they influence perception and construct meaning. It analyzes elements like plot, themes, language, and perspectives in stories. The document notes that narratology can provide insight into a community by examining individuals and cultures as reflected in their oral traditions. It also discusses gaps in studying the oral literatures of the Manuvos people, such as recording, translating, interpreting genres, and ensuring their participation and preservation of traditions for future generations. Narratology will help address these gaps and aid in understanding, translating, interpreting, and defining the Manuvos' oral stories to preserve their cultural identity, heritage
The article entitled Techniques and Gaps in Translation of Cultural Terms is an attempt to find out the techniques adopted in translates in cultural terms an observe gaps in the process of translation. The main purpose of this study has to evaluate the techniques of translation of cultural words and to find out the gaps. For this purpose, the researcher collected cultural terms as corpus of data for the study from Nepali cultural words and the corresponding translated words from the English language. They were categorized them into five different categories. Findings of the study shows that ten different techniques such as literal, addition, deletion, claque, back translation, borrowing, definition are to be found to have been employed in translating cultural words of the novel.
This document provides a review of the book "Beyond 'Khoisan': Historical relations in the Kalahari Basin". The review summarizes that the book aims to dismantle misconceptions about Khoesan languages and examines linguistic relationships and cross-linguistic borrowings between these languages. It also touches on debates around classifying these languages and relating linguistic and genetic evidence. While praising the detailed linguistic analyses, the review notes concerns around how the book frames cultural categories and population movements in the region.
A Descriptive Study of Standard Dialect and Western Dialect of Odia Language ...ijtsrd
Language is a unique blessing to human beings. Human beings are bestowed with the faculty of language from very primitive age. Language makes human beings social and in a society human beings communicate with the help of language. Odia is one among the constitutionally approved language of India. Odisha is situated in the eastern part of India. Presently, this state has thirty districts. Odisha is bound to the north by the state Jharkhand, to the northeast by the state West Bengal, to the east by the Bay of Bengal, to the south by the state Andhra Pradesh, and to the west by the state Chhattisgarh. The languages used by the neighboring states have a lot of influence on Odia language. In this present study a modest attempt has been made to high light the differences between Standard Odia and Western Odia dialects. Various linguistic items used by the western Odia dialect users have marked differences compared to the standard Odia. The study has been done to delve into the phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic features of both Standard Odia and Western Odia. Secondly, for ease of understanding some amount of discussion has been made on the existing literature on language and its variety in general. As spoken form is the primary form of any language, data have been collected from the informants' conversation for analysis. Debiprasad Pany "A Descriptive Study of Standard Dialect and Western Dialect of Odia Language in Terms of Linguistic Items" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29632.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/odia/29632/a-descriptive-study-of-standard-dialect-and-western-dialect-of-odia-language-in-terms-of-linguistic-items/debiprasad-pany
Sindhi is the most widely spoken language in Sindh, spoken by 59% of people in the province. Urdu is spoken by 31% of people, while Punjabi is spoken by 10%. Smaller percentages speak Pashto (4%), Balochi (2%), and other languages including Kashmiri, Gujarati, Memoni, Persian, Khowar, Shina, Bangla, Thari, Luri, and Brahui (4%). Sindhi is the official language of Sindh province in Pakistan and is written in a modified Arabic script by Muslim Sindhis. Hindu Sindhis still register Sindhi as their mother tongue.
Lambada- Telugu Contact: Factors Affecting Language Choice in Bilingualsinventionjournals
Language contact between Lambadi and Telugu in Telangana region has been in effect since before independence. Generations of contact has resulted in bilingualism of various degrees among them. This bilingualism has produced variation in the use of Lambadi language with respect to psychological, social and cultural factors further under the influence of urbanization and globalization. Part of a series of research, addressed to analyze the synchronic effects seen as a consequence of the contact of lambada with a dominant language (culturally and in numbers), this paper aims to state and consolidate all factors influencing the language maintenance and shift among Lambada speakers. Under such circumstances, an analysis of language choice under the influence of factors ranging from situation, topic, domain, role, media as theorized by Fishman(1965) are applicable with furthermore additions resulting from Lambadi being an oral language. Language contact and choice, of two languages with scripts has to be viewed in a different perspective than the contact between an orally passed down language and a language with script. Media variance tips the needle towards the scripted language for all governmental and technical purposes and thus eliminates the resistance to shift from mother tongue which is otherwise universally seen. Similar differences have been studied and an effort to give a construct more suitable to the multilingual contact study of the case under study has been done in this paper.
Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, though Punjabi is the most widely spoken first language. Several other major languages are also spoken in Pakistan, including Sindhi in Sindh province, Balochi in Balochistan province, and Pashto in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and parts of Balochistan. Throughout history, the languages spoken in the region have been influenced by those of invading groups, such as Persian during Mughal rule. Today, the government promotes Urdu as the lingua franca and medium of administration, education, media, and literature to help unite the country's diverse populations.
