Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states.Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, Rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states. Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Gasbarrini A. Microbiota, Antibiotici e Probiotici in Gastroenterologia. ASMa...Gianfranco Tammaro
PROF. ANTONIO GASBARRINI - 3° Giornata Master ECM in Gastroenterologia 2016 (25/11/2016) - Fondazione Santa Lucia - Sala Congressi - Roma
Sito: www.asmad.net
Canale Youtube: https://youtu.be/ouYcXg_ZtJM
Microbiota: the community of micro-organisms themselves
Microbiome: The genes and genomes of the microbiota, as well as the products of the microbiota and the host environment” [the collective genomes of the micro-organisms in a particular environment. Although the composition of the gut microbiota varies between individuals, the community in each individual is relatively stable over time
Trillions of bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi live in and around our bodies. Together, they make up the microbiome, which has been called the largest organ in the human body and been linked to a range of health issues, from asthma to diabetes to inflammatory bowel disease to obesity. Paul Kubes and Kathy McCoy, professors at UCalgary’s Cumming School of Medicine and researchers at the Western Canadian Microbiome Centre, share the science of the microbiome and why it holds the key to better health for all of us. Watch the full webinar at http://www.ucalgary.ca/explore/microbiome-why-few-trillion-germs-can-be-good-thing
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states. Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Gasbarrini A. Microbiota, Antibiotici e Probiotici in Gastroenterologia. ASMa...Gianfranco Tammaro
PROF. ANTONIO GASBARRINI - 3° Giornata Master ECM in Gastroenterologia 2016 (25/11/2016) - Fondazione Santa Lucia - Sala Congressi - Roma
Sito: www.asmad.net
Canale Youtube: https://youtu.be/ouYcXg_ZtJM
Microbiota: the community of micro-organisms themselves
Microbiome: The genes and genomes of the microbiota, as well as the products of the microbiota and the host environment” [the collective genomes of the micro-organisms in a particular environment. Although the composition of the gut microbiota varies between individuals, the community in each individual is relatively stable over time
Trillions of bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi live in and around our bodies. Together, they make up the microbiome, which has been called the largest organ in the human body and been linked to a range of health issues, from asthma to diabetes to inflammatory bowel disease to obesity. Paul Kubes and Kathy McCoy, professors at UCalgary’s Cumming School of Medicine and researchers at the Western Canadian Microbiome Centre, share the science of the microbiome and why it holds the key to better health for all of us. Watch the full webinar at http://www.ucalgary.ca/explore/microbiome-why-few-trillion-germs-can-be-good-thing
Ellen Kamhi, PhD RN, The Natural Nurse, Leaky Gut is also called Compromised Intestinal Permeability, due to loss of integrity of the tight junctions between cells in the intestinal mucosa, and is well documented in the scientific literature. See my document Role of Intestinal Permeability in the Inflammatory Process. This condition should be addressed by all health care providers.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)fathi neana
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity (Dysbiosis) is a common finding in several disease states. The types of Dysbiosis are: 1- Loss of beneficial bacteria. 2- Overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. 3- Loss of overall bacterial diversity. 4- Overgrown in an area they’re not supposed to be in like the small intestine (SIBO).
The overgrowth of microbes in the small intestine results in: 1- fermentation of food in the small intestine, producing hydrogen and other gases. 2- They can also degrade the thin mucus layer and come in contact with the gut barrier, causing inflammation and intestinal permeability (Leaky gut). 3- This can lead to a variety of unpleasant symptoms and consequences like food allergies , sensitivities and chronic inflammatory processes. 4- SIBO leads to both maldigestion and malabsorption as the bacteria interfere with normal enzymatic and metabolic activity of the small intestine. 5- Additionally, these bacteria are associated with increased serum endotoxin and bacterial compounds stimulating production of (pro)inflammatory cytokines. 6- Iron is typically absorbed in the duodenum and the jejunum and SIBO can interfere with this absorption resulting in microcytic anemia. 7- Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the ileum and patients with SIBO often have B12 malabsorbtion which leads to megaloblastic anemia and B12 deficiency.
The best treatment for SIBO, like other forms of bacterial imbalance – or DYSBIOSIS is rehabilitating our microbiome.”
VHIR Seminar led by Joel Doré. Research Director. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Abstract: The human intestinal tract harbours a complex microbial ecosystem which plays a key role in nutrition and health. Interactions between food constituents, microbes and the host organism derive from a long co-evolution that resulted in a mutualistic association.
Current investigations into the human faecal metagenome are delivering an extensive gene repertoire representative of functional potentials of the human intestinal microbiota. The most redundant genomic traits of the human intestinal microbiota are identified and thereby its functional balance. These observation point towards the existence of enterotypes, i.e. microbiota sharing specific traits but yet independent of geographic origin, age, sex etc.. It also shows a unique segregation of the human population into individuals with low versus high gene-counts. In the end, it not only gives an unprecedented view of the intestinal microbiota, but it also significantly expands our ability to look for specificities of the microbiota associated with human diseases and to ultimately validate microbial signatures of prognostic and diagnostic value in immune mediated diseases.
Metagenomics of the human intestinal tract was applied to specifically compare obese versus lean individuals as well as to explore the dynamic changes associated with a severe calory-restricted diet. Microbiota structure differs with body-mass index and a limited set of marker species may be used as diagnostic model with a >85% predictive value. Among obese subjects; the overall phenotypic characteristics are worse in individuals with low gene counts microbiota, including a worse evolution of morphometric parameters over a period of 10 years, a low grade inflammatory context also associated with insulin-resistance, and the worst response to dietary constraints in terms of weight loss or improvement of biological and inflammatory characteristics. Low gene count microbiota is also associated with less favourable conditions in inflammatory bowel disease, such as higher relapse rate in ulcerative colitis patients.
Finally, microbiota transplantation has seen a regain of interest with applications expanding from Clostridium difficile infections to immune mediated and metabolic diseases.
The human intestinal microbiota should hence be regarded as a true organ, amenable to rationally designed modulation for human health.
Helicobacter Pylori infect more than 50% of worlds population.HP causes gastritis,PUD,gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma.Variable invasive and noninvasive diagnostic modilities are available.Eradication of H.Pylori is possible with proper therapy.
The Quorum sensing is a communication system in microorganisms, allows them to behave like multicellular organisms.
The most important physiological activities of microorganisms that are affected by the Quorum sensing are symbiosis, conjugation, sporulation, biofilm formation, pathogenesis, and production of secondary metabolites.
Contents- Introduction to Immunodeficiency | Types | SCID | LAD
Immunodeficiency is the inability to produce an adequate immune response because of insufficiency or absence of antibodies, immune cells or both.
SCID & LAD are the two immunodeficiencies from primary immunodeficiency.
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease and how Autophagy process is activated will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention
Ellen Kamhi, PhD RN, The Natural Nurse, Leaky Gut is also called Compromised Intestinal Permeability, due to loss of integrity of the tight junctions between cells in the intestinal mucosa, and is well documented in the scientific literature. See my document Role of Intestinal Permeability in the Inflammatory Process. This condition should be addressed by all health care providers.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)fathi neana
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity (Dysbiosis) is a common finding in several disease states. The types of Dysbiosis are: 1- Loss of beneficial bacteria. 2- Overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. 3- Loss of overall bacterial diversity. 4- Overgrown in an area they’re not supposed to be in like the small intestine (SIBO).
