English version of the MSc final work held at Universitat de Barcelona - Centro Universitario Internacional de Barcelona (2017, Spain). MSc in Renewable Energy and Energetic Sustainability.
Tutor: Bernat Codina
Co-tutor: Graciela Salum
Jury: Camila Barreneche, Alejandro Calderón
Bentham & Hooker's Classification. along with the merits and demerits of the ...
Study of the solar radiation in Ecuador and its effects on the behavior of photovoltaic panels
1. Javier García Molleja
Tutor: Bernat Codina (Universitat de Barcelona)
Co-Tutor: Graciela Salum (Yachay Tech)
MSc in Renewable Energy and Energetic Sustainability
2. Ecuador bets for a change of its energy matrix,
relying on renewable energy.
Hydraulic energy will be the main power
source.
In isolated regions it will be necessary a
combination between different renewable
sources.
Solar energy is an interesting topic because of
the geographical location of the country.
5. The complex Ecuadorian orography (Andean
Sierra) promotes the use of solar radiation.
However, at these average altitudes in the
Sierra (2000 masl) UV radiation is important.
Let’s focus on UVB component, because of this
radiation increases 19% each 1000 m of climb.
UVB radiation is very important: is an
energetic radiation with biological effects and
provokes material degradation.
6. A SYSM-20S solar panel
(single crystalline Si) was
used. The characteristic
parameters (Isc and Voc)
were determined.
With thermocouple, panel
(TP) and room (Ta)
temperatures were
measured.
The I-V curve was
obtained using a variable
load.
FF = 0.747
hSTC = 11.5%
RS = 3.78 W
RP = 2657.09 W
7. The region of study was Ibarra (Ecuador)
located at 0.337024ºN; 78.145163ºW, 2220 masl,
UTC-5.
Measurements were performed under clear sky
condition on 7/16/2017.
Solar noon was at 12:18 pm.
A characterization of solar panel parameters
allows to determine the solar radiation received
during this day.
The effects of UVB radiation (290 - 320 nm)
were considered, too.
8.
9. Isc grows with the local time and reaches a
maximum at solar noon. After this, current
decreases.
On the other hand, Voc is almost the same when
TP is high.
10.
11. It is clear that Isc has the same behavior than
GP.
If STC parameters are known, a relationship
between them is possible.
12. Estimated values are similar to the ones of
other experimental studies.
Using satellite databases allow to know the
weather condition during measurements.
SMARTS2 model of solar radiation was used
with these weather parameters as inputs in
order to know the spectral irradiances.
Fixing values similar to the ones obtained
during the noon is a good technique to obtain
SMARTS2 irradiance predictions for each
measurement.
13. AOD550 = 0.131
O3 = 257.6 DU
CO2 = 405.75 ppm
Ta = 24.2 ºC
RH = 54.4%
PWC = 2.61 cm
Albedo = 0.17
14. The area of the Gaussian curve gives the
insolation during the day: 8.975 kWh/m2.
15. During the day the weight of each spectral
range on the total irradiance changes.
UV radiation behaves similar to the total
irradiance and VIS and IR ranges behave in a
opposite manner.
17. With SMARTS2 is possible to identify the
atmospheric state during measurements.
With this model several characteristics can be
analyzed: atmospheric turbidity, the O3
contribution, Rayleigh scattering, aerosols and
H2O vapor.
18.
19. According to the
equation of the
efficiency, at higher
TP a decrease of h
must be detected.
This is caused by
the k parameter.
In our experiment
this is confirmed.
20. Qualitatively, both irradiances have the same
behavior.
UVB insolation was 0.031 kWh/m2.
21. There is a relationship between both
irradiances.
This relationship is dependent on time, so it
behaves like a function.
A quadratic relationship is proposed in the
present work.
22. A clear
relationship
between efficiency
and UVB
irradiance was not
detected.
Higher GP, lesser
h.
This is caused by
the arrival of
higher amounts of
IR photons, with
energy below the
band gap.
23. Ibarra is located at an altitude where UVB
photons can arrive to the surface.
These photons have very high energy, so in the
semiconductor thermalization processes can be
developed.
This process could be related to a TP increase.
High temperatures developed by high
irradiances cause, in a long period of time,
early panel degradation.
25. We studied the behavior of a SYSM-20S solar
panel at Ibarra (Ecuador) and the influence of
the solar radiation on this panel.
Measurements were carried on under clear sky
conditions on 7/16/2017.
Several I-V and P-V curves were performed.
26. With a simple equation is possible to find a
relationship between Isc and GP.
Using these values and the SMARTS2 model
the total global and the UVB insolations were
determined: 8.975 kWh/m2 and 0.031 kWh/m2,
respectively.
On the other hand, it was verified that lower h
values are reached when GP and TP values
increase.
27. SMARTS2 determined that Rayleigh scattering and
aerosols absorb the shortwave radiation and that
the water vapor absorbs the longwave radiation.
A linear relationship between h and TP was
proved.
GP and GUVB are related with a quadratic function
dependent on time.
h decreases when GP (and GUVB) reach high values.
GUVB has an important influence on TP via
thermalization effects.
28. To the jury of this conference:
Camila Barreneche (Universitat de Barcelona)
Alejandro Calderón (Universitat de Barcelona)
To my tutors, Bernat and Graciela
To my wife, parents, friends and students
To UNIBA3001 group, and Saravana, Bruna
and Eduardo
To our beloved and mistreated planet Earth