Expression of language, culture and spirituality in world explanatory dictionarySubmissionResearchpa
This document discusses the expression of language, culture and spirituality in world explanatory dictionaries. It begins by looking at how these terms are defined and interpreted in lexicography. It then reviews literature on how linguists have approached incorporating professional and folk language into dictionaries over time. Finally, it analyzes how language, culture and spirituality are defined and interconnected in various dictionaries, noting both similarities and differences in interpretation across languages and cultures. The overall purpose is to examine how these key terms are classified and understood in global linguistics.
1. The document discusses the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, which claims that the structure of a language influences how its speakers think and experience reality.
2. It presents the hypothesis as having both a strong version of linguistic determinism, where language completely determines thought, and a weaker version of linguistic relativity, where language influences but does not determine thought.
3. While widely criticized, the hypothesis highlights the complex relationship between language, thought, and culture, and that speakers of different languages may experience the world in different ways.
The Paper tries to unveil the vital actions and counteractions of language and culture upon each other. A language neither can originate nor live without the culture. Language and culture, thus, are inseparable. Language rolls on the concrete passage of time encountering many alike and opposite processes like a culture, de cultures and re culture and gathers moss. Particularly, in post colonial context Odia language encounters some radical changes and reaps new products with respect to words, morphology, prefixes, suffixes and many more things. In post colonial context, we encounter a special kind of language called ‘hybrid language or ‘glocal language. The paper emphasizes the dimensions of language change with a global perspective as well as with local perspectives. Dr. Santosh Kumar Nayak ""Language in Glocal Cultural Context"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23304.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/odia/23304/language-in-glocal-cultural-context/dr-santosh-kumar-nayak
1. The document discusses concepts used in oral literature such as popular culture, discourse, oral testimony, text, and narrative/narration.
2. Popular culture refers to customs, beliefs, and material possessions that are widely accepted by most people in a society. It emerged after WWII due to industrialization and mass media. Discourse involves how people communicate and use language to structure their lives and society. Oral testimony provides verbal statements about past events.
3. These concepts are important for understanding oral literature and the cultures that produce it. Researchers must consider the context and language use within a society to best analyze oral traditions.
This document summarizes a paper presented at an international conference on languages and linguistics that examines gender-based metaphors in Algerian Arabic and their implications. The paper analyzes a corpus of common metaphors used to describe men and women. It finds that many metaphors reinforce negative stereotypes about femininity, depicting women as deficient or troublemakers. In contrast, few metaphors portray masculinity negatively. The metaphors studied reflect and reinforce traditional patriarchal beliefs about appropriate gender roles in Algerian culture. The paper aims to understand how these metaphors shape ideologies and power dynamics between men and women from a perspective that privileges masculinity.
Translation, a Bridge for Cultural Hybridity in a Globalized Literary Worldinventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Spencer Peak analyzes how languages shape culture through Arjun Appadurai's theory of "scapes", including languagescapes. The document discusses how globalization has led to a diversity of languages and the rise of multilingualism. While learning new languages can foster cultural understanding, the decline of some languages may threaten cultural diversity. The ideal is to embrace multilingualism while maintaining unique cultural identities, as seen in the Philippines which incorporated English without disrupting local languages and culture. In conclusion, understanding languagescapes can promote cultural unity by broadening perspectives and respect for other cultures.
Translation behavior differs between central/major languages and peripheral/smaller languages. In central languages, translation occurs within an established system and focuses more on marketability and ideology. Text selection is more conservative. In peripheral languages, translation is used to establish identity and literature in the language. Any text can be selected for translation to enrich the language. Translation is needed to develop scripts and empower peripheral languages politically and financially as they work to become central languages.
Literature should be taught in EFL classrooms for several reasons:
1) It provides authentic language input that exposes learners to real-world language use and helps develop their interpretive abilities.
2) Studying literature enhances critical thinking skills as learners analyze multiple meanings and perspectives.
3) Literary texts enrich culture learning by depicting society and communication across different contexts.
4) Literature encourages language acquisition by presenting language in meaningful, contextualized ways similar to first language learning.
The document analyzes Tamil literature output in the National Bibliography of Indian Languages (NBIL) database using bibliometric techniques. It finds that Tamil literature growth was tremendous from 1946 to 1953. The authorship pattern shows that three authors contributed the most publications at 4.36% of the total. Tamil is the dominant language represented at 90.23%. Most documents (77.50%) are microfilmed. Philosophy and religion receive the most coverage, followed by history, biography, and travel.
Bahan kuliah Pragmatik (Language in Use) dari Prof. Dr. E. Aminudin Aziz, M.A di Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Prof. Aminudin saat ini aktif sebagai pendiri sekaligus ketua Pusat Analisis Linguistik Forensik UPI (PALING FORENSIK UPI)
1) Applied linguistics has historically studied language and culture separately but since the 1970s has incorporated a discourse approach that views culture as constructed through language use.
2) This shift was driven by developments in fields like conversation analysis, cross-cultural pragmatics, and intercultural communication.
3) While the discourse approach challenges essentialist views of culture, debates continue between structuralist and post-structuralist perspectives in research and practice.
Sociolinguistics 'Language culture and worldview' BS. English (4th Semester) ...AleeenaFarooq
This document discusses the relationship between language and culture. It states that language and culture develop together and influence one another. The structure of a language shapes how its speakers think and view the world. Different languages categorize colors and kinship differently, showing how culture is reflected in a language. The document also outlines the main characteristics and types of culture, as well as the different functions of language.