The overgrowth of microbes in the small intestine results in: 1- fermentation of food in the small intestine, producing hydrogen and other gases. 2- They can also degrade the thin mucus layer and come in contact with the gut barrier, causing inflammation and intestinal permeability (Leaky gut). 3- This can lead to a variety of unpleasant symptoms and consequences like food allergies , sensitivities and chronic inflammatory processes. 4- SIBO leads to both maldigestion and malabsorption as the bacteria interfere with normal enzymatic and metabolic activity of the small intestine. 5- Additionally, these bacteria are associated with increased serum endotoxin and bacterial compounds stimulating production of (pro)inflammatory cytokines. 6- Iron is typically absorbed in the duodenum and the jejunum and SIBO can interfere with this absorption resulting in microcytic anemia. 7- Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the ileum and patients with SIBO often have B12 malabsorbtion which leads to megaloblastic anemia and B12 deficiency.
The best treatment for SIBO, like other forms of bacterial imbalance – or DYSBIOSIS is rehabilitating our microbiome.”
VHIR Seminar led by Joel Doré. Research Director. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Abstract: The human intestinal tract harbours a complex microbial ecosystem which plays a key role in nutrition and health. Interactions between food constituents, microbes and the host organism derive from a long co-evolution that resulted in a mutualistic association.
Current investigations into the human faecal metagenome are delivering an extensive gene repertoire representative of functional potentials of the human intestinal microbiota. The most redundant genomic traits of the human intestinal microbiota are identified and thereby its functional balance. These observation point towards the existence of enterotypes, i.e. microbiota sharing specific traits but yet independent of geographic origin, age, sex etc.. It also shows a unique segregation of the human population into individuals with low versus high gene-counts. In the end, it not only gives an unprecedented view of the intestinal microbiota, but it also significantly expands our ability to look for specificities of the microbiota associated with human diseases and to ultimately validate microbial signatures of prognostic and diagnostic value in immune mediated diseases.
Metagenomics of the human intestinal tract was applied to specifically compare obese versus lean individuals as well as to explore the dynamic changes associated with a severe calory-restricted diet. Microbiota structure differs with body-mass index and a limited set of marker species may be used as diagnostic model with a >85% predictive value. Among obese subjects; the overall phenotypic characteristics are worse in individuals with low gene counts microbiota, including a worse evolution of morphometric parameters over a period of 10 years, a low grade inflammatory context also associated with insulin-resistance, and the worst response to dietary constraints in terms of weight loss or improvement of biological and inflammatory characteristics. Low gene count microbiota is also associated with less favourable conditions in inflammatory bowel disease, such as higher relapse rate in ulcerative colitis patients.
Finally, microbiota transplantation has seen a regain of interest with applications expanding from Clostridium difficile infections to immune mediated and metabolic diseases.
The human intestinal microbiota should hence be regarded as a true organ, amenable to rationally designed modulation for human health.
Helicobacter Pylori infect more than 50% of worlds population.HP causes gastritis,PUD,gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma.Variable invasive and noninvasive diagnostic modilities are available.Eradication of H.Pylori is possible with proper therapy.
The Quorum sensing is a communication system in microorganisms, allows them to behave like multicellular organisms.
The most important physiological activities of microorganisms that are affected by the Quorum sensing are symbiosis, conjugation, sporulation, biofilm formation, pathogenesis, and production of secondary metabolites.
Contents- Introduction to Immunodeficiency | Types | SCID | LAD
Immunodeficiency is the inability to produce an adequate immune response because of insufficiency or absence of antibodies, immune cells or both.
SCID & LAD are the two immunodeficiencies from primary immunodeficiency.
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease and how Autophagy process is activated will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention
Microbiota, Vitamin D Receptor and Autoimmuityfathi neana
1. Vitamins are substances which usually cannot be made by the body itself.
2. The body synthesizes vitamin D from 7-dehydro-cholesterol. Vitamin D is not a vitamin, it is a Gene-Transcriptional-Activator, a paracrine steroid hormone. It is the primary ligand which activate VDR
3. Deactivated VDR causes down regulation of the innate immunity. The burden on adaptive immunity increases creating a state of chronic inflammation with possible maladaptation and autoimmunity
4. What causes VDR deactivation is mostly a state of chronic inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with dysbiosis or leaky gut
5. VDR deactivation lead to Increased 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) as there is no consumption and no breakdown
6. Sunshine, dietry and Ingested Vitamin D are preparing the precursors of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol)in the presence of good liver and kidney function
7. 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) is the active form which act as the primary ligand for VDR
8. Olmesartan, a VDR agonist, restores innate immune activity, allows (slow) recovery from advanced disease.
9. Treatment on the long term should be directed to reactivation of VDR by the Natural Ways that Increase Calcitrol and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression
10. restoring a balanced Microbiota and overcoming the leaky gut play a major rule in VDR reactivation
Intermittent fasting had a strong anti inflammatory effect beside the many other benefits. Intermittent fasting is an eating pattern and Interventional strategy where in individuals are subjected to varying periods of fasting. It doesn’t specify which foods you should eat but rather when you should eat them. Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating. It’s currently very popular in the health and fitness community. Recently attracted attention because:
1- Its Evidence-Based Health Benefits
2- Its potential for correcting metabolic Abnormalities
3- Better adherence than other methods
substances released by one microorganism, stimulating the growth of another microorganism.”Live microbial supplements which beneficially affects the host animal by improving it’s microbial balance.”
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
During this webinar, Sophie discusses the inflammatory basis of autoimmune conditions and the nutritional approach to managing inflammation, together with therapeutic nutrients to support specific autoimmune conditions.
Autoimmune diseases include over 50 modern conditions including coeliac disease, reactive arthritis, hashimoto’s disease, type 1 diabetes, lupus, multiple sclerosis and many more. Inflammation is at the root of autoimmunity and during this webinar Sophie discusses how dysregulation of the inflammatory response contributes to autoimmune issues, together with the latest research being conducted to determine the role of nutrition in the treatment and prevention of autoimmune conditions.
Microbiota, leaky gut syndrome and gut-related diseasesMaurizio Salamone
Lecture on "Microbiota, Leaky gut Syndrome and gut-related disease" at the 7° International workshop on Immunonutrition "Eating for preventing" Carovigno (BA) May 1st-3th 2014
Fishing Clues for the Efficacy of Chemotherapy Role of Fastingijtsrd
This Article is on how Fasting is effective in chemotherapy and how it prevents cancer. Fasting in disease intercept and treatment has recently become a popular topic and fasting is the part of most spiritual tradition in the world. Cell is the basic unit to the human body. Actually these cell division takes normally but due to some disturbance or mutation in cell it lead to cancer or tumor. chemotherapy is used to treat the cancer but it having the side effect. In this article we are describing about how cancer is prevented by fasting by different mechanism like Cellular fasting mechanism, Systemic changes by fasting, Mechanism of killing cancer cells in solid tumors by fasting and Autophagy Mechanism. Dr. C. Nithish | Dr. G. Ajith Kumar | Dr. P. Sravani ""Fishing Clues for the Efficacy of Chemotherapy: Role of Fasting"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23581.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/23581/fishing-clues-for-the-efficacy-of-chemotherapy-role-of-fasting/dr-c-nithish
Autoimmune disease affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. There are 100+ known autoimmune disease types. Some of the more prevalent include type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
For a patient with a history of chronic systemic inflammation and an antecedent, like an inflammatory diet or a psychological stressor could act as a trigger to precipitate autoimmune disease or disease flare-up.
