Heat transfer course project. this project determines the solar radiation energy of the sun using basic tools such as arduino microcontrolller, temperature sensors and labview interface You can find the project report in this link https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_lR1tM2uLiZZnB4WUphV2x0OXc/view?usp=sharing

1. Determination of
RADIATIONSOLAR
By
• Ahmed Radwan
• Amr Mousa
• Hazem Hamdy
• Mostafa Elewa

2. 𝜀 =
2ℎ 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓 − 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 − 𝛼𝐺𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟
2𝜎(𝑇𝑠𝑘𝑦
4
+ 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟
4 ) − 2𝜎𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓
4

3. Final Idea (The solar energy
incident )

4. Methodology
Mathematical equations
𝑄𝑖𝑛 = 𝑄 𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝛼𝐺𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 + 𝜀𝜎𝑇𝑠𝑘𝑦
4
+ 𝜀𝜎𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟
4
= 2𝜖𝜎𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓
4
+ 2ℎ(𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓 − 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟)

5. h (heat conviction coefficient)
𝑅𝑒 =
𝑉𝐿
𝑣
=
5 ∗ 0.12
1.7 ∗ 10−5 = 35.25 ∗ 103
𝑁𝑢 =
ℎ𝐿
𝐾
= 0.664 𝑅𝑒 𝑃𝑟1 3

6. Martial Parameters
𝜀 = 0.09 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛼 = 0.525
• Commercial Aluminum

7. Tsky
𝑇𝑠𝑘𝑦 = 4
Ԑ 𝑠 𝑇𝑎𝑖𝑟
Ԑ 𝑠 = 0.77 + 0.0038 𝑇𝑑𝑝
The value of Tsky depends on the atmospheric conditions.
It ranges from about 230 K for cold, clear-sky conditions
to about 285 K for warm, cloudy-sky conditions.

8. Methodology
I. Hardware

9. Lm35 temperature sensors with Arduino.
Methodology
I. Hardware

10. Methodology
II. Software

11. Experiment Steps
 To calculate the two parts of the G solar we first poisoned our base to take angle
theta = 90 with the sun as cos (90) = 0 so G solar = G diffuse
 We then calculate data using lab View program which we will explain later that
collect data and calculate mean value
 Second with the base at angle 30 with earth we calculate sun angle at this time
and we get the angle between sun and the aluminum plate to be 18 degree
𝑄𝑖𝑛 = 𝑄 𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝛼𝐺𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 + 𝜀𝜎𝑇𝑠𝑘𝑦
4
+ 𝜀𝜎𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟
4
= 2𝜖𝜎𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓
4
+ 2ℎ(𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓 − 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟)

13. Results
𝐺 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 =
2𝜀𝜎𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓
4
+ 2ℎ 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓 − 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 − 2𝜀𝜎(𝑇𝑠𝑘𝑦
4
+ 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟
4
𝛼
𝐺 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 1.944 ∗ 10−8 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓
4
− 𝑇𝑠𝑘𝑦
4
− 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟
4 + 94.66(𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓 − 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟
𝑇𝑠𝑘𝑦 = 0.86 𝑇𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑮 𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒖𝒔𝒆 = 𝟐𝟐𝟔. 𝟖𝟓 𝑾/𝒎 𝟐
𝑮 𝑫𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕 = 𝟐𝟔𝟓. 𝟔𝟔 𝑾/𝒎 𝟐

14. Future Work
 Knowing the G solar direct and diffuse for specific material, we
could replace the plate on the base with any unknown material we
want to know its emissivity and calculate it using same equations.
 Make the LabVIEW program fully automated in gathering
information about the weather and the surrounding environment
with very few inputs

15. References
I. Yunus A. Gengel, and Robert Turner, " Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics ",
McGraw Hill,2014 , 8th Edition
II. Yunus A. Cengel, “Heat and Mass Transfer, A Practical Approach,” 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill,
2006.
III. Sultan A (2004) Absorption/regeneration non-conventional system for water extraction from
atmospheric air. Renew Energy 29:1515–1535
IV. Berdahl P, Fromberg R (1982) The thermal radiance of clear skies. Sol Energy 29:299–314
V. Khedari J, Waewsak J, Thepa S, Hirunlabh J (2000) Field investigation of night radiation cooling
under tropical climate. Renew Energy 20:183–193
VI. Cooper PI, Christie EA, Dunkle RV (1981) A method of measuring sky temperature. Sol Energy
26:153–159 Heat Mass Transfer (2011) 47:1171–1180 1179 123
VII. Enz JW, Klink JC, Baker DG (1975) Solar radiation effects on pyrgeometer performance. J Appl
Meteor 19:1297