This document discusses the relationship between language, culture, and world view. It states that language and culture influence each other, with language both reflecting and helping to transmit culture. Different languages may predispose their speakers to different ways of thinking due to differences in vocabulary and grammatical structures. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that the structure of a language shapes the world view of its speakers, with versions ranging from strong determinism to more moderate linguistic influence. Overall, the document argues that language and culture are intertwined, with language serving as an expression and means of transmitting cultural knowledge and identity.
Formation of a Language Personality under the Influence of the Mass Mediaijtsrd
This article examines the levels of speech culture of native speakers of the Russian language and their observance of the norms of literary word use in modern everyday life. The media play an important role in the violation by speakers of the norms of the Russian literary language, in particular, the norms of actual pronunciation and accentology. Hodzhiev Rakhim Muratovich "Formation of a Language Personality under the Influence of the Mass Media" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47708.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47708/formation-of-a-language-personality-under-the-influence-of-the-mass-media/hodzhiev-rakhim-muratovich
Using a theoretical concept by combining linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism – the
structure of our language; a set of specific selected words influence man’s perception of the world and language
use determines thought and action, data was collected and analysed qualitatively. The aim of the paper is to
illustrate the pertinence of culture in language use and actions with emphasis to explore the contextual symbolic
meanings of specific words in Africa nation states’ quest for peace. Specifically, in this paper we examine
carefully selected and uttered lexis and their significant meanings in Cameroon, South Africa and Uganda. The
results of the study confirmed that words have unique significance in relation to the culture, history and identity
of a particular African people. Words used in the Cameroon context, ‘all is well’, are mostly words of hope and
assurance in a war-free nation. The interpretation of some words, ‘Rhodes must fall’, generate disputes and
lead to violent actions in the search for peaceful and prosperous co-existence in an apartheid ridden country
like South Africa. Certain words of greetings, ‘you still exist’, though a total recall of pain and torture in a
period of turbulence and massacre in Uganda, portray gratitude and delightedness among citizens.
Arabic language is the most spoken languages in the Semitic languages group, and one of the most common languages in the world spoken by more than 422 million. It is also of paramount importance to Muslims, it is a sacred language of the Islamic Holly Book (Quran) and prayer (and other acts of worship) in Islam is performed only by mastering some of Arabic words. Arabic is also a major ritual language of a number of Christian churches in the Arab world and it is also used in writing several intellectual and religious Jewish books in the Middle Ages. Despite this, there is no semantic Arabic lexicon which researchers can depend on. In this paper we introduce Azhary as a lexical ontology for the Arabic language. It groups Arabic words into sets of synonyms called synsets, and records a number of relationships between words such as synonym, antonym, hypernym, hyponym, meronym, holonym and association relations. The ontology contains 26,195 words organized in 13,328 synsets. It has been developed and contrasted against AWN which is the most common available Arabic lexical ontology.
Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece. Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought. 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language. Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky.
1 OBSERVATIONS ON LANGUAGE SPREAD IN MULTI-LINGUAL SOCIETIES-2 (1).pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
This document summarizes the key observations on language spread in ancient and modern India based on a study conducted by Sujay Rao Mandavilli. Some of the main points include:
- The Indus Valley Civilization was highly multi-lingual, with many languages belonging to different families. Sanskrit later became something of a lingua franca, filling a need for communication.
- Post-Harappan India saw descendants of Harappan languages become local languages in the Gangetic plains (Prakrits), alongside other pre-existing languages. Sanskrit gradually became the language of elites.
- Sanskrit spread rapidly from the Gangetic plains to Afghanistan within a few centuries, despite
Lambada- Telugu Contact: Factors Affecting Language Choice in Bilingualsinventionjournals
Language contact between Lambadi and Telugu in Telangana region has been in effect since before independence. Generations of contact has resulted in bilingualism of various degrees among them. This bilingualism has produced variation in the use of Lambadi language with respect to psychological, social and cultural factors further under the influence of urbanization and globalization. Part of a series of research, addressed to analyze the synchronic effects seen as a consequence of the contact of lambada with a dominant language (culturally and in numbers), this paper aims to state and consolidate all factors influencing the language maintenance and shift among Lambada speakers. Under such circumstances, an analysis of language choice under the influence of factors ranging from situation, topic, domain, role, media as theorized by Fishman(1965) are applicable with furthermore additions resulting from Lambadi being an oral language. Language contact and choice, of two languages with scripts has to be viewed in a different perspective than the contact between an orally passed down language and a language with script. Media variance tips the needle towards the scripted language for all governmental and technical purposes and thus eliminates the resistance to shift from mother tongue which is otherwise universally seen. Similar differences have been studied and an effort to give a construct more suitable to the multilingual contact study of the case under study has been done in this paper.
Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, though Punjabi is the most widely spoken first language. Several other major languages are also spoken in Pakistan, including Sindhi in Sindh province, Balochi in Balochistan province, and Pashto in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and parts of Balochistan. Throughout history, the languages spoken in the region have been influenced by those of invading groups, such as Persian during Mughal rule. Today, the government promotes Urdu as the lingua franca and medium of administration, education, media, and literature to help unite the country's diverse populations.
