Bacterial colonisation of the intestine has a major role in the post-natal development and maturation of the immune and endocrine systems. These processes are key factors underpinning central nervous system (CNS) signaling. Regulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis, including that of the CNS. Moreover, there is now expanding evidence for the view that commensal organisms within the gut play a role in early programming and later responsivity of the stress system. Research has focused on how the microbiota communicates with the central nervous system (CNS) and thereby influences brain function. The routes of this communication are not fully elucidated but include neural, humoral, immune and metabolic pathways. This view is underpinned by studies in germ-free animals and in animals exposed to pathogenic bacterial infections, probiotic agents or antibiotic agents which indicate a role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of mood, cognition, pain and obesity. Thus the concept of a microbiota-gut brain axis is emerging which suggests that modulation of the gut microflora may be a tractable strategy for developing novel therapeutics for complex stress-related CNS disorders where there is a huge unmet medical need.
Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in HealthSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Hina Nawaz, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health"
For video: https://youtu.be/W2hfl5_FaF8
What is gut microbiota? What is the influence of diet on the proper functioning of our gut microbiota? How does the gut-brain axis (GBA) influence the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain? Tune into this webinar to find out more about this timely topic.
Learning Objectives:
List the neurological and physiological connections that enable the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain
Identify lifestyle, dietary, and microbial influences on the flow and function of signaling molecules along the gut-microbiota-brain axis
Implement dietary regimens that target the gut and gastrointestinal microbiota to improve or maintain optimal physical and mental health
RDNs earn 1.0 CEU
The gut-brain axis (GBA) consists of bidirectional communication between the central and the enteric nervous system, linking emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. Recent advances in research have described the importance of gut microbiota in influencing these interactions.
Recent research suggests that a variety of lifestyle - especially dietary - changes influencing the integrity of gastrointestinal function may be driving at least some portion of the increased prevalence of illnesses of civilization, including neuropsychiatric problems, such as autism, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and Alzheimer disease. One area of interest involves the relationship between the gut's microbiome (as well as the related functional integrity of the gastrointestinal tract) and mental health.
Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in HealthSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Hina Nawaz, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health"
For video: https://youtu.be/W2hfl5_FaF8
What is gut microbiota? What is the influence of diet on the proper functioning of our gut microbiota? How does the gut-brain axis (GBA) influence the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain? Tune into this webinar to find out more about this timely topic.
Learning Objectives:
List the neurological and physiological connections that enable the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain
Identify lifestyle, dietary, and microbial influences on the flow and function of signaling molecules along the gut-microbiota-brain axis
Implement dietary regimens that target the gut and gastrointestinal microbiota to improve or maintain optimal physical and mental health
RDNs earn 1.0 CEU
The gut-brain axis (GBA) consists of bidirectional communication between the central and the enteric nervous system, linking emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. Recent advances in research have described the importance of gut microbiota in influencing these interactions.
Recent research suggests that a variety of lifestyle - especially dietary - changes influencing the integrity of gastrointestinal function may be driving at least some portion of the increased prevalence of illnesses of civilization, including neuropsychiatric problems, such as autism, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and Alzheimer disease. One area of interest involves the relationship between the gut's microbiome (as well as the related functional integrity of the gastrointestinal tract) and mental health.
The Gut-Brain Connection: An Inside Look at DepressionAugustin Bralley
During a recent Metametrix sponsored breakfast at the IFM Symposium in Hollywood, Florida, Dr. Todd LePine gave a compelling presentation entitled The Gut-Brain Connection: An Inside Look at Depression.
Presentation given at Eva Perry Library about the emerging information on the microbiome. Key highlights include definition of the microbiome, affect of microbiome on health, how to maintain a healthy/balanced microbiome.
A review report on detailed study of research endeavours, undertaken on Human Microbiome, its composition, its implications, applications, disease and other role.
Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system S'eclairer
Dr Zahida Chaudnary talks with the students about nutrition, gut microbiomes, and nutrition as we look at diseases and how your body reacts to what you eat.
Check out the slideshow by itself here.
Want an audio version? Subscribe to our Podcast on iTunes!
Want to join us for the live discussion? Check out our Social Media in the noon hour every Monday as we sit down on Google Hangout OnAir! Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, or Google+ to get updated with the link when we start!
