The document discusses identifying cause-and-effect relationships in stories. It provides examples of situations where saying magic words leads to either seeing one's future husband or the devil appearing based on what happens. It also discusses a quote about stopping the habit of admiring oneself in mirrors or risk seeing something frightening. The document explains that events in stories are often connected by cause and effect, with cue words helping identify which event came first and was the cause and which event followed as the effect. It provides examples of common cue words that indicate cause-and-effect relationships.

1. IDENTIFYING CAUSE –
EFFECT REALTIONSHIP
By noting signals of causality

2. Study the situation.
And if everything went all right after
saying the magic words: “ Mirror, mirror,
show to me him whose woman I will be, “
the face of the man one would marry
would appear above the left shoulder. But
if something went wrong, one would see
the devil.

3. Let’s analyze…
In the situation, which happened first?
Which comes after the first event?
How do you know? Did you find any
clues to say which happens first and which
is the result?

4. Let’s see…
FIRST: Whether everything turns out to be
good or bad after saying the magic words
“Mirror, mirror, show to me, him whose
woman I will be”.
AFTERWARDS: The appearance of the
ideal man or the devil.
CUE WORD: ‘If’

5. Study this…
“You must stop this naughty habit, darling,
of admiring yourself in the very mirror you
pass – or you might see something
frightful someday.”

6. So…
“You must stop this naughty habit, darling,
of admiring yourself in the very mirror you
pass – or you might see something
frightful someday.”
FIRST: Stop the habit or
AFTERWARDS: You might see something
frightful.
CUE WORDS: ?

7. Because…
Events in the literary work are often
connected by cause and effect. This means
one event is the reason another event
happens.
CAUSE is the event that happens first.
EFFECT is the result that follows the
cause. The effect can be an event or a
change in the way a character behaves or
thinks.

8. More so…
Sometimes, there are CUE words and
phrases that point out causes and their effects.
Some are BECAUSE, THEREFORE, SINCE,
IN ORDER, THAT, SO THAT, and IF –
THEN.
Sometimes, the effect does not follow the
cause right away. It may happen later in the
story. Sometimes, too, a story may begin with
the effect and work back to the cause. Other
times, events are stated out of sequence. In this
case, cue words will help you sort them out.

9. Examples…
- When water is heated, the molecules move quickly.
- A tornado blew the roof of the house and as a
result, the family had to find another place to live.
- Because the alarm was not set, the were late for
work.
- John made a rude comment so Elise hit him.
- Since Helium rises, a helium balloon floats.

10. Exercises:
Fill in the blanks with the correct cue word and tell which is
the cause and which is the effect in the following situations.
- I had lung cancer _______ I smoked cigarettes at a very
young age.
- A basketball player was travelling _____ the referee called a
penalty.
- _____ school was cancelled today, we went to the mall.
- Wind is produced _____ the surface of the Earth is heated.
- Maria did not follow the recipe correctly, ______ the cake
did not come out as expected.

11. Assignment:
Watch a news program on TV. List at least five
reported current events connected by cause
and effect.