Expression of language, culture and spirituality in world explanatory dictionarySubmissionResearchpa
This document discusses the expression of language, culture and spirituality in world explanatory dictionaries. It begins by looking at how these terms are defined and interpreted in lexicography. It then reviews literature on how linguists have approached incorporating professional and folk language into dictionaries over time. Finally, it analyzes how language, culture and spirituality are defined and interconnected in various dictionaries, noting both similarities and differences in interpretation across languages and cultures. The overall purpose is to examine how these key terms are classified and understood in global linguistics.
1. The document discusses the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, which claims that the structure of a language influences how its speakers think and experience reality.
2. It presents the hypothesis as having both a strong version of linguistic determinism, where language completely determines thought, and a weaker version of linguistic relativity, where language influences but does not determine thought.
3. While widely criticized, the hypothesis highlights the complex relationship between language, thought, and culture, and that speakers of different languages may experience the world in different ways.
The Paper tries to unveil the vital actions and counteractions of language and culture upon each other. A language neither can originate nor live without the culture. Language and culture, thus, are inseparable. Language rolls on the concrete passage of time encountering many alike and opposite processes like a culture, de cultures and re culture and gathers moss. Particularly, in post colonial context Odia language encounters some radical changes and reaps new products with respect to words, morphology, prefixes, suffixes and many more things. In post colonial context, we encounter a special kind of language called ‘hybrid language or ‘glocal language. The paper emphasizes the dimensions of language change with a global perspective as well as with local perspectives. Dr. Santosh Kumar Nayak ""Language in Glocal Cultural Context"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23304.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/odia/23304/language-in-glocal-cultural-context/dr-santosh-kumar-nayak
1. The document discusses concepts used in oral literature such as popular culture, discourse, oral testimony, text, and narrative/narration.
2. Popular culture refers to customs, beliefs, and material possessions that are widely accepted by most people in a society. It emerged after WWII due to industrialization and mass media. Discourse involves how people communicate and use language to structure their lives and society. Oral testimony provides verbal statements about past events.
3. These concepts are important for understanding oral literature and the cultures that produce it. Researchers must consider the context and language use within a society to best analyze oral traditions.
This document summarizes a paper presented at an international conference on languages and linguistics that examines gender-based metaphors in Algerian Arabic and their implications. The paper analyzes a corpus of common metaphors used to describe men and women. It finds that many metaphors reinforce negative stereotypes about femininity, depicting women as deficient or troublemakers. In contrast, few metaphors portray masculinity negatively. The metaphors studied reflect and reinforce traditional patriarchal beliefs about appropriate gender roles in Algerian culture. The paper aims to understand how these metaphors shape ideologies and power dynamics between men and women from a perspective that privileges masculinity.
Translation, a Bridge for Cultural Hybridity in a Globalized Literary Worldinventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Spencer Peak analyzes how languages shape culture through Arjun Appadurai's theory of "scapes", including languagescapes. The document discusses how globalization has led to a diversity of languages and the rise of multilingualism. While learning new languages can foster cultural understanding, the decline of some languages may threaten cultural diversity. The ideal is to embrace multilingualism while maintaining unique cultural identities, as seen in the Philippines which incorporated English without disrupting local languages and culture. In conclusion, understanding languagescapes can promote cultural unity by broadening perspectives and respect for other cultures.
Translation behavior differs between central/major languages and peripheral/smaller languages. In central languages, translation occurs within an established system and focuses more on marketability and ideology. Text selection is more conservative. In peripheral languages, translation is used to establish identity and literature in the language. Any text can be selected for translation to enrich the language. Translation is needed to develop scripts and empower peripheral languages politically and financially as they work to become central languages.
Literature should be taught in EFL classrooms for several reasons:
1) It provides authentic language input that exposes learners to real-world language use and helps develop their interpretive abilities.
2) Studying literature enhances critical thinking skills as learners analyze multiple meanings and perspectives.
3) Literary texts enrich culture learning by depicting society and communication across different contexts.
4) Literature encourages language acquisition by presenting language in meaningful, contextualized ways similar to first language learning.
The document analyzes Tamil literature output in the National Bibliography of Indian Languages (NBIL) database using bibliometric techniques. It finds that Tamil literature growth was tremendous from 1946 to 1953. The authorship pattern shows that three authors contributed the most publications at 4.36% of the total. Tamil is the dominant language represented at 90.23%. Most documents (77.50%) are microfilmed. Philosophy and religion receive the most coverage, followed by history, biography, and travel.
Bahan kuliah Pragmatik (Language in Use) dari Prof. Dr. E. Aminudin Aziz, M.A di Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Prof. Aminudin saat ini aktif sebagai pendiri sekaligus ketua Pusat Analisis Linguistik Forensik UPI (PALING FORENSIK UPI)
1) Applied linguistics has historically studied language and culture separately but since the 1970s has incorporated a discourse approach that views culture as constructed through language use.
2) This shift was driven by developments in fields like conversation analysis, cross-cultural pragmatics, and intercultural communication.
3) While the discourse approach challenges essentialist views of culture, debates continue between structuralist and post-structuralist perspectives in research and practice.