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states.Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, Rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
The Gut-Brain Connection: An Inside Look at DepressionAugustin Bralley
During a recent Metametrix sponsored breakfast at the IFM Symposium in Hollywood, Florida, Dr. Todd LePine gave a compelling presentation entitled The Gut-Brain Connection: An Inside Look at Depression.
Presentation given at Eva Perry Library about the emerging information on the microbiome. Key highlights include definition of the microbiome, affect of microbiome on health, how to maintain a healthy/balanced microbiome.
A review report on detailed study of research endeavours, undertaken on Human Microbiome, its composition, its implications, applications, disease and other role.
Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system S'eclairer
Dr Zahida Chaudnary talks with the students about nutrition, gut microbiomes, and nutrition as we look at diseases and how your body reacts to what you eat.
Check out the slideshow by itself here.
Want an audio version? Subscribe to our Podcast on iTunes!
Want to join us for the live discussion? Check out our Social Media in the noon hour every Monday as we sit down on Google Hangout OnAir! Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, or Google+ to get updated with the link when we start!
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states.Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, Rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
What is health? NUGO International nutrigenomics Conference Wageningen Sept 9...Norwich Research Park
What is health? Can Nutrigenomics allow to quantify metabolic health? (YES)
My very personal conclusions of a wonderful conference (NUGO Week 2011) in Wageningen (The Netherlands) that we organized.
Dr. Lucija Tomljenovic, The biological basis for the neurotoxicity of vaccinesJack Olmsted
Dr. Lucija Tomljenovic is an early career postdoctoral fellow. She was awarded a PhD in 2009 in Biochemistry, from the Comparative Genomics Centre at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia. In 2010, she joined the Neural Dynamics Research Group at the University of British Columbia (Chris Shaw’s lab) and is currently researching the neurotoxic effects of aluminum vaccine adjuvants. Tomljenovic has recently become an Associate Editor of the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease. She values open-minded discussions on controversial topics and the pursuit of truth in research endeavors, wherever they may lead.
Panel:
Kathleen Hallal, GMO Free News Host
Rachel Linden, GMO Free News Co-Host
Zoey O'Toole, Thinking Moms Revolution
Dr. Lucija Tomljenovic
Jack Olmsted, Producer
Dr. Mercola Interview with Dr. Tomljenovic: How Vaccine Adjuvants Affect Your Brain
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2015/03/29/vaccine-adjuvants-brain-effects.aspx
HPV Vaccine Safety and Efficacy Issues: Dr. Tomljenovic's in Vancouver, 2015.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Uu3iWA1UWw
Question List:
Dr. Tomljenovic: Regarding the questions, if there are no comments it means I will answer these questions during the show:
Which vaccines cause the antibodies to attack the brain?
Are some vaccines/adjuvants more prone to do this? Why or why not?
Comment:That is the million dollar question that no one knows the answer to because this issue has not been studied well enough. Even the pharma admits that they do not know exactly how the adjuvants work. I can give some quotes from the pharma experts.
Just wanted to let you know that I cannot answer this question any better than this.
Did you test OTHER body tissues, or just the brain?
Why would the phenomenon of mimicry only work on the brain tissue?
Comment: It does not work only on brain tissue, it can work on any tissue where there is mimicry between the antigen of the virus/bacteria and that of the host
Have you tried immunizing mice at reduced rates (fewer boosters, like they do in Scandanavian countries) and if so, do they have much fewer issues with autoimmunity?
Comment: We have not immunized the mice (we did not inject them with vaccines), we have only given the mice aluminum in the amounts equivalent to that given to children via vaccinations in the US and Scandinavia. At the time we did this study, we did not look for any autoimmune markers, only behavioral outcomes as well as gene expression in the brains of these mice. In both parameters there were abnormal changes (i.e. abnormal behavior and increased expression of certain pro-inflammatory genes in the brain as well as reduced expression of AChE = acetylcholinesterase which has anti-depression/anxiety effect. Low AChE activity is associated with deficits in neurodevelopment)
The Implications of Desynchronized Circadian Rhythms in Human Mental Health a...Cristina Corlito
The organization of the mammalian circadian system relies on temporal order between behavioural and physiological rhythms that are critical to the normal functioning of the body and human health. The hypothesis proposed is that a disruption in the sleep-wake cycle reflects impaired circadian clock functioning, which synergistically leads to the progression and maintenance of a variety of psychiatric disorders. The aging population is most susceptible to the depletion of chronobiological rhythms and sleep deficits, and thus, the development of psychiatric disorders in the elderly warrants attention. By evaluating previous and current literature, it was found that internal temporal disorder in humans may result from both internal and external factors that disrupt the coordinated symphony of the SCN and peripheral oscillators. Sleep disorders and neuropsychiatric illnesses transpire as a result of this chronodisruption. Evidence suggests that sleep disturbances are a causal factor of psychiatric illness, rather than being mere complications. It is proposed that senescence not only predisposes the elderly to chronodisruption and sleep deficits, but also increases their risk for developing frequently comorbid psychiatric illnesses. Increasing public awareness of the multitude of strategies available for harmonious synchronization and optimal well-being are profitable to the elderly in preventing circadian malfunction.