To Restore Your Gut Bacteria and Health rememder the saying of Messenger of Allah Muhammad pbuh ; "No man fills a container worse than his stomach. A few morsels that keep his back upright are sufficient for him. If he has to, then he should keep one-third for food, one-third for drink and one-third for his breathing.“ [At-Tirmidhi] . Also remember the saying of Hippocrates 460 BC - 370 BC : "Let thy food be thy medicine and thy medicine be thy food". And this saying by Moses Maimonides, the great 12th century physician : "No illness which can be treated by diet should be treated by any other means”.
Aging is the progressive accumulation of damage to an organism over time leading to disease and death. Aging research has been very intensive in the last years aiming at characterizing the Pathophysiology of aging and finding possibilities to fight age-related diseases. Various theories of aging have been proposed. In the last years advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received particular attention in this context. AGEs are formed in high amounts in diabetes but also in the physiological organism during aging. Higher levels of diabetic complications are due to poor glycemic control. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising. About 50% of people with diabetes mellitus are unaware of their condition. Pharmacotherapy and Therapeutic lifestyle change (Diet, Regular exercises, Sunshine, Vitamin D and Calcium normal levels) should be the cornerstone of diabetes management.
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environmentfathi neana
An epigenome consists of a record of the chemical changes to the DNA and histone proteins of an organism. These changes can be passed down to an organism's offspring via transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Epigenetics, Gut microbiome and the Environment interplay like a vicious triad.
1- The epigenome is highly sensitive to external environment
2- The epigenome is highly sensitive to internal environment (Microbiome)
3- The microbiome (internal environment) is affected by the external environment
Care of the microbiome seems to be a personal issue but as it is affected by the external environment the issue must be global and a worldwide campaign have to be started.
Covid -19 informations you have to knowfathi neana
With Corona worldwide pandemic the people who exposed to the virus show different reactions some did not catch the virus and among those who catch the virus most of them did not show any symptoms or mild unnoticeable symptoms but some of them show sever manifestations and are killed by this virulent virus. Luckily enough this last group are the minority. The question is not why some people is affected by the virus but th question should be why most of the people are not affected or even those who are affected can defeat the virus and escape its fatal outcome?. To answer this question we have to know some basic facts.
A vitamin is an organic molecule (or related set of molecules) that is anessential micronutrient which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism. Essential nutrients cannot besynthesized in the organism, either at all or not in sufficient quantities, and therefore must be obtained through the diet.
Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. In humans there are 13 vitamins: 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C). Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water and, in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption. Because they are not as readily stored, more consistent intake is important. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal tractwith the help of lipids (fats). Vitamins A and D can accumulate in the body, which can result in dangerous hypervitaminosis. Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency due to malabsorption is of particular significance in cystic fibrosis.
Free radicals are electron missing atoms or molecules. It is very unstable and react quickly with other compounds, trying to capture the needed electron to gain stability.
Generally, free radicals attack the nearest stable molecule, "stealing" its electron.
When the "attacked" molecule loses its electron, it becomes a free radical itself, beginning a chain reaction like snowball.
Once the process is started, it can cascade, finally resulting in the disruption of a living cell. The rule of antioxidants is to give electrons to free radicals and neutralize its destructive effects especially on the DNA.
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease and how autophagy process is activated will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention.
Lastly the question is Why some people have no cancer ? the answer is it is the life style and the diet rich in Healthy fat, Antioxidants, Vitamin C, Salvestrols and many natural remedies.
Free radicals are very unstable and react quickly with other compounds, trying to capture the needed electron to gain stability.
Generally, free radicals attack the nearest stable molecule, "stealing" its electron.
When the "attacked" molecule loses its electron, it becomes a free radical itself, beginning a chain reaction.
Once the process is started, it can cascade, finally resulting in the disruption of a living cell.
The drawbacks of climate change are so overt. The Disturbance of Great Ocean Conveyor currents led to the extreme changes in temperature around the globe in the form of a cooler northern, warmer tropical and cooler snowy winter, warmer summer. Many deaths from hypothermia were reported especially in refugee camps as it is not well equipped. Hypothermia is a medical emergency that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature. Normal body temperature is around 98.6 F (37 C). Hypothermia occurs as the body temperature falls below 95 F (35 C). When body temperature drops, heart, nervous system and other organs can't work normally. Left untreated, hypothermia can eventually lead to complete failure of heart and respiratory system and eventually to death.
Successful management of Polytrauma must achieve the following goals, 1- Keep someone alive that would be dead without you 2- Prioritize treatment to prevent killing someone 3- Treat extremity injuries to return the patient to a functional life. The Priorities are 1- Life threatening, 2- Limb threatening, 3- Function threatening. The question about the best strategy in the management Polytrauma and the choice between an Early Total Care (ETC) vs. Damage Control Orthopedics (DCO) will be answered in this presentation.
Microbiota, vitamin D receptor VDR and autoimmuityfathi neana
The big question is what is behind sickness during our life ?. How the pathogens can prevail and what happen to our immune system and microbiota. How the pathogens in a clever way shut down the innate immunity causing persistent chronic illness, chronic inflammation, maladaptive autoimmunity and other chronic diseases. What is the rule of vitamin D and its receptor VDR . What about the current debate regarding the best choice for managing vitamin D deficient function. Hope we can find the answer in this presentation.
DIC is not a disease entity but an event that can accompany various disease processes. It is an “Acquired” Pathological process. Widespread activation of the clotting cascade lead to formation of blood clots in small blood vessels throughout the body causing a compromise of tissue blood flow leading to multiple organ damage MOD. The coagulation process consumes clotting factors and platelets,normal clotting is disrupted and severe bleeding can occur from various sites. Patients with DIC should be treated at hospitals with appropriate critical care units (ICU) with available Subspecialty expertise, such as hematology, blood bank, or surgery. Patients who present to hospitals without those capabilities and who are stable enough for transfer should be referred expeditiously to a hospital that has those resources. Treatment of DIC includes the underlying disorder, supportive treatment and hemostatic Therapy.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) & pulmonary embolism (PE). Life-threatening complications following trauma. Incidence of 5 to 63%. Risk factors: Pelvic and lower extremity fractures,Head injury and Prolonged immobilization. DVT prophylaxis is essential in the management of trauma patients.