Sociolinguistics 'Language culture and worldview' BS. English (4th Semester) ...AleeenaFarooq
This document discusses the relationship between language and culture. It states that language and culture develop together and influence one another. The structure of a language shapes how its speakers think and view the world. Different languages categorize colors and kinship differently, showing how culture is reflected in a language. The document also outlines the main characteristics and types of culture, as well as the different functions of language.
This document discusses the relationship between language, culture, and world view. It states that language and culture influence each other, with language both reflecting and helping to transmit culture. Different languages may predispose their speakers to different ways of thinking due to differences in vocabulary and grammatical structures. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that the structure of a language shapes the world view of its speakers, with versions ranging from strong determinism to more moderate linguistic influence. Overall, the document argues that language and culture are intertwined, with language serving as an expression and means of transmitting cultural knowledge and identity.
Formation of a Language Personality under the Influence of the Mass Mediaijtsrd
This article examines the levels of speech culture of native speakers of the Russian language and their observance of the norms of literary word use in modern everyday life. The media play an important role in the violation by speakers of the norms of the Russian literary language, in particular, the norms of actual pronunciation and accentology. Hodzhiev Rakhim Muratovich "Formation of a Language Personality under the Influence of the Mass Media" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47708.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47708/formation-of-a-language-personality-under-the-influence-of-the-mass-media/hodzhiev-rakhim-muratovich
Using a theoretical concept by combining linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism – the
structure of our language; a set of specific selected words influence man’s perception of the world and language
use determines thought and action, data was collected and analysed qualitatively. The aim of the paper is to
illustrate the pertinence of culture in language use and actions with emphasis to explore the contextual symbolic
meanings of specific words in Africa nation states’ quest for peace. Specifically, in this paper we examine
carefully selected and uttered lexis and their significant meanings in Cameroon, South Africa and Uganda. The
results of the study confirmed that words have unique significance in relation to the culture, history and identity
of a particular African people. Words used in the Cameroon context, ‘all is well’, are mostly words of hope and
assurance in a war-free nation. The interpretation of some words, ‘Rhodes must fall’, generate disputes and
lead to violent actions in the search for peaceful and prosperous co-existence in an apartheid ridden country
like South Africa. Certain words of greetings, ‘you still exist’, though a total recall of pain and torture in a
period of turbulence and massacre in Uganda, portray gratitude and delightedness among citizens.
Arabic language is the most spoken languages in the Semitic languages group, and one of the most common languages in the world spoken by more than 422 million. It is also of paramount importance to Muslims, it is a sacred language of the Islamic Holly Book (Quran) and prayer (and other acts of worship) in Islam is performed only by mastering some of Arabic words. Arabic is also a major ritual language of a number of Christian churches in the Arab world and it is also used in writing several intellectual and religious Jewish books in the Middle Ages. Despite this, there is no semantic Arabic lexicon which researchers can depend on. In this paper we introduce Azhary as a lexical ontology for the Arabic language. It groups Arabic words into sets of synonyms called synsets, and records a number of relationships between words such as synonym, antonym, hypernym, hyponym, meronym, holonym and association relations. The ontology contains 26,195 words organized in 13,328 synsets. It has been developed and contrasted against AWN which is the most common available Arabic lexical ontology.
Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece. Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought. 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language. Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky.
1 OBSERVATIONS ON LANGUAGE SPREAD IN MULTI-LINGUAL SOCIETIES-2 (1).pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
This document summarizes the key observations on language spread in ancient and modern India based on a study conducted by Sujay Rao Mandavilli. Some of the main points include:
- The Indus Valley Civilization was highly multi-lingual, with many languages belonging to different families. Sanskrit later became something of a lingua franca, filling a need for communication.
- Post-Harappan India saw descendants of Harappan languages become local languages in the Gangetic plains (Prakrits), alongside other pre-existing languages. Sanskrit gradually became the language of elites.
- Sanskrit spread rapidly from the Gangetic plains to Afghanistan within a few centuries, despite
Sujay The Indo-Europeanization of the world Addendum FINAL.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
The document provides additional context and proposals to expand on a previous paper about the Indo-Europeanization of the world from a Central Asian homeland. It suggests 10 modes of linguistic transformations associated with human migrations to better understand how pre-Indo-European languages transformed into Indo-European languages in different areas. The author proposes using color-coded arrows and icons on diagrams to visually depict the migrations and influences. Adopting this approach along with a collaborative effort among scholars globally could revolutionize understanding of cultural and linguistic changes, according to the document.
Sujay The Indo-Europeanization of the world Addendum FINAL.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
The document provides additional context and proposals to expand on a previous paper about the Indo-Europeanization of the world from a Central Asian homeland. It proposes 10 modes of linguistic transformations associated with human migrations to better understand how pre-Indo-European languages transformed into Indo-European languages in different areas. It advocates for a collaborative effort among scholars across cultures to make rapid progress in solving the Indo-European question. Nationalism and region-centrism must be avoided in favor of a global outlook. Reading the previous paper is necessary to fully understand this addendum.