The differences between a cow and a monkey are clear. It is easy to tell a moth from a mosquito. So why are there still scientific studies that mix them up? The answer is simple: hundreds of cell lines stored and used by modern laboratories have been wrongly identified. Some pig cells are labelled as coming from a chicken; cell lines advertised as human have been shown to contain material from hamsters, rats, mice and monkeys. Problems have already been found with more than 400 cell lines. (Cited from Nature 520 (2015)).
An increasing number of scientific publications (i.e. Nature journals) are now sistematically asking for cell line authentication at the moment of paper submission. To help researchers to meet this requirement, UAT is starting to offer a new service for human cell line authentication.
Se realiza una revisión sobre los diversos mecanismos neuroendocrinos que ocurren en la madre y en el recién nacido, y que están relacionados con el inicio y consolidación del apego entre ambos. Se expone el papel que diferentes hormonas y neurotransmisores juegan en la regulación del vínculo en relación con el parto, el postparto inmediato y la lactancia. La interferencia en el inicio del apego entre madre e hijo puede tener potenciales efectos a largo plazo en el comportamiento y en el afecto del recién nacido. La influencia que determinados aspectos relacionados con el parto (como la realización de una cesárea electiva, la administración de hormonas durante el parto, el nacimiento prematuro, la separación madre-hijo o la alimentación mediante biberón) puedan tener sobre el mecanismo neuroendocrino del vínculo y sus consecuencias son objeto de esta revisión
16/03/2015 Seminario VHIR
Dr. Sergio Sosa-Estani. Director del Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", investigador del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet). Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Director del Instituto Nacional de Parasitología-Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben en Argentina. El instituto está involucrado en un extenso programa de investigación, incluso como un referente regional en el diagnóstico, prevención y control de enfermedades prevalentes y emergentes en Argentina, tales como la enfermedad de Chagas, Leishmaniasis y otras.
Sosa-Estani desempeñó como director de la Unidad de Vector Borne de Control de Enfermedades del Ministerio de Salud de Argentina. Tiene más de 50 publicaciones a su nombre, y es el investigador principal o co-investigador en diez proyectos de investigación en curso o finalizados.
Presentation carried out by Casandra Riera, researcher from the Translational Bioinformatics group at VHIR, for the course "Identification and analysis of sequence variants in sequencing
projects: fundamentals and tools"
Presentation carried out by Xavier de la Cruz, head of the Translational Bioinformatics group at VHIR, at the course: Identification and analysis of sequence variants in sequencing projects: fundamentals and tools.
Presentation carried out by Sophia Derdak, from the Data Analysis Team at CNAG, at the course "Identification and analysis of sequence variants in sequencing projects: fundamentals and tools".
Presentation carried out by Sergi Beltran Agulló, from the CNAG, at the course: Identification and analysis of sequence variants in sequencing projects: fundamentals and tools .
Presentation carried out by CNAG's director, Ivo Gut, at the course: Identification and analysis of sequence variants in sequencing projects: fundamentals and tools.
Watch the video of the presentation on Youtube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6CmOWR8klI&feature=youtu.be
Seasonal influenza continues to cause yearly epidemics resulting in severe disease and a significant number of deaths despite available vaccines and antivirals. Even more concerning is the ability of influenza virus to cause pandemics every 10-50 years. In the last years, we and other have characterized several features associated with virus virulence and tropism. In addition, new developments suggest the possibility of universal influenza virus vaccines that induce protective antibodies against conserved regions.
