This Presentation Contains Railway engineering concepts. The contents covered are Permanent way: Requirement, its component. Feel free to write in Comment Section or drop a line in my Inbox amanbathla710@gmail.com.
This Presentation Contains Railway engineering concepts. The contents covered are Permanent way: Requirement, its component. Feel free to write in Comment Section or drop a line in my Inbox amanbathla710@gmail.com.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
Railway secondary part of the transportation . Railway use of maximum materials transport of one place to other place. Particular time of number of trains are move of particular junction so these part are used of points and crossing.
Best helpful of these ppt of railway track and design purposes.
Rail Gauges and Rail standards [Useful for Civil Engineering Students IECT SPPU]Tushar Sonawane
Useful for Third year Civil Engineering Students of Savitribai Phule Pune university, Pune (University of Pune)
This PPT shows the details regarding Rail gauges and Rail Standards used in Indian Railways.
Few more PPTs and Videos are available at my blog tusharhsonawane.wordpress.com
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
Railway secondary part of the transportation . Railway use of maximum materials transport of one place to other place. Particular time of number of trains are move of particular junction so these part are used of points and crossing.
Best helpful of these ppt of railway track and design purposes.
Rail Gauges and Rail standards [Useful for Civil Engineering Students IECT SPPU]Tushar Sonawane
Useful for Third year Civil Engineering Students of Savitribai Phule Pune university, Pune (University of Pune)
This PPT shows the details regarding Rail gauges and Rail Standards used in Indian Railways.
Few more PPTs and Videos are available at my blog tusharhsonawane.wordpress.com
Mumbai Nagpur High Speed Rail Corridor. The route must be technically feasible in terms of terrain, elevation, and alignment. The railway tracks
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. Railway Track Gauge
Mr MANIVEL M
FACULTY,CIVIL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
PANDIT DEENDAYAL PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY
GANDHINAGAR
2. Introduction
• Gauge is defined as the minimum distance
between inner face two rails. Indian Railways
follows this standard practice and the gauge is
measured as the clear minimum distance
between the running faces of the two rails as
shown in Fig. 2.1.
3. TYPES OF GAUGES IN INDIA
The different gauges in India are of the following
these types :-
1. Broad gauge (1676),
2. Meter gauge (1000),
3. Narrow gauge (762 mm & 610 mm).
In India, efforts are being made to convert all N.G. and M.G. lines
to B.G. lines on important sections as and when funds are
available.
4. Permanent Way
Permanent way: The combination of rails, fitted
on sleepers with the help of fixtures and
fastenings and resting on ballast and subgrade
is called the railway track or permanent way.
5.
6. Choice of Gauge
• The choice of gauge is very limited, as each
country has a fixed gauge and all new railway
lines are constructed to adhere to the
standard gauge. However, the following
factors theoretically influence the choice of
the gauge.
7. 1.Cost Considerations:
There is only a marginal increase in the cost of the track if
a wider gauge is adopted. In this connection, the
following points are important.
(a) There is a proportional increase in the cost of
acquisition of land, earthwork, rails, sleepers, ballast,
and other track items when constructing a wider gauge.
(b) The cost of building bridges, culverts, and tunnels
increases only marginally due to a wider gauge.
(c) The cost of constructing station buildings, platforms,
staff quarters, level crossings, signals, etc. associated
with the railway network is more or less the same for all
gauges.
(d) The cost of rolling stock is independent of the gauge of
the track for carrying the same volume of traffic.
8. 2. Traffic Considerations:
The volume of traffic depends upon the size of
wagons and the speed and hauling capacity of the
train.
(a) As a wider gauge can carry larger wagons and
coaches, it can theoretically carry more traffic.
(b) A wider gauge has a greater potential at higher
speeds, because speed is a function of the
diameter of the wheel, which in turn is limited by
the width of the gauge.
(c) The type of traction and signalling equipment
required are independent of the gauge.
9. 3. Physical Features of the Country:
It is possible to adopt steeper gradients and
sharper curves for a narrow gauge a compared
to a wider gauge.
4. Uniformity of Gauge:
The existence of a uniform gauge in a country
enables smooth, speedy, and efficient
operation of trains. Therefore a single gauge
should be adopted irrespective of the minor
advantages of a wider gauge and the few
limitations of a narrower gauge.
10. Problems Caused by Change of Gauge
The need for uniformity of gauge has been
recognized by all the advanced countries of
the world. A number of problems have
cropped up in the operation of Indian Railways
because of the use of three gauges. The ill
effects of change of gauge (more popularly
known as break of gauge) are numerous;
some of these are enumerated here.
11. 1.Inconvenience to Passengers:
Due to change of gauge, passengers have to change
trains mid-journey along with their luggage, which
causes inconvenience such as the following.
