Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels, with three main types: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Symptoms vary by type, including frequent urination and blurred vision, with risk factors encompassing family history and lifestyle choices. Management includes monitoring blood glucose, medication, wise meal planning, and regular exercise to minimize complications.

1. Diabetes: At a Glance
By Deepmala Chawdhary

2. What is Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic
disease that affects
your body’s ability to
change food into
energy. It is
characterized by high
blood glucose levels.
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3. TYPES OF DIABETES
TYPE 1 OR TYPE 2 OR
JUVENILE ADULT
DIABETES ONSET
DIABETES
GESTATION
AL
DIABETES
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4. TYPE 1 OR JUVENILE DIABETES
Body stops making insulin because body’s immune system
destroys insulin producing cells (called beta-cells) in the pancreas.
People need to take insulin injections every day. It occurs in
children and young adults.
TYPE 2 OR ADULT ONSET DIABETES
It occurs when your body can’t use insulin properly or it does not
make enough insulin. This type is seen in adults who are
overweight and less active.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
This is a temporary type of diabetes which women get during
pregnancy. They are more likely to get type 2 diabetes when they
get older.
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5. SYMPTOMS
TYPE 1 DIABETES TYPE 2 DIABETES
 Frequent urination  Any of type 1
 Unusual thirst symptoms
 Extreme hunger  Blurred vision
 Unusual weight loss
 Cuts/bruises those
 Extreme fatigue
are slow to heal
 Irritability
 Tingling/numbness
in hands & feet
READ MORE...  Infection of skin,
gums, bladder or
vagina.
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6. RISK FACTORS
TYPE1 DIABETES TYPE 2 DIABETES
 Family history: Having Have immediate family
one parent with type 1 with diabetes.
diabetes. (The risk is  Are overweight(BMI above
greater if father has a 25)
condition)  Are at least 45 years old.
 being ill in early  Are not physically active.
infancy.  Have high blood pressure,
 Having an auto low HDL, or high
immune disorder such triglycerides.
as Grave’s disease,  Have had gestational
hypothyroid, Addison’s diabetes.
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7. DIAGNOSIS
Diabetes is diagnosed by blood
sugar (glucose) testing.
 Fasting and before meal blood
glucose: 70-130mg/dl.
 1-2 hours after start of a meal :
<180mg/dl.
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8. COMPLICATIONS
ACUTE
 Dangerously elevated blood sugar
(hyperglycemia)
 Normally low sugar (hypoglycemia)
due to diabetic medication.
CHRONIC
 Diseases of blood vessels which can
damage the feet, eyes, kidneys, nerves
and heart.
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9. TREATMENT
There are four keys to manage
diabetes.
Medication
Monitoring and
your blood prescription
glucose
levels
Wise meal
Exercise planning
regularly
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10. TREATMENT
MONITORING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
This is very important to the management of diabetes
because: That’s how you know right way if you are
keeping your blood glucose near normal.
It will tell you rather quickly whether your treatment
(diet, exercise, and medication) are working for you.
EXERCISE REGULARLY
Exercise can actually help control blood sugar levels as
it depresses insulin production & also prompts muscle
cells to take in more glucose from blood stream.
It also improves the cardio vascular system, thus
reducing the risk of heart attack.
It also encourages the weight loss which can have big
benefits for people with diabetes.
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11. TREATMENT
PLANNING YOUR MEAL WISELY
1. Generally many people with diabetes seem to
tolerate a more moderate carbohydrate (around 50%
of calories from carbohydrates), moderate fat
(30%calories from fat), and moderate proteins
(around 20% calories from proteins) way of eating.
2. Make fiber apart of almost every meal. There are two
types of fibers Soluble and insoluble fibers. Soluble
fiber is a vital component of blood glucose control for
many people. It leaves the stomach slowly so it
makes you feel satisfied longer. Insoluble fiber is not
digested by the body causes other carbohydrates in
the meal to be digested and absorbed more slowly,
encouraging lower blood sugar. Beans, oats &oats
bran, barley, fruits like apple, pear, berries, oranges,
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12. TREATMENT
PLANNING YOUR MEAL WISELY
3. Switch to smart carbohydrates and emphasize on
low glycemic load foods. High glycemic index foods,
such as white bread & white rice, give you a quick
blood sugar boost that also fades quickly, leaving
you hungry again. Low glycemic index foods such as
whole grains & beans keep you feeling full longer,
because they cause your blood sugar levels to rise
more slowly.
4. Emphasize Heart protective fats.Omega-3 and
monounsaturated fats to make up most of the
30%.Use canola oil, olive oil for cooking, enjoy a
handful of nuts per day & eating fish twice a week.
5. Fat helps slow down digestion in general. It also
helps people feel more satisfied after a meal or
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13. TREATMENT
MEDICATION & PRESCRIPTION
It’s important to work with your healthcare team particularly if insulin is
part of your treatment plan
Read More:
1. Advantages Of Insulin
2. Diabetes Education
3. New Trends in Insulin
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14. PREVEVTION
Awareness
& Education
Weight
management
Healthy
lifestyle
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A forum – Users can get answers for free…..
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question in different
categories.
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your mail and
Dashboard.
 Get sms notifications
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