La recerca bàsica i traslacional en malalties rares és fonamental per entendre la fisiologia humana i per desenvolupar teràpies innovadores sovint útils també per malalties molt més prevalents. L’anèmia de Fanconi, caracteritzada per disfunció de la medul·la òssia i predisposició tumoral, n’és un exemple edificant. El primer transplantament de cordó umbilical de la història de la medicina fou en un pacient Fanconi. El primer nen medicament va néixer per curar un pacient Fanconi. El primer cop que s’han generat teixits sans per auto-transplantament curant, desprogramant i re-diferenciant cèl·lules de la pell d’un malalt ha estat en anèmia de Fanconi. I els primers assajos clínics de teràpia gènica s’estan desenvolupat també en malalties de la sang com l’anèmia de Fanconi. Aquests són alguns exemples de com l’estudi de malalties rares por transcendir més enllà del pacient afecte en benefici de tota la societat.
Prof. Milan Macek. Professor of Medical and Molecular Genetics Chairman of Department of Biology and Medical Genetics Division of Clinical Molecular Genetics and the National Cystic Fibrosis Centre- University Hospital Motol and 2nd School of Medicine -Charles University Prague- Czech Republic.
-----
There is an increasing need to manage cost-effectiveness issues of novel or relatively expensive technologies that are currently in use or being proposed for the treatment of rare diseases. Cystic fibrosis (CF), where so called „CFTR modulating therapies“ rendered by several novel orphan medicinal products (e.g. ivacaftor, lumacaftor) are rapidly being introduced into clinical practice, will be used as a model. Health-economic evaluations of rising pharmacotherapeutic costs, as the major driver of overall cost, have to be part of the cost analysis of chronic and progressive (rare) diseases like CF that may require lifelong therapy. Total costs include not only direct healthcare costs but also the cost of lost productivity by both patients and family caregivers. When considering the results of cost-effectiveness analysis of new technologies associated with the management of CF, it is unreasonable to expect that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio to be less than the generally applied thresholds (willingness to pay) for other common diseases. This issue is further compounded by mutation specific therapies for a subset of the overal cohort of CF patients. Therefore, when assessing CF and other rare diseases, such analyses should include complex health technology assessment approaches, which evaluate comparative treatment effectiveness (novel and established), as well as wider social benefits and ethical aspects. We will present the experience of the Prague CF center in terms of costs of illness studies and pharmacoeconomical approaches to studying children and adolescents with this disease.
La disponibilidad de un sistema de multiplicación del virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) infeccioso en cultivos celulares está permitiendo investigar nuevos factores de respuesta a tratamientos antivíricos en condiciones controladas. Se presentará evidencia de que el fitness vírico puede ser un factor de multiresistencia a inhibidores y quese pueden obtener eficientes reducciones de carga viral empleando diseños secuenciales de administración de inhibidores que incluyan ribavirina. Se discutirán posibilidades de aplicación clínica.
The research interest of the investigator has focused on the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of sepsis. In particular, he has worked on soluble proteins involved in the innate recognition of bacteria such as soluble CD14 and MD-2, as well as in the Toll-like receptors activated by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Another area of study is the molecular pathogenesis and cell signaling of ventilator-induced lung injury, and lung inflammation in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome. He has also identified and tested biomarkers in the field of clinical sepsis.
Watch the presentation on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyWN7JlhlmI&
Enfermedad minoritaria, terapias nuevas. Una patología que afecta a menos de cinco personas por cada 10.000 habitantes es considerada una enfermedad rara o minoritaria. 35 millones de europeos se ven afectados por alguna de ellas. El 80% son de origen genético y conseguir un diagnóstico rápido es vital para asegurar la calidad de vida futura. La clave, una vez más, es apostar y potenciar la investigación biomédica. Se revisarán los resultados obtenidos los últimos 14 años, en el marco científico y regulador impulsado por la UE desde el año 2000. Sin embargo, se analizarán las dificultades y oportunidades para impulsar la investigación traslacional en estas enfermedades.
Sigue la presentación en Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4U4a8xFCzA&
Seminario por el Sr. Juan Carrión: Presidente de la Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras (FEDER).
Desde FEDER se trabaja diariamente para promover y defender los derechos de 3 millones de personas con enfermedades raras. De esta forma, durante la ponencia trasladaremos las principales necesidades de las familias para lograr una adecuada atención social y sanitaria, así como cuáles son las líneas prioritarias que impulsamos desde FEDER en la búsqueda de soluciones ante los problemas que nos afectan.