Sepsis is the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to severe infection. Sepsis simply is a Race to death between the host immune system and the pathogens. Micro-organisms grow out of control => hyperinflammatory response, With this insidious pathology the body attacks itself (auto immunity) leading to life threatening risk of organ dysfunction, septic shock and death. Micro-organisms can invade the body through wounds, IV lines, catheters etc. Sepsis kills more than 210,000 people in the US /year. It kills about 1,400 people worldwide every day. Significant decrease in Mortality due to increased Recognition and early Treatment.
Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) is a Syndrome characterized by: Hypoxia, Confusion and Petechiae. Presenting soon after long bone fracture and soft tissue injury. Diagnosed by exclusion of other causes 0f (Hypoxia & Confusion). It occurs in 0.9 – 8.5% of all fracture patients. Up to 35% of the multiply injured. Mortality 2.5 – 15 - 20%. Rare in upper limb injury and children.
Treatment includes prompt stabilization of long bone fractures and supportive measures which includes: 1- Oxygen Therapy to maintain PaO2. 2- Mechanical Ventilation. 3- Adequate Hydration.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a Sudden failure of the respiratory system. It Can occur in anyone over the age of one who is critically ill. It is a Life- threatening because normal gas exchange does not take place due to severe fluid buildup in both lungs.
Prevention can be achieved by Limiting Blood Loss so decreasing transfusion requirements, Early Stabilization Of unstable Fractures and Early prophylactic mechanical Ventilation.
Established cases with ARDS is treated in the Intensive Care Unit By Mechanical ventilation and Oxygen therapy through a ventilator, Fluids through an IV line to improve blood flow and provide nutrition and medicine to prevent and treat infections and to relieve pain.
To manage a multiply injured patient the Priorities and the Way of thinking have to be very clear. The aim is to save lives not just fixing a fracture in a limb. Orthopedic team becomes resuscitators and stabilizers not just fixers. Early Skeletal fixation (DCO) is appropriate by external fixator. As Early Total Care may be very risky in Hemodynamic instability, pulmonary instability, and severe head injury. Careful attention to guard against the lethal triad (Coagulopathy, Hypothermia and Acidosis).
Intermittent fasting is an Interventional strategy where in individuals are subjected to varying periods of fasting.
It doesn’t specify which foods you should eat but rather when you should eat them.
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating.
It’s currently very popular in the health and fitness community.
Recently attracted attention because:
1- Its Evidence-Based Health Benefits
2- Its potential for correcting metabolic Abnormalities
3- Better adherence than other methods
Autophagy the housekeeper in every cellfathi neana
Autophagy is a catabolic process involving the degradation of a cell’s own components through the lysosomal machinery. It is a tightly regulated process that plays a normal part in cell growth, development, and homeostasis, helping to maintain a balance between the synthesis, degradation, and subsequent recycling of cellular products.
It is a major mechanism by which a starving cell reallocates nutrients from unnecessary processes to more-essential processes. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cellular self-digestion in which proteins and organelles are degraded through delivery to lysosomes. Defects in this process are implicated in numerous human diseases including cancer.
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
5. "Let thy food be thy medicine and thy medicine be thy food"
Hippocrates 460 BC - 370 BC
"No illness which can be treated by diet should be treated by any
other means”
Moses Maimonides, the great
12th century physician
Tomorrow's Medicine
يقول وسلم عليه هللا صلى هللا رسول،صلبه يقمن أكالت آدم ابن بحسب ،بطن من شرا وعاء آدمي مأل ما
لنفسه وثلث لشرابه وثلث لطعامه فثلث محالة ال كان فإن.
رواهالترمذيوصححهاأللباني
Messenger of Allah ( ﷺ) say: "No man fills a container worse than his stomach. A
few morsels that keep his back upright are sufficient for him. If he has to, then
he should keep one-third for food, one-third for drink and one-third for his
breathing.“ [At-Tirmidhi].
هللا صلى هللا رسول
وسلم عليه
6. Do not treat food with medicine, Let the food be the medicine,
and the Medicine be the food
Dr. Sarah Hallberg May 4, 2015
What are the gut microbiota and human microbiome?
By Markus MacGill - Reviewed by Saurabh (Seth) Sethi, MD
MPH
Last updated Tue 26 June 2018
Let thy food be thy medicine….when possible
Renger F. Witkamp Klaskevan Norren
European Journal of Pharmacology Volume 836,
5 October 2018, Pages 102-114
Tomorrow's Medicine
7. Lifestyle diseases can be
cured
By Therapeutic lifestyle
Rather than treating risk
factors by drugs for life
Manifestations
Vs.
Root cause
1- Chronic inflammation
2- Mitochondria dysfunction
Life style
Underling risk factors
Healthy diet
Omega 6-Sugar
Regular
Exercise
Our current
understandings
should be revised
Prescription drugs is the
Third leading cause of death
in U.S. after heart diseases
& cancer
8. Potential role of probiotics in the management of gastric ulcer (Review) Article in Experimental and therapeutic medicine · April
2016 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3293 CITATIONS 3
Peptic ulcer disease including both gastric and
duodenal ulcer (Hyper vs. Hypoacidity)
1- decades of preference for surgical interventions in the form of
gastric resections, vagotomy etc.,
2- The concept of acid in peptic ulcer disease, which was the basis of
treatment of peptic ulcer was revolutionized by the discovery of H2-
receptor antagonists and PPI (proton pump inhibitor)
3- After the discovery of Helicobacter pylori organism as the
causative factor a triple drug regime further modified to sequential
therapy to avoid antibiotic resistance.
4- Now the over growth of H pylori is considered as a sort of
Dysbiosis or SIBO. The Role of probiotics & intermittent fasting
5- This recognition has not concluded the chapter on peptic ulcers.
The mainstream medical care is
changeable
Our current understandings should be revised
10. VDR wide range of biological actions
which is critical for all body systems
including the bones, nerves, proper
growth, mineral metabolism, muscle
tone, insulin production, fertility, etc
Therefore now seen as an important
nutrient in preventing many chronic
diseases
Vitamin D is a Steroid Hormone
A Ligand for VDR (Vitamin D nuclear Receptor)
– Vit D nuclear receptors (VDR) found in most tissues and cells in the
body
– Wide range of biological actions
– Regulate the immune System
1- VDR is present in most immune cell types, particularly in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as
monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells
2- VDR to express antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as cathelicidin and beta defensins which attack
pathogens
3- In general, the innate immune system is enhanced and the adaptive immune system is inhibited by
1,25(OH)2D
– Regulate the Microbiota
– Great rule in autoimmune disorders
– Inhibits cellular proliferation induce terminal differentiation
– Inhibits tumor angiogenesis
– Inhibits rennin production
– Adequate vitamin D in macrophages an Adaptive immunosuppressive
agent.
– Stimulate insulin production
– Allows for effective communication between cells
– Helps to maintain a healthy calcium concentration in the cells
– Stimulate production of compounds that kill bacteria by stimulates
its own destruction (Apoptosis)
The mainstream medical care is changeable
Our current understanding of the factors leading to chronic inflammation
should be revised after the recent researches on vitamin D
12. Ubiquitin and immune system modulation Cells of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune
system are crucial for immune reactivity and self‐tolerance.
Defects in the expression of E3 ligases or DUBs can lead to deregulation of these processes which can
resulting in auto immunity or auto inflammation.