(a) Climbing stairs and crossing bridges
(b) Finding seats in the compartments of the later
trains
(c) Missing connections with the later trains in case
the earlier train is late
(d) Harassment caused by porters
(e) Transporting luggage
(f) Uncertainty and delay in reaching the destination
12. 2. Difficulty in Trans-shipment of Goods:
Goods have to be trans-shipped at the point where
the change of gauge takes place. This causes the
following problems.
(a) Damage to goods during trans-shipment.
(b) Considerable delay in receipt of goods at the
destination.
(c) Theft or misplacement of goods during trans-
shipment and the subsequent claims.
(d) Non-availability of adequate and specialized
trans-shipment labour and staff, particularly
during strikes.
13. 3. Inefficient Use of Rolling Stock:
As wagons have to move empty in the direction
of the trans-shipment point, they are not fully
utilized. Similarly, idle wagons of one gauge
cannot be moved on another gauge.
4. Hindrance to Fast Movement of Goods and
Passenger Traffic:
Due to change in the gauge, traffic cannot move
fast which becomes a major problem
particularly during emergencies such as war,
floods, and accidents.
14. 5. Additional Facilities at Stations and Yards:
(a) Costly sheds and additional facilities need to be
provided for handling the large volume of goods
at trans-shipment points.
(b) Duplicate equipment and facilities such as yards
and platforms need to be provided for both
gauges at trans-shipment points.
6. Difficulties in Balanced Economic Growth:
• The difference in gauge also leads unbalanced
economic growth. This happens because
industries set up near MG/NG stations cannot
send their goods economically and efficiently to
areas being served by BG stations.
15. 7. Difficulties in Future Gauge Conversion
Projects:
Gauge conversion is quite difficult, as it requires
enormous effort to widen existing tracks.
Widening the gauge involves heavy civil
engineering work such as widening of the
embankment, the bridges and tunnels, as well
as the tracks; additionally, a wider rolling stock
is also required. During the gauge conversion
period, there are operational problems as well
since the traffic has to be slowed down and
even suspended for a certain period is order to
execute the work.
16. Uni-gauge Policy of Indian Railways
The multi-gauge system is not only costly and
cumbersome but also causes serious
bottlenecks in the operation of the Railways
and hinders the balanced development of the
country. Indian Railways therefore took the
bold decision in 1992 of getting rid of the
multi-gauge system and following the unigauge
policy of adopting the broad gauge (1676 mm)
uniformly.
17. Benefits of Adopting BG (1676 mm) as
the Uniform Gauge
The uni-gauge system will be highly beneficial to
rail users, the railway administration, as well
as to the nation as described below.
1.No Transport Bottlenecks:
There will be no transport bottlenecks after a
uniform gauge is adopted and this will lead to
improved operational efficiency resulting in
fast movement of goods and passengers.
18. 2.No Trans-shipment Hazards:
There will no hazards of trans-shipment and as
such no delays, no damage to goods, no
inconvenience to passengers of transfer from
one train to another train.
3.Provisions of Alternate Routes:
Through a uni-gauge policy, alternate routes will
be available for free movement of traffic and
there will be less pressure on the existing BG
network. This is expected to result in long-haul
road traffic reverting to the railways.
19. 4.Better Turn round:
There will be a better turn round of wagons and
locomotives, and their usage will improve the
operating ratio of the railway system as a whole. As a
result the community will be benefited immensely.
5.Improved Utilization of Track:
There will be improved utilization of tracks and
reduction in the operating expenses of the railway.
6.Balanced Economic Growth:
20. 7.No Multiple Tracking Works:
The uni-gauge project will eliminate the need for
certain traffic facilities and multiple tracking
works, which will offset the cost of gauge
conversions to a certain extent.
8.Better Transport Infrastructure:
Some of the areas served by the MG have the
potential of becoming highly industrialized;
skilled manpower is also available. The uni-
gauge policy will help in providing these areas
a better transportation infrastructure.
21. 9.Boosting Investor’s Confidence:
With the liberalization of the economic policy,
the uni-gauge projects of the Indian Railways
have come to play a significant role. This will
help in boosting the investors’ confidence that
their goods will be distributed throughout the
country in time and without any hindrance.
This will also help in setting up industries in
areas not yet exploited because of the lack of
infrastructure facilities.
22. Loading gauge
A loading gauge defines the maximum
height and width for railway vehicles and
their loads to ensure safe passage through
bridges, tunnels and other structures.
The loading gauge determines the sizes of
passenger trains and the size of shipping
containers that can be conveyed on a
section of railway line and varies across the
world and often within a single railway
system.
24. Construction gauge.
By adding suitable clearance at the top
side of the loading gauge construction
gauge is obtained.
It decides the dimensions such as
height and width of structures in
bridges and tunnels along the track
so that all wagons may pass through
them without damage to the
structures