Ver el vídeo del seminario aquí: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h091vwp40d0&feature=youtu.be
Watch the video of the presentation on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRegqg5yvRs
El Dr Welte té nombroses publicacions en àrees diverses relacionades amb el malalt crític. Particularment interessants són els seus estudis en relació al trasplantament pulmonar, així com els seus estudis sobre pneumònia i sèpsia. Així mateix, participa activament en la xarxa alemanya Capnetz, emprada per a l'elaboració d'estudis multicèntrics relacionats amb la pneumònia adquirida a la comunitat.
Rare diseases Conferences at Fundación ARECES-VHIR
Research in rare diseases is a very active and promising field. Nevertheless,even if it is not always obvious, requirements of the pharmaceutical regulations may be seen as a source of hurdles for a successful progress in medical science. The presentation will discuss how the regulatory framework can promote research and steer its translation into safe and efficacious products for rare diseases.
Watch the video of the seminar on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIYCC8cljt8
I will discuss the formation and subsequent growth of IRDiRC into an organization with nearly 40 public and private funder members who have collectively pledged over 1 billion euros for rare disease research. I will also present the goals of IRDiRC, the plan that has been developed to achieve them, and the progress that has been made thus far. Finally, I will explore how additional organizations can take part in this international collaborative effort
Over the last decades, more than 35 different definitions have been used to describe acute kidney injury (AKI). Multiple definitions for AKI have obviously led to a great disparity in the reported incidence and mortality of AKI making it difficult or even impossible to compare the various published studies focusing on AKI. Therefore, it became crucial to establish a consensual and accurate definition of AKI that could desirably be used worldwide. Recent consensus criteria for AKI definition and classification [the Risk Injury Failure Loss of kidney function End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) and the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classifications] have led to more consistent estimates of its epidemiology. This review will present and critically discuss current literature about AKI diagnosis and epidemiology.
More from Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR) (20)
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...
Stress and the Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis (Prof. John F. Cryan)
1. apc.ucc.ie
John F. Cryan Ph.D.
Professor & Chair
Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience
&
Principal Investigator,
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre
University College Cork
Ireland
Stress and the Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis
13. apc.ucc.ie
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) a disorder of
Brain-Gut Axis dysfunction
Symptom complex including abdominal pain, altered bowel
function, bloating, mucosal inflammation, exaggerated stress
response, increases in plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines
IBS affects approximately 10-20% of the general population
It is the most common disease diagnosed by gastroenterologists
Large co-morbidity with anxiety & depression
Current therapies are frequently ineffective
Visceral Pain is a key symptoms of IBS
Stress (including early life stress) plays a major role in the onset
and exacerbation of symptoms in IBS
Now viewed as a disorder of the Brain-Gut axis
Gastroenterologists: Gut disorder
Psychiatrist: Stress-related disorder
Neurobiologist-Neurologist: Chronic pain disorder
14. apc.ucc.ie
Maternal Separation model of IBS
Plotsky, Meaney and colleagues have long used
MS as an animal model of depression
Neonatal psychosocial stress model where pups
are removed from the home cage for 3 hr/day
from pn day 2-12
Results in:
Enhanced stress response (O’Mahony et al,
2006)
Alterations in the serotonin system e.g.
alterations in pain modulating system, increase
in serotonin and its metabolite (O’Mahony et al.,
2008)
Increased colonic transit, intestinal permeability
(Soderholm et al., 2002), mucosal
inflammation, altered microflora
O’Mahony et al. Psychopharmacology (2011)
15. apc.ucc.ie
Open Field Endocrine
Group Mean Similarity
%
SEM
Non Separated 75.2 16.8
Maternally
Separated
59.9 * 21.0
Increased colonic transit, intestinal
permeability, mucosal inflammation,
colonic morphology
(O’Malley et al., 2010, Stress)