Sujay Laws of Language Dynamics FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
This document provides a comprehensive overview of the history of linguistics. It discusses how linguistics evolved from early studies of language dating back to ancient Sumeria and Egypt, through developments in ancient Greece, Rome, China, and India. It outlines some of the earliest known experiments on language acquisition in the 7th century BC. The document then discusses the growth of linguistic studies and key figures throughout the medieval period, Renaissance, 18th century, and 19th century, including important developments like the reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European. It concludes by noting the major shift towards structuralism, formalism and behaviorism in linguistics in the early 20th century.
Sujay Rao Mandavilli Sujay On the origin of spoken language final final final...Sujay Rao Mandavilli
This document discusses the origin and spread of languages. It begins by proposing a new "Wholly-independent Multi-Regional hypothesis" for the origin of humans and languages that challenges existing theories. It then examines the origins of spoken and written languages in different historical contexts and proposes an "Epochal Polygenesis" approach. The document also introduces several new concepts to describe the contact-based and non-contact based spread of languages. Finally, it emphasizes the need for continuous reassessment of language dynamics theories to incorporate new lessons learned.
Sujay Laws of Language Dynamics FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
This document provides a historical overview of the development of linguistics as a field of study. It discusses early experiments on language acquisition in ancient Egypt and medieval Europe. It notes that linguistics developed independently in China and India before contact with Western traditions, with important early works in Sanskrit grammar, Tamil grammar, and Chinese dictionaries. The document then outlines key contributions from Greek, Roman, medieval Arabic and European scholars between the 1st century BC and 18th century AD. It concludes by noting the structuralist, formalist and behaviorist shifts in linguistics in the early 20th century.
Sujay the indo europeanization-of_the_world_from a central asian homelandSujay Rao Mandavilli
In this paper, we bring together the concepts put forth in our previous papers and throw new light on how the Indo-Europeanization of the world may have happened from the conventional Central Asian homeland and explain the same using maps and diagrams. We also propose the ‘Ten modes of linguistic transformations associated with Human migrations.’ With this, the significance of the proposed term ‘Base Indo-European’ in lieu of the old term ‘Proto Indo-European’ will become abundantly clear to most readers. The approaches presented in this paper are somewhat superior to existing approaches, and as such are expected to replace them in the longer run. Detailed maps and notes demonstrating and explaining how linguistic transformations might have taken place in South Asia are available in this paper as understood from our previous research papers, and scholars from other parts of the world are invited to develop similar paradigms with regard to their home countries as far as the available data or evidence will allow them. This will help piece together a gigantic jig-saw puzzle, and lead to a revolution of sorts in the field, leading to a ripple-effect that will strongly impact several other related fields of study as well. We also re-emphasize our epigrammatic catch-phrases ‘The Globalization of Science’ and ‘Scientific Progress at the Speed of Light’, and attempt to show how the former will inexorably lead to the latter. This is done in a respectable level of detail, as zany and theoretical concepts gain respectability only if corroborated with real-world data from across the world. The end-result will be a transformation and a revolution in human knowledge, with inevitable cascading changes in cultural and social paradigms and relationships across nationalities and cultures, and rich rewards for scholars and students of Indo-European studies across the world.
This document discusses the Indo-Europeanization of the world from a Central Asian homeland based on new approaches and insights from the author's previous research publications. It proposes 10 modes of linguistic transformations associated with human migrations and suggests the term "Base Indo-European" instead of "Proto Indo-European." Detailed maps in the paper demonstrate how linguistic transformations may have occurred in South Asia. The paper aims to revolutionize the field of Indo-European studies by piecing together evidence from across the world.
The document summarizes the key languages spoken in Karachi, Pakistan. It discusses 12 major languages, including Urdu, Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Balochi, Memoni, Seraiki, Bengali, and others. It also provides recommendations for overcoming language differences, such as promoting unity, faith, discipline, honesty, loyalty, love, and patience. Using one's mother tongue is emphasized as an important way to reduce communication gaps between language groups.
Sujay On the origin of spoken language final final final.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
This document discusses the origin and spread of languages from ancient to modern times. It proposes a new "Epochal Polygenesis" approach to understanding language evolution, which argues that languages originated from multiple independent sources. The document provides an overview of early theories on language origins and the development of linguistics as a field of study over time. It also introduces several new concepts to analyze contact-based and non-contact based scenarios of language spread, including theories about linguistic osmosis and the influence of historical and political factors.
Oikonyms as a Research Object of Linguoculturologyijtsrd
In the article, the development of linguoculturology in the linguistics, its researchers, the importance of learning the toponyms, including oikonyms in a lingucultural orientation were mentioned. Also, the study of oikonyms in Russian and Turkish linguistics in a linguocultural, ethno cultural orientation by linguists, and the discussion of related opinions were analyzed. The service of the oikonyms as a unit that radiates cultural knowledge, history, and social relations of the ethnos has been revealed. Kurbanov Mukhtar Dauletbaevich "Oikonyms as a Research Object of Linguoculturology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52214.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/52214/oikonyms-as-a-research-object-of-linguoculturology/kurbanov-mukhtar-dauletbaevich
Beyond Religion and Culture_ The Many Benefits of Learning Sanskrit Language.pdfELTIS & SIFIL
Sanskrit is a classical language of India that has been in use for over 3,000 years. It is the language of ancient Hindu texts such as the Vedas, Upanishads, and the Mahabharata and is considered the mother of all Indo-European languages. The study of Sanskrit is essential not only for understanding the literature and culture of ancient India but also for gaining insight into the development of language, philosophy, and religion in general.