1- Autoimmune disorders
are characterised by disturbed function of mTEC and DCs (impairment in their presentation of
self‐peptides to T cells; highlighted in red) or by perturbed peripheral tolerance, which will lead to the
development of self‐reactive T and/or B cells (highlighted in red), production of autoantibodies and
subsequent tissue destruction.
2- During autoinflammation,
the innate immune cells are hyperactive (highlighted in red) and release pro‐inflammatory cytokines,
including IL‐1β and TNF, which will result in the development of auto‐reactive inflammation.
Auto inflammation
Insulin resistance
Metabolic syndrome
Auto immunity
Auto immune disorders
>100 AID
Insulin
Ligand
Calcitriol
Ligand
INR
VDR
13. Initial symptoms are often intermittent and unspecific until the disease becomes acute.
Medical education provides minimal learning about autoimmune disease.
Specialists are generally unaware of interrelationships among the different autoimmune diseases.
Research is generally disease-specific and limited in scope. More information-sharing and crossover
among research projects on different autoimmune diseases is needed.
According to the American Autoimmune Related
Disorders Association (AARDA)
An estimated 50 million Americans suffer with
autoimmune disease (AID)
compared to 9 million with cancer and 22
million with heart disease.
AID is the #1 cause of death in women under
the age of 65
There are more than 100 forms of AID currently
recognized by research.
Symptoms cross many specialties and can
affect all body organs.
14. The three most well recognized mechanisms :
1- Excessive hygiene
"microbiome depletion theory
2- Molecular mimicry
3- Intestinal permeability (Leaky Gut)
There are 5 causes that trigger the three mechanisms above:
1- Food (especially gluten)
2- Chemical exposures (including things like pesticides,
vaccines and other medicines)
3- Infections and microbiome imbalances (Dysbiosis)
4- Nutritional deficiencies – vitamins and minerals
5- Chronic or severe acute stress events
What Are The Mechanisms That
Trigger Autoimmune Disease?
All three of these issues can lead to chronic inflammation. It is the chronic
inflammation that medicines try to target.
But the bigger questions to ask are – What causes autoimmune disease,
and what activates these three mechanisms?
Dr. Peter Osborne has served as the
executive director and the
vice president for the American
Clinical Board of Nutrition. He is on
the advisory board for Functional
Medicine University. He has been
featured on Fox News, CBS,
Celiac.com, The Gluten Summit, and
The People's Pharmacy Radio. He is
one of the
world's leading authorities on gluten
sensitivity, and ... The Journal of
Gluten Sensitivity, and many
other nationally
recognized publications.
Videos
15. Vitamin (Hormone) D metabolism
1- Precursors 2- ligand (1,25(OH)2-D3) 3- Receptor VDR
1
2
3
VDR: Vitamin D receptor
RXR:Retinoid X receptor
16. The VDR transcribes over 1,400 genes
which accounts for 4% of all human
genes
1,400 genes are no longer able to be
transcribed when the VDR is
deactivated.
VDR deactivation down regulate the
innate immunity and up regulate the
adaptive immunity (Maladaptation ->>
Autoimmunity)
Vitamin D Nuclear receptor (VDR)
Regulate the immune System and the Microbiota
17. Auto immunity simplified explanation
Microbiota Dysbiosis
Leaky gut
VDR deactivation
Ligand from pathogens
Innate immunity
Down regulation
Resistant pathogens
chronic illness
Adaptive immunity
Up regulation
Chronic inflammation
Antibodies formation
Auto immune disorders
Metagenome
Varies chronic diseases
symptomology including
18. The Ligand:
1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D
(calcitriol)
The Receptor
VDR deactivation
(? Increased 1,25-dihydroxy
vitamin-D (calcitriol) -
no breakdown
Innate immunity down regulation
VDR agonist Olmesartan
Root cause of VDR Deactivation
Ex : Pathogens (dysbiosis – leaky gut)
Global Look for Causes of vitamin D deficient function
Causes may be interrelated
Calcitriol
Calcitriol
Ligand
VDR
VDR
Mal adaptive immunity (autoimmunity)
Treatment of AID manifestations1-Insufficient vitamin D
precursors
2- Severe liver or kidney
disease
Root cause
Factors that
Deactivate VDR
Ex : Pathogens
(Dysbiosis –
Leaky gut)
21. Diversity and Biodiversity
Biological diversity, or biodiversity,
is the scientific term for the variety
and variability of life on Earth.
Every living thing, including man
is involved in these complex
networks of interdependent
relationships, which are called
ecosystems.
Biodiversity
is the key indicator of the
health of an ecosystem.
22. How killing wolves to protect livestock may backfire
BY SARAH ZIELINSKI
12:25PM, MARCH 2, 2016
Lone wolves are more likely to go after goats and other livestock than wolves
living in packs. – increase in pairs
23. Counting the costs of Vulture decline – an appraisal of human
health and other benefits of Vultures in India
Article (PDF Available) in Ecological Economics 67(2):194-
204 · September 2008 with 1,402 Reads
Diclofenac in veterinary use
24. Extinction of Vultures led to over growth of rodents
Rodent outbreaks in North America Gary W. Witmer USDA-APHIS-Wildlife
Services, gary.w.witmer@aphis.usda.gov
August 2004 Rodent Ecology and Plague in North America Gary W. Witmer USDA-APHIS-
Wildlife Services, gary.w.witmer@aphis.usda.g
25. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Fire ants and Phorid flies as Biocontrol Agents
Last Modified: 10/4/2017
26. In 1958 Mao Zedong ordered all the
sparrows to be killed because they ate
too much grain
It was noticed that insect infestation of
crop fields had soared.
Sparrows ate pests such as locusts
After the campaign, the locusts lost
their major predator.
This meant that killing the sparrows
was counter-productive
The sparrows, it seemed, didn’t only
eat grain seeds. They also ate insects.
The worst environmental disasters in history
45 million people died in a famine
27. 10 Most dangerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria
E Coli resistant to Quinolones
due to abuse of Quinolones in veterinary care
28. ٍْضعَبِب ُمهَضْعَب َاسهنال ِ هاَّلل ُعَْفد َوَلَلَوُضْرَ ْاْل ِتَدَسَفهلِكََٰلَوىَلَع ٍلْضَف وُذ َ هاَّلل هنَينِمَلاَعْال(251)ا سورةلبقرة
And if Allah had not repelled some men by others the earth would have been corrupted.
But Allah is a Lord of Kindness to (His) creatures.
Sura Al-Baqara: Verse 25
ِضْرَ ْاْلَو ِتاَاوَمهسال ُقْلَخ ِهِتاَيآ ْنِومِناَوْلَأَو ْمُكِتَنِسْلَأ ُف ََلِتْاخَوْمُكٍتاَي ََ ََِلََٰذ ِف هَّ َِِينِمِلاَعْلِل(22.)سورة
الروم
And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the variations in
your languages and your colours: verily in that are Signs for those who know.
Ar-Room: Verse 22
Diversity and Bio Diversity is a rule
that govern our life on earth
29. Diversity and Biodiversity
Like all healthy ecosystems,
Richness of microbiota species characterizes
the GI microbiome in healthy individuals.
Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a
common finding in several disease states.
Microbiota Biodiversity helps us:
1- Combat aggressions from other
microorganisms,
2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal
mucosa.
3- Plays an important role in the immune system,
4- Performing a barrier effect.
5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to
ensuring proper digestive functioning.
32. How epigenetics, our gut microbiome
and the environment interact to change our lives
Ben Locwin | Genetic Literacy Project | October 17, 2016
Research presented at the American Association for the Advancement of
Science 2014 conference
1- Supported that epigenetics and some form of heritability are in fact
linked.
2- Much of our lives and life trajectories could, in fact, reflect a sensitive
interplay between our environment, genes (epigenetics) and microbiome
3- The intersection of all of these factors is, quite simply, ‘us.’ as in the Venn
diagram
1- Children raised in more rural areas (more exposure to animals, dirt, debris, molds, pollen, etc.) suffer from
fewer cases of allergies than those children raised in more urban settings. Again, that pattern suggests an
interplay of our external environment, microbiome, and epigenetics.
2- Some novel research indicates that certain compounds produced by certain gut flora can make colon
cancer more prevalent by blocking the activity of DNA repair proteins.
3- The composition of the gut microflora can be changed very ‘rapidly and reproducibly’ in response to dietary
changes. Some of the consequences are directly due to microbial gene expression.
4- The inflammatory cascade of Crohn’s disease seems to be related to the gut microbiome and specific
microbes in particular.
33. An epigenome consists of a record of
the chemical changes to the DNA and
histone proteins of an organism
These changes can be passed down to
an organism's offspring via
transgenerational epigenetic
inheritance.
Wikipedia
1- The epigenome is highly sensitive
to external environmental factors in early life,
such as nutrition, stress, endocrine disruption
and pollution
Epigenetics, Gut microbiome and the Environment
a sensitive interplay
2- The epigenome is highly sensitive to internal environmental (Microbiota)
3- The changes in the epigenome can induce long-term changes in gene expression and phenotype.
4- The external environmental factors (our environment) affects our microbiome (The internal
environmental)
34. Epigenetics and lifestyle
Jorge Alejandro Alegría-Torres,1 Andrea Baccarelli,2 and Valentina Bollati3,*
Epigenomics. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 Aug 26.
Published in final edited form as: Epigenomics. 2011 Jun; 3(3): 267–277.
doi: 10.2217/epi.11.22 PMCID: PMC3752894 NIHMSID: NIHMS498542 PMID: 22122337
The concept of “lifestyle” includes different factors such as nutrition, behavior, stress,
physical activity, working habits, smoking and alcohol consumption.
Increasing evidence shows that environmental and lifestyle factors may
influence epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone
acetylation and microRNA expression.
Several lifestyle factors have been identified that might modify epigenetic patterns,
such as diet, obesity, physical activity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption,
environmental pollutants, psychological stress, and working on night shifts.
Most studies conducted so far have been centered on DNA methylation, whereas only a
few investigations have studied lifestyle factors in relation to histone modifications and
miRNAs.
Current evidence indicating that lifestyle factors might affect human health
via epigenetic mechanisms.
35. Wi-Fi - EMFs
Disruption of the VGCC.
Leaky Barriers
leaky gut
How Cell Phones and Wireless Routers Mess Up Your Gut
July 11, 2016 Rob EMF, Microbiome, Research
Microbiota
Dysbiosis
VDR deactivation
Ligand from pathogens
1400 genes out of order
Innate immunity
Down regulation
Resistant pathogens
chronic illness
Adaptive immunity
Up regulation
Chronic inflammation
Antibodies formation
Auto immune disorders
Example to show how the causes of Lifestyle diseases are
interrelated
Western lifestyle
stress, a hyper-hygienic lifestyle ,deworming
treatments at an early age, chlorinated water,
excessive antibiotic treatments, Western diet
low in fiber and high in carbs, toxins, drugs.
37. The gut microbiota is with humans from birth and affects function throughout the body.
The human body is a host to 10 - 100 trillion microbes in a symbiotic relationship.
They outnumber the human cells in the body 10 to 1.
This benefits both the microbes and their hosts, as long as the body is in a healthy
state
The human microbiota consists of a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other
single-celled animals that live in the body.
Over 1000 different species of microorganism making up the human microbiota.
The microbiome is the name given to all of the genes inside these microbial cells
(metagenome).
Microbiota the forgotten
organ
What are the gut microbiota and human microbiome?
By Markus MacGill - Reviewed by Saurabh (Seth) Sethi, MD MPH
Last updated Tue 26 June 2018
38. The microorganisms living inside the gastrointestinal tract amount to around
4 pounds of biomass. Every individual has a unique mix of species.
The microbiota is important for nutrition, immunity, and effects on the brain
and behavior.
It is implicated in a number of diseases that cause a disturbance in the normal
balance of microbes.
The biggest populations of microbes reside
in the gut. Other popular habitats include the
skin and genitals.
The microbial cells and their genetic material, the
microbiome, live with humans from birth. This
relationship is vital to normal health.
39. Microbiota – the forgotten organ
The Gut Microbiota
Complex community of microbes estimated to contain:
1- 200 trillion cells
2- > 1000 diverse microbial species
3- 10 times the number of human cells in our body
4- Gut Microbiome is 150 times larger than the human
genome
5- 100 to 1,000 times more DNA than ours!!!
6- 20,000 functions & make 100’s of thousands of
biochemicals
7- Genes for making hormones, enzymes, etc. (Humans =
23,000 - Microbes = 4.5 million)
8- Found even in “sterile” zones (e.g. lungs & womb)
40. 1- Prevents colonization by pathogens
2- “Educates and Modulate the immune
system” Immunomodulatory cell signaling
3- Epigenomic expression e.g., butyrate
and histone deacetylase inhibition
4- Metabolic role
- Digestion-caloric extraction
- Produces
• SCFA short chain fatty acids
(hypertension)
• Gut hormones/permeability
• Vitamin modification Vit K and folate
5- Participates in drug metabolism
• Activates 5-ASA 5-amino-salicylic
acid (colorectal cancer protection)
6- Deconjugates bile acids – Detoxification
7- Cytokine modulation – insulin/leptin
8- 99% genome from microbes
9- Neurotransmitters - Talk to the vagus
nerve
Gut Microbiota
Functions
41. Dysbiosis is any perturbation of the normal microbiome content that could disrupt
the symbiotic relationship between the host and associated microbes,
a disruption that can result in diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and
other gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease,
irritable bowel syndrome, and even gastric and colon cancer [3–6].
From: The Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, 2017
Dysbiosis
Microbial Imbalance Inside the Body
Types of Dysbiosis are:
1) Loss of beneficial bacteria
2) Overgrowth of potentially
pathogenic bacteria
3) Loss of overall bacterial
diversity
42.
43. A gut out of balance means a body out
of balance which means illness
• Inflammation
• Allergies
• Infections
• Nutrient deficiencies
• Weight Gain
• Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis
• Metabolic Bone disease
• Skin problems e.g. eczema, rosacea
• Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-
Alzheimer's
• Cancer
44.
45. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance
which means illness
Gut Dysbiosis may contribute to psoriatic arthritis by
overgrowth of inflammatory strains of bacteria and
yeasts, by reduction of tolerogenic strains including F.
prausnitzii , or by a combination of both
Source publication
46.
47.
48. Dysbiosis, SIBO, Increased Intestinal Permeability (leaky gut)
Obesity – Diabetes – Cardiovascular risk – Cancer - etc
Abbreviations:
(TLR4) Toll-like receptor 4
(LPS) Lipopolysaccharide
(SAT) Subcutaneous adipose tissue
(VAT) visceral adipose tissue
(PGC-1α) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
coactivator 1-alpha is a protein ... a key regulator of energy
metabolism
(FIAF) Fasting-Induced Adipose Factor or ANGPTL4, a protein that
inhibits (LPL)
(LPL) lipoprotein lipase
(SCFAs) Short chain fatty acids
(NNS) Non nutritious sweetener
(SIBO) small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
(NASH) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
(FFA) free fatty acids
50. Vitamin D deficient function
(ligand – Receptor VDR)
Western life style
Antibiotics
Steroids
Birth control pills
Other Drugs, NSAID -Aspirin
Stress
Poor Diet sugar – processed
Infections
Diseases
Bottle Feeding
Old Age Extreme age
Immune suppression
Pollution
Radiation EMFs
Alcohol
Toxic Chemicals
Poor dental hygiene
Dental Work (mercury)
What can alter or damage
Gut Flora
Causes of Dysbiosis
51. Example: Bacterial
Dysbiosis
Understanding Peptic Ulcers, H. Pylori and the Connection to Gut Dysbiosis
OCTOBER 4TH, 2018
Peptic Ulcers, H.Pylori and the Link to Gut Dysbiosis | Bio-K+
https://www.biokplus.com/.../understanding-peptic-ulcers-h-pylori-and-the-connection-t...
52. Western lifestyle factors
that lead to autoimmunity
diseases
The figure represents the main factors that
contribute to the disruption of gut
homeostasis and rise in autoimmune
diseases in Western countries, such as
stress, a hyper-hygienic lifestyle that
includes deworming treatments at an early
age, drinking chlorinated water (19), and
excessive antibiotic treatments (34), the
Western diet which is characteristically low
in fiber and high in saturated fat (35), toxins
(36), drugs (36-38), and vitamin D
deficiency (39).
Furthermore, Vitamin D deficiency and
vitamin D receptor function have also been
shown to disrupt gut homeostasis and
consequently immune tolerance (40, 41).
All of these factors can lead to intestinal
Dysbiosis, more susceptibility to pathogenic
infections and intestinal permeability, which
predispose to lipopolysaccharides
translocation and trigger inflammatory
immune responses such as TNF-α and
IFN-γ (42). The loss of immune
homeostasis can lead to food intolerances
and allergies, which can subsequently lead
to autoimmune disease development (19).
53. The Fungal Mycobiome
and Its Interaction with Gut Bacteria in the Host
Qi Hui Sam,1 Matthew Wook Chang,2,3 and Louis Yi Ann Chai1,4,*
Patrick C. Y. Woo, Academic Editor Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb; 18(2): 330. Published online 2017 Feb 4. doi: 10.3390/ijms18020330
PMCID: PMC5343866 - PMID: 28165395
Figure 1. The multifaceted factors influencing gut microbiome and mycobiome interaction.
54. DNA sequencing
Solved the problem of negative cultures
The interaction between the mycobiome and microbiome
It includes any method or technology that is used to determine
the order of the four nitrogenous bases: adenine,
guanine, cytosine, and thymine. (AGCT)
The advent of rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly
accelerated biological and medical research and discovery.
The advent of sequencing technology has endowed us with the capacity to study
microbes constituting the human commensal community that were previously
non-culturable. Much of the initial works have concentrated on the bacterial flora
constituting the gut microbiome, since specimens are readily accessible in health and
disease. Less, however, is understood of the “silent population”—the fungal
species, also known as the mycobiome. Living in symbiosis with bacteria as
commensals in our body, it is perceivable that the mycobiome exerts an inadvertent
influence on the microbiome. We review here the recent knowledge gained from study of
the interaction between the mycobiome and microbiome in health and disease
susceptibility, immunity, and consequences from antimicrobial
56. Systemic Candidiasis
The most common causes of increased risk for candida
overgrowth include:
•Immuno compromised (for example, people who have had an
organ transplant, have HIV/AIDS, or are on cancer chemotherapy)
•Medications such as broad-spectrum antibiotics
•High stress lifestyle
•Oral contraceptives
•Dietary : refined sugars and carbohydrates
•Cancer treatments
•Oral corticosteroids
•Intensive care unit (ICU) patients
•People who have had surgery,
especially gastrointestinal surgery
•People who have a central venous catheter
•Very low-birth-weight infants
•Extreme age
•People who have a very low neutrophil (a type of white blood
cell) count (neutropenia)
•People who have kidney failure or are on hemodialysis
•People who have diabetes
57. Systemic candidiasis includes a spectrum of yeast
infections caused by different species (types)
of Candida
It is a serious infection that can affect the blood,
heart, brain, eyes, bones, or other parts of the body
Although there are over 200 species of Candida, five
different species of Candida cause 90% of systemic
candidiasisl:
The most common form of this invasive yeast
infection is when Candida enters the bloodstream
(candidemia).
Systemic candidiasis is the most common fungal
infection among hospitalized people in high-income
countries, including the United States.
Diagnosis can be difficult, especially when
the Candida is not found in the bloodstream
Treatment usually includes oral or intravenous (IV)
antifungal medications
Last updated: 12/15/2016
Systemic Candidiasis
58. Systemic Candidiasis
SIGNS OF CANDIDEMIA INCLUDE:
1- Fever and chills that do not improve with
antibiotics.
2- Can cause Septic shock
(low blood pressure, fast heart rate, and
rapid breathing)
3- Depend on the organ or system which is
infected.
central nervous system (brain and spinal
cord), abdomen, heart, kidneys, liver,
bones, muscles, joints, spleen, and/or
eyes.
Candidemia may be present, but not in all
cases.
59. Effectively treating Candida involves
1- stopping the overgrowth,
2- restoring the friendly bacteria that usually keep them
in check,
3- repairing your gut so that Candida can no longer
enter your bloodstream.
I accomplish this with a simple and proven three-wave attack in
my 30-day Candida Breakthrough® Program. The steps are as
follows:
•Step 1: First, you need to starve the Candida by removing the
foods that feed it from your diet. This means cutting
all sugar and alcohol, and limiting carbohydrates such as fruit,
starchy vegetables, grains, and legumes.
•Step 2: Next, you’ll want to attack the Candida by taking
supplements that destroy Candida’s cell walls. I like to use
Candifense™ as well as Caprylic Acid, both of which are
excellent at breaking down the walls of Candida cells.
•Step 3: Finally, you will repopulate your gut with good bacteria
using a high-potency probiotic to keep Candida under control.
While battling Candida, I recommend a probiotic supplement
containing 100 billion colony-forming units (CFUs) to restore
your gut’s healthy microbial balance.