Diversity of Microbiota
Immune
16. apc.ucc.ie
Maternal Separation results in visceral
hypersensitivity
O’Mahony et al., Biol. Psychiat 2008 In Press
O’Mahoney et al., 2009
Fasting CRD
T=0 T=24hr
0
80mmHg
8 mins
18. apc.ucc.ie
Physiological Indicators of Chronic Social
Defeat and Overcrowding Stress
Chronic intermittent psychosocial stress (social defeat/overcrowding) for 19 days (Reber et al., 2006)
Tramullas et al., Stress 2012
19. apc.ucc.ie
Repeated Social Interaction Stress
Social stress can disrupt the brain-gut axis, inducing gut and psychiatric diseases;
It is one of the first causes of stress in humans;
Stronger immune reaction than other types of stress can be induced (Sheridan & al, 2000)
Chronic:6 days
++
Back alone home cage
2 Hours + 2 Hours
Killing
Chronic:6 days
++
Back alone home cage
2 Hours + 2 Hours
Killing
Male BALB/c
Home cage
Male C57BL/6
Agressive
intruder
Or acute
Sampling
20. apc.ucc.ie
Repeated Social Interaction Stress
•Mice displayed 2 opposing
behavioural and physiological
subtypes after both stress
exposure, vs controls:
•Dominant/aggressive = lower
corticosterone and pro-
inflammatory cytokines levels
(IL-1β, IL-6 and mKC)
•Submissive/defensive = high
corticosterone and cytokine
levels
•Chronically stressed mice =
weight loss and colonic
microscopic damage increased
Corticosterone
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
*
Control Acute Dominant Submissive
Chronic
+
Concentrationpg/ml
Number of minor wounds a
potential confound
Savignac et al., Behav Brain Res 2010
22. apc.ucc.ie
Targeting Spinal Glial Glutamate Transport Reverses Early-
Life Stress-induced Visceral Hypersensitivity
Intrathecal
administration
of a glutamate
transport
blocker TBOA
produces
visceral
hypersensitivity
Glutamate uptake
activator riluzole
reduces maternal
separation-induced
visceral
hypersensitivity
Gosselin et al Gastroenterology June 2010
Maternal separation (MS) results in a selective reduction of the
expression of spinal glial glutamate transporter EAAT-1
26. apc.ucc.ieMcKernan et al., 2009 PLOS One
Increased TLR mRNA Expression in Distal Colon
of Two Models of Visceral Hypersensitivity
Maternally Separated Rat
Wistar Kyoto Rat
27. apc.ucc.ie
TLR4 is essential for chronic psychosocial
stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity
Tramullas and Cryan unpublished
TLR4 antagonist
attenuates basal and
stress-induced
visceral hyperalgesia
28. apc.ucc.ie
Gut Microbiome
• The human intestinal microbiota is composed of 1013
to 1014 microorganisms whose collective genome
("microbiome") contains at least 100 times as many
genes as our own genome
(Gill, S. R., et al(2006).Science 312, 1355-1359.)
An individuals flora generally remains constant,
however, the composition can fluctuate during
acute diarrhoeal illness, antibiotic treatments and
by diet changes.
29. apc.ucc.ie
, ...
Malene et al., Early Human Development Volume 88, Supplement 1 2012 S41 - S49
Bacterial Colonization and Gut Development in Neonates
31. apc.ucc.ie
Cryan and Dinan, Nat Rev Neurosci Oct 2012
Strategies used to investigate the role of the
microbiota–gut–brain axis in health and disease.
40. apc.ucc.ie
Does early-life antibiotic administration
affect behaviour in adulthood
O’Mahony et al., Submitted
Vancomycin 10-100 mg/kg
administered from postnatal
day 4 for 10 days in rats
No change in
• Cognition
• Anxiety
• Stress Response
• Immune Response
46. apc.ucc.ie
Could potential probiotic administration in adulthood
affect stress-related anxiety and depression?
“PSYCHOBIOTICS”
Biol Psychiat 2013 In Press
47. apc.ucc.ie
Probiotic Reduces Anxiety and Behavioural Despair
Probiotic Reduces
Stress-induced
Corticosterone Levels
Bravo et al., PNAS Sept 2011
52. apc.ucc.ie
A distributed network of brain regions
showing decreases during an emotional
faces attention task
A resting state midbrain centered is negatively
correlated with midbrain activity after FMPP
56. apc.ucc.ie
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Neurodevelopmental disorder with high
heritability
1.1% general population
4:1 male/female ratio
3 symptom domains (DSM-IV)
Abnormal social interaction
Impaired communication
Repetitive behaviours
Other associated symptoms:
Cognitive impairment
Seizures
Anxiety
Hyperactivity
Sensory deficits
GI distress (<90% of patients)
63. apc.ucc.ie
Visuospatial Memory
Deficit in IBS
Attentional Deficit in
Crohns Disease
Paul J Kennedy, Gerard Clarke, Ann O’Neill, John A Groeger, Eamonn MM
Quigley, Fergus Shanahan, John F Cryan, Timothy G Dinan Paper In Preparation
64. apc.ucc.ie
Stress and the Microbiota-Gut–Brain Axis in
Health and Disease
Cryan and Dinan, Nat Rev Neurosci Oct 2012