One of the main benefits of a good Sanskrit language course is that it can deepen one's understanding of Hinduism and the Indian spiritual tradition. The Vedas and Upanishads, written in Sanskrit, are considered some of the essential texts in Hinduism. They contain a wealth of knowledge about the nature of the universe, the human soul, and the path to spiritual realisation.
An Outline Of The History Of LinguisticsClaire Webber
Linguistics began developing in antiquity with early traditions arising in Mesopotamia, India, Greece, and Rome in response to language change. These traditions focused on grammar and morphology through word lists and rules of word formation. In the Middle Ages, interest in vernacular languages grew in Europe alongside Latin. By the 15th century, European colonialism exposed scholars to many new languages, facilitating comparisons and the eventual establishment of the comparative method for recognizing language families such as Indo-European.
India, as well-known to all, is the home of diversity; linguistic, cultural, religious, and social diversity. All these aspects are interwoven together making India a vibrant nation promoting the impeccable idea of "unity in diversity". As a multilingual nation, the study of language contact, where hundreds of different languages are in a constant negotiation, provides an appropriate zone for investigating the language interaction and the sociolinguistic consequences resulting from such process. This paper casts the light on the Kurukh’s contact with Hindi and Sadri, being the languages spoken in the area under scrutiny, tracing the sociolinguistic consequences of this interaction through studying a sample of these tribes residing in Mandar area. It also seeks to find out the sociolinguistic status quo of Kurukh and its status among its speakers through considering the contexts and situations in which both Hindi and Kurukh are used. It has been reported that Hindi, Sadri, and Kurukh are used exchangeably in a complementary distribution. Kurukh is spoken in some certain domains; at home, talking with friends of the same speech community, and in-group occasions when they come together to celebrate their religious festivals or any other social occasions whereas Hindi and Sadri are used for conversing with people of other speech communities or when they are in the presence of out-group people. On the other hand, the children receive their education in Hindi-medium schools and some of them in that of English-medium. In the school context, the students of Kurukh background avoid using their mother tongue even when they talk to each other lest to be mocked at or stigmatized by their friends and classmates who do not understand their language. This linguistic behavior of the young generation puts the Kurukh language at stake and jeopardizes the linguistic identity of its speakers as the time goes by.
Language and culture shape each other according to sociologist Edward Sapir. Linguist Benjamin Whorf argued that the structure of a language influences the thoughts of its speakers. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposed by Sapir and Whorf addresses how language affects thought and world views. Culture is an important part of work ethics and influences understanding between people.
This ppt is all about Culture and linguistics relativity that is a part of sociolinguistics' subject.
I hope you would find all your quires here and it will help you alot.
Similar to Sujay dynamics of language spread in multilingual societies final final final (20)
Making India a scientific and intellectual powerhouse FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
Humans have let their creative juices flow since early times; the invention of fire, proto-writing, pottery,
arts and crafts, agriculture and metal-making would bear ample testimony to this. Among early
contributions to science and technology, the contributions made by early Mesopotamians are highly
impressive. They made stellar contributions to metal-working, glass and lamp making, architecture, the
production of textiles and weaving, flood control, water storage and irrigation. They also invented the
earliest form of true writing, namely Cuneiform in the middle of the fourth millennium before Christ.
Writing was usually mastered by scribes who were small in number in relation to the total population,
and was composed on clay tablets. The Epic of Gilgamesh is among the world’s earliest literature, and is
attributed to ancient Mesopotamia. Libraries are also believed to have existed in Ancient Mesopotamia.
Mesopotamians made stellar contributions to mathematics, map making, medicine and astronomy too,
though true intellectualism in the modern sense of the term probably did not exist then....
Sujay Religion in the twenty-first century and beyond FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
The term "Religion" refers to a wide range of social-cultural systems, which include beliefs, morals,
ethics, religious practices, thought worlds, worldviews, holy texts and scriptures, sanctified holy
places, and institutions that typically relate to the general belief in a God or a supernatural entity.
Religion has been known in a wide variety of geographical contexts and situations, and attested since
very early times; as a matter of fact, even before the dawn of human civilization. As a matter of fact,
there have been very few known human societies without some form of an organized or an informal
religion. In the past few centuries, technology has progressed at a rapid pace, and at a rate that
would have been unimaginable just two centuries ago. Many pundits predicted that the role played
by religion in society would invariably and inevitably diminish; alas, such prophecies have not come
to pass. Religion, and the role played by it in society, remains as deeply entrenched as ever before. As
a matter of fact, globalization has unleashed a clash of civilizations, and has brought different and
widely differing ideologies into direct contact with each other, often unleashing waves of terror. In
the wide array and assortment of papers that we have been publishing over the years, we have
introduced many different concepts that we believe can greatly help in understanding the role
religion plays in relation to society. Readers can easily reference these papers. In this paper, we
attempt to take our endeavours to a much higher level, to analyse how the beneficial aspects of
religion can be magnified and amplified, and the negative implications of religion curtailed. We also
lay out the contours of social science research that can effectively tackle the menace of religious
fanaticism and hatred, and draw out a road map and a course of action other researchers and
scholars can easily relate to.
