Drugs are a major constraints in our community targeting adults and young people. Substance abuse education is vital to teach the society of the danger of all the types of drugs that are out there. this slide serves the purpose of teaching people and making them aware. It defines what is substance abuse, the types of drugs and their examples, how it affects the neurotransmitters, the effects that drugs have on our body and mind.

1. SUBSTANCE ABUSE
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(MASHUP OF SLIDES) SECONDARY SOURCED BY CHARMAINE

2. SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• Substance abuse is significant problem for
the society and healthcare system all over
the world .
• Substance abuse is a patterned use of a
substance (drug) in which the user consumes
the substance in amounts or with methods
neither approved nor supervised by medical
professionals

3. Why do people abuse drugs?
Biopsychosocial Theory

4. Common Properties of
Addiction
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Physical dependence
Tolerance
Withdrawal symptoms
Drug rebound effect

5. Dependence
• A state of physiological and/or
psychological need to take more of a
substance after continued use.
• Withdrawal follows if the drug is
discontinued

6. Tolerance
• Reduced responsiveness to a drug,
prompting the user to increase the
dosage to achieve effects previously
obtained by lower doses of the drug

7. Tolerance

8. Withdrawal
• The discomfort and distress that follow
when a person who is dependent on a
drug discontinues the use of the drug
• Withdrawal symptoms are usually the
opposite of the drug’s effects – Drug
Rebound Effect

9. Drug Classifications

10. Depressants
• Drugs that reduce neural activity and
slow body functioning
• Includes alcohol and sedatives

11. •Alcohol
•Barbiturates
•Tranquilizers
•Ambien
•Rohypnol (Roofies)

12. Stimulants
• Drugs that excite neural activity and
speed up body functions
• Include: caffeine, nicotine,
amphetamines, and cocaine
• All are at least mildly addictive.

13. •Caffeine
•Nicotine
•Cocaine
•Amphetamines
•Bath salts

14. Alcohol (ethyl alcohol)
• Found in beer, wine, and liquor
• The second most used psychoactive
drug (caffeine first)
• Slows thinking, and impairs physical
activity

15. Hallucinogens/Psychedelic Drugs
• Drugs that distort perceptions and evoke
sensory images in the absence of
sensory input
• Include: LSD, Mescaline and Marijuana

16. •Marijuana (mild)
•Mushrooms
•LSD
•Spice/K2/Synthetic Marijuana

17. Opiates/Narcotics
• Drugs that depress neural activity,
temporarily lessen pain and anxiety and
produce feelings of euphoria
• Include: opium, morphine, and heroin

18. • Morphine
• Heroin
•Oxycontin
• Percoset
•Vicodin/hydrocodone

19. How is it used?
INJECTED
SMOKED
SNORTED

20. Drugs and
Neurotransmission

21. Neurotransmission
• The process whereby neurons
communicate with each other
• Neurotransmission, especially in the
brain and spinal cord, helps explain the
effects of psychoactive drugs.
• Psychoactive drugs interfere with
normal neurotransmission.

22. Neurotransmitters
• Chemical messengers that cross synaptic
gaps between neurons
• When released by the sending neuron,
neurotransmitters travel across the
synapse and bind to receptor sites on the
receiving neuron, setting up the next
link in the chain of communication.

23. Neural Activity

24. An overview of normal signalling by neurotransmitter

25. How Cocaine Works

26. EFFECTS OF
DRUGS IN OUR
BRAIN AND BODY

27. IT RUINS OUR PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

28. Alcohol’s Affect on the Brain
Alcoholism shrinks the brain

29. SHORT TERM
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Sensory distortion
Panic
Anxiety
Poor coordination of movement
Lowered reaction time
After an initial “up,” the user feels sleepy or
depressed
• Increased heartbeat (and risk of heart
attack)

31. Bones will mature early, growth can be
stunted, can cause sever acne,
increased cholesterol,
rapid weight gain,
liver damage,
kidney tumors,
heart disease
and heart attacks.

32. Feeling of
paranoia, panic
attacks,
depression,
anxiety and
even suicidal
thoughts

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Physical Effects of Chronic
Drinking
Peripheral neuropathy
Alcoholic cardiomiopathy
Esophagitis
Gastritis
Pancreatitis
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia

35. WHY?
What is wrong with
being YOUNG?

36. There are many difficult physical and
emotional changes that take place when
young people move from childhood to the
teenage years, a period often called
adolescence.
This is generally the critical time
when most young people begin
experimenting with drugs.

37. RESIST!
AND
SAY NO!

38. “Get High with GOD;
Not with Drugs.”

39. Reference list
 Dr Manasia. 1 month. Substance – related disorders
 Trikochi. 2011. drug education
 Scott25gp. 2013. illegal drugs
 University of Miami, 2012, substance abuse
 Gosrani, P. 6 months. Addictive and Psychotropic drugs