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Structure of atom final
- 1. Structure of atom Conceptof hybridization Orientation in monosubstitued benzene Anwar R. Shaikh M. Pharm. Ph.D. FIC Pharmacy_2003@rediffmail.com Professor and HOD MCE Society’s Allana College of Pharmacy, PUNE View this animated power point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 2. Structure of atom Atom Nucleus Electrons Protons Neutrons NegativelyCharge Positively Charge Atomic Weight View this animated power point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 3. Oxygen: Atomic number= 6 Number of electrons = 6 Number of protons= 6 Number of neutrons= 6 16 Atomic weight Distribution of electrons= 2, 4, K (1) L (2) M (3) i) Capacity to ii) accommodate two electrons iii) Lower energy
- 4. Distribution of electronsin shells and subshells 1 2 4 3 S S, P S, P, d S, P, d, f
- 5. Energy of electronsincreases as they go away from the nucleus that’s why electron In first shell has lowest energy than electrons in second shell Energy Shell 1 (K) < Shell 2 (L) < Shell 3 (M) Energy Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Energy level Diagram
- 6. Energy Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell3 Energy level Diagram View this animated power point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 7. Atomic orbital= Regionin the space where an electron is likely to found There are different kinds of orbital which have diff. sizes And diff. shapes which are disposed around the nucleus in diff. ways. The particular kind of orbital that an electron occupies depends upon the energy of the electron. Where as the shapes of orbital determine the arrangement in space of the atoms of a molecule and its chemical behavior The electron is considered to form a cloud and the shape of this cloud is considered as the orbital. The cloud is not uniform – it is denser in those regions where the probability of finding the electron is high and at these regions the average negative charge or the electron density is greater.
- 8. The electrons inthe orbital are not static they are in motion (revolving) and due to their revolution they forms a cloud of electrons Low electron density High electron density S orbital S sub shell View this animated power point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 9. P orbital P subshell View this animated power point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 10. Px View this animatedpower point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
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- 13. Ne Neon at groundstate 2px2 2py2 2s2s 1s 1s 1s2 2s2 2px2 2py2 2pz2 2pz2
- 14. C Carbon at groundstate 2px1 2py1 2s2s 1s 1s 2pz 1S2 2S2 2Px1 2Py1 2Pz1
- 15. Concept of Hybridization Theprocess of mixing of pure orbitals to give a set of new equivalent orbitals of Equal energy “Hybridization is necessary for the formation of molecules from atoms” Consider the formation of methane molecule The ground state electronic configuration of carbon (atomic number 6) is 1s2 2s2 2p2 x y z First Shell Second Shell View this animated power point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 16. C Carbon at groundstate 2px1 2py1 2s2s 1s 1s 1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 2pz
- 17. Energy level diagram 1S 2S 2P X y Energy z Excitedstate on of the electron from 2S goes to empty 2pz 1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 2pz1
- 18. C In excited stateone of the electron from 2s goes to empty 2pz subshell 2px 2py 2pz 2s1 1s1s 1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 2pz1 2s Carbon at Ground State Carbon at Excited State
- 19. Energy level diagram 1S 2S 2P X y Energy z EnergyProfile Diagram at excited state of carbon 1S 2Px 2Py 2Pz SP3 hybridized
- 20. Energy level diagram 1S SP3 Energy EnergyProfile Diagram at hybridized state of carbon View this animated power point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 21. Each SP3 hybridized orbitalof carbon now combines with a 1s orbital of Hydrogen to form the molecule of methane Sp3 Sp3 1s1s 1s2 C H H H H Sp3 Sp3 Sp3Sp3 Sp3 Sp3
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- 23. C H H H H View this animatedpower point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 24. • In SP2 Hybridization •One S + 2 P orbitals mixes View this animated power point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 25. Energy level diagram 1S 2S 2P X y Energy z EnergyProfile Diagram at excited state of carbon 1S 2Px 2Py 2Pz SP2 Unhybride
- 26. Energy level diagram 1S SP2 2Pz X y Energy z EnergyProfile Diagram at excited state of carbon 1S 2Px 2Py 2Pz SP2 Unhybride
- 27. In SP2 hybridization oneof 2s and 2 of 2p orbitals combine togather to form three equivalent hybridised orbitals of equal energy content 1s1s 1s2 SP2 2pz1 Sp2 Sp2 Sp2 Unhybridized 2pz SP2 SP2
- 28. C1 Formation of ethene 2py 1s1s Sp2 Sp2 Sp2 Unhybridized2pz 1s1s Sp2 Sp2 Sp2 C2 H H H H S S S S
- 29. C C H H H H Pi Bond SigmaBond View this animated power point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 30. SPHybridization of carbon •1 S + 1 P orbitals mixes to form two SP hybridized orbitals of equal energy
- 31. Energy level diagram 1S 2S 2P X y Energy z Excitedstate on of the electron from 2S goes to empty 2pz 2S2 2Pz
- 32. Energy level diagram 1S 1S 1P 2PX Energy Energy Profile Diagram at excited state of carbon 1S 2Py 2Pz 2 SP hybrid orbital 2Px 2 PY 2 PZ 2 SP hybrid orbital 2Py and 2pZ remains unhybrid
- 33. two equivalent hybridisedorbitals of equal energy content 1s1s 1s2 SP SP 2py1 2pz1 Sp Sp Unhybridized 2py Unhybridized 2pz
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- 35. C C H H PiBond Sigma Bond View this animated power point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 36. Hybridization of nitrogenand formation of ammonia molecule Nitrogen (atomic number 7) electronic configuration at ground state is 1s2 2s2 2p3 View this animated power point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 37. Nitrogen at groundstate is 1s2 2s2 2p3 2pz 1s1s 1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 2pz1 2s 2px 2py 2s N
- 38. Nitrogen at excitedstate is 1s2 2s1 2p4 2pz 1s1s 1s2 2px1 2py1 2pz1 2s 2px 2py 2s 2s2 SP3Lone Pairs
- 39. Sp3 1s1s Sp3 Sp3 Lone Pairs SP3 hybridisationone 2s ans three 2p orbitals mix togather for give four Equivalent sp3 hybridized orbitals 1s2 SP3 SP3 SP3 H N H H SP3
- 40. NH H H View this animatedpower point presentation @ www.authorstream.com
- 41. E-mail: pharmacy_2003@rediffmail.com knowledgepublication@gmail.com View this animatedpower point presentation @ www.authorstream.com Input “search word” Anwar.structure of atom