Rebooting Pedagogy and Education systems for the Twenty-first Century: Why ...Sujay Rao Mandavilli
Education is the fundamental pillar upon which any human civilization rests. As a matter of fact, no civilization in any meaningful form or degree has been possible in human history that has not been built on the bulwark and edifice of education. While literacy may have been limited to the privileged few in early ancient civilizations, it was these privileged few who controlled the masses and set the tempo for meaningful progress in such civilizations; educational systems have proven to be the
bedrock and foundational pillar upon which much of human accomplishment and achievement have rested, too. In spite of the naysayers, the cynics and the pessimists, education has expanded greatly in the twentieth century; while the worlds’ earliest civilizations were not western in the canonical sense of the term, there is no denying that western civilizations have pulled away strongly since then. Riding on the shoulders on ancient Greece, western intellectualism has been the bulwark upon which the superstructure of modern civilization has been built. Even as recently as the middle of the twentieth
century, the rest of the world (as opposed to the west) had a lot of catching up to do.
Thankfully and mercifully, a lot has changed since then. India in the 1950’s and 1960’s emphasized higher education but neglected universal primary education as evidenced by low primary school enrollments, and a high rate of dropouts. Since then, programs and schemes such as the Sarva Siksha
Abhiyan or education for all programs have increased primary school enrollment considerably; India now comfortably stands on the threshold of universal adult literacy. While the quantity of education has been augmented, quality has often failed to keep pace. The tenets and the essential doctrines forming a part and parcel of the foundational pillars of pedagogy and education are antiquated and are still steeped in the western experience. What is worse is that is very little awareness on the issue
of the need for change; this must be the foundation of all meaningful change, but alas, that foundation has yet to be built. In this book, we draw upon our long list of papers on the social science, particularly
anthropological pedagogy and the sociology of science, and propose the direction we believe
pedagogy must take in the twenty first century. This can be no one man army; we invite other scholars to contribute in eminent measure. We also believe that this i.e., a foundational assessment of the
concepts of pedagogy must become one of the more important and vital movements of the twenty-first century.
This work is also at the heart of our globalization of science movement as many, if not most concepts in various fields of the social science are based on old and archaic western-centric paradigms. There is
also an unnatural gap between various fields of social sciences and the non-social sciences too, just as careerism is rampant across disciplines and what we called ....
Sujay Rao Mandavilli is an IT professional and anthropologist who founded the Institute for the Study of the Globalisation of Science. He has published extensively on topics including language dynamics, historiography, theories of socio-cultural change, identity theory, and Indo-European studies. He believes that incorporating diverse perspectives from around the world can lead to improved social science theories and greater scientific output globally.
Sujay Rethinking Journal classification FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
In this paper, we challenge Jeffrey Beall’s still dominant in the psyche approach to journal classification
and some other ill-conceived approaches to journal classification, and attempt to show why such
reductionist views are harmful to the healthy growth of science. While scientific fraud in any form must
be horsewhipped and must not be exonerated or absolved at any cost and under any circumstances,
journal classification and all other attendant issues and factors impacting and affecting science and
healthy scientific progress must be taken in all the seriousness they deserve and merit, and must be
assessed holistically and comprehensively. The scholars’ and the researchers’ point of view must also be
taken into account and consideration at all times, and they must be asked to provide a reasonable and an
elaborate justification and validation for all their actions including justifications for their publications in
less prominent or less prestigious journals. We also propose an alternative approach to journal
classification and ranking, but as no one researcher may be able to think through all the factors impacting
and affecting the issue comprehensively enough, we invite other interested and concerned scholars,
authors, scientists, researchers and educators to contribute more meaningfully to the benefit of the entire
process.
Sujay Rao Mandavilli is an IT professional and anthropologist who founded the Institute for the Study of the Globalisation of Science. He has published extensively on topics including language dynamics, historiography, theories of socio-cultural change, identity theory, and Indo-European studies. The document provides biographical information on Mandavilli and lists his academic qualifications, publications, membership in professional organizations, and areas of research expertise.
Sujay Rao Mandavilli is an IT professional and anthropologist who founded the Institute for the Study of the Globalisation of Science. He has published extensively on topics including language dynamics, historiography, theories of socio-cultural change, identity theory, and Indo-European studies. The document provides biographical information on Mandavilli and lists his academic qualifications, publications, membership in professional organizations, and areas of research expertise.
Sujay Rao Mandavilli is an IT professional and anthropologist who founded the Institute for the Study of the Globalisation of Science. He has published extensively on topics including language dynamics, historiography, theories of socio-cultural change, identity theory, and Indo-European studies. The document provides biographical information on Mandavilli and lists his academic qualifications, publications, membership in professional organizations, and areas of research expertise.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
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∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
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±
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,
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km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
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Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
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cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
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CDM. Therefore unlike low-
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Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
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truly diverge from their low-
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counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark UniverseSérgio Sacani
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.