How do you treat Candida overgrowth?
62. Short-term intermittent fasting prevent gut pathologies, improves gut health and extends
lifespan in fruit flies independent of the TOR pathway[viii].
Fasting for 24-hours either every other day or twice a week extends the lifespan in rodents
by up to 30%[ix]
Intermittent fasting promotes clearance of pathogens and infectious bacteria and helps to
heal the gut in mice infected with salmonella[x]
Fasting lowers overall inflammation in the body which causes oxidative stress, DNA damage,
and promote disease
Fasting protects the gut against the negative effects of stress[xi], which promotes
inflammation and cause damage to the intestinal walls. Fasting activates a pathway called cAMP,
which further activates genes that promote intestinal lining integrity and strength[xii]. The cognitive
benefits of fasting on the brain will also improve your mood and improve stress resiliency which
protects against leaky gut again. agy[xviii].
Intermittent Fasting and Gut Health
September 26, 2018 Siim Land
How fasting affects the gut microbiome and your overall health
Intermittent fasting promotes white adipose tissue browning and reduces obesity by shaping the gut microbiome[xiii].
The gut microbiota influences adipose tissue browning and insulin sensitivity[xiv] by signaling the browning of white fat into brown
fat[xv].
Caloric restriction and weight loss increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the gut called Bacteroidetes[xvi]. Obese
people have less of these bacteria than lean people. Caloric restriction enriches phylotypes in the gut that are positively correlated
with increased lifespan[xvii]
The benefits of fasting on gut are derived from not just the direct impact on the microbiome but also
because of increased insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation, stronger immune system, and removal
of dysfunctional cells through autophagy
63. What causes alterations of the human microbiome
• Dietary changes : e.g. refined, processed
simple starches and sugars “carbohydrate-
dense” foods
• Marked decreases in fermentable fiber
• Antibiotic use: in prescriptions and in
industrialized foods
• Glyphosate: as broad-spectrum systemic
herbicide . It is applied to the leaves of plants to
kill both broadleaf plants and grasses.
Glyphosate is organophosphorus compound
used to regulate plant growth and ripen
fruit. Glyphosate was first registered for use in
the U.S. in 1974.
• Hygiene hypothesis
• Prior GI infections; H. pylori; systemic
infections SIBO-small intestinal bacterial
overgrowth
• Medications: e.g. PPIs, steroids,
chemotherapy
64. 1- To address dietary and lifestyle
issues, and to begin the process of
dietary education and change.
2- To normalize digestion and
absorption.
3- To normalize the balance of
gastrointestinal bacteria.
4- To promote a balanced system of
detoxification.
5- To promote gastrointestinal healing.
5-R Program
Goal for digestive health is to accomplish the following
65. 1- Remove:
Remove GIT stressors: allergic foods, parasites or other bad bugs
such as bacteria or yeast.
using an allergy “elimination diet” or taking drugs or herbs to eradicate a
particular bug.
2- Replace:
Replace digestive secretions: digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid and
bile acids that are required for proper digestion and that may be
compromised by diet, drugs, diseases, aging, or other factors.
3- Reinoculate:
Beneficial bacteria flourish by taking probiotic foods or supplements that
contain the so-called “good” bacteria such
as bifidobacteria and lactobacillus species, and by consuming the high
soluble fiber foods that good bugs like to eat, called “prebiotics.”
4- Repair:
Help the lining of the GI tract repair itself by supplying key nutrients that
can often be in short supply in a disease state, such as zinc, antioxidants
(e.g. vitamins A, C, and E), fish oil, and the amino acid glutamine.
5- Rebalance:
Pay attention to lifestyle choices – sleep, exercise and stress can all
affect the GI tract.
5-R Program
Elements for digestive health are described briefly below
66. Microbiota Accessible Carbohydrates
Soluble fibers
• Fruits and vegetables e.g. apples, pears, berries, carrots, squash,
zucchini, sweet potato
Non-starch polysaccharides
• Long chain carbohydrates that are not starch e.g. onions, garlic,
Jerusalem artichoke, leeks
Resistant starch
• Non-soluble fiber e.g. beans, legumes, lentils, cooked-cooled
potatoes, plantains
Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) are carbohydrates that are resistant to digestion by a host's
metabolism, and are made available for gut microbes, as prebiotics, to ferment or metabolize into beneficial
compounds, such as short chain fatty acids.
67. To get the fiber your body needs, eat
a well-balanced diet that includes
delicious high-fiber foods likes
these:
FRUITS.
bananas, oranges, apples, mangoes,
strawberries, raspberries.
VEGETABLES.
Generally, the darker the color, the
higher the fiber content. ...
BEANS & LEGUMES. ...
BREADS & Whole GRAINS. ...
NUTS.
72. Peppermint
Kill Mouth Germs
Fight Food borne Bacteria
like E. coli, listeria, and salmonella. They found that it can stop all
three from growing. It can also kill Staphylococcus aureus, a
bacteria that causes skin infections, pneumonia, meningitis, and
more.sd
Apple Cider Vinegar
Acidifying the stomach
Kill pathogens, including bacteria
Garlic
Anti-bacterial
Anti-parasitic
Curcumin is the key active ingredient in turmeric
Antioxidant
Anti-inflammatory
Antimicrobial
Antifungal activities
73. Lifestyle changes to bring diversity and
balance to the gut microbiome 1
• Diminish sugar and processed refined, carbohydrate-dense foods. Grains, gluten
and Glyphosate exposures
• Increase fermentable plant-based fiber and fermentable foods
• Biodiversity in food and feed.
• Fermented foods containing lactobacilli : include many ancient staples,
ranging from fermented milk, yogurt, cheese and wine to olives,
pickles, sauerkraut, sourdough bread, fermented sausages and salami, as
well as silage and recent probiotic dairy products. Apr 7, 2006
• foods containing bifidobacteria : Eat whole grains: Whole grains such as
oats and barley are very good for gut health and can help increase intestinal
Bifidobacteria (43, 44). Eat fermented foods: Fermented foods such
as yogurt and kimchi contain healthy bacteria. Jul 25, 2017
74. • Whenever possible, go organic, GMO-free (Glyphosate)
• Cautious with prescribed antibiotics and feed lot meats, poultry, and eggs
• Minimize NNS non-nutritive sweeteners, emulsifiers, thickeners
• Consider: testing, diagnosis and treatment of dysbiosis-SIBO (SIBO breath
testing; Complete Digestive Stool Analysis (CDSA) ; H. pylori)
• Probiotics
• Taper, d/c PPIs
• ? Future of fecal microbiota transplants
Lifestyle changes to bring diversity and
balance to the gut microbiome 2
75.
76. Main References:
How epigenetics, our gut microbiome and the environment interact to change our lives
Ben Locwin | Genetic Literacy Project | October 17, 2016
Health and the Gut Microbiome: Restoring a Lost Legacy
Mark Pettus MD. Director of Medical Education and Population Health. Berkshire Health
Systems. March 27, 2017
The Fungal Mycobiota: Small Numbers, Large Impacts
Carol A. Kumamoto1,*
1Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue,
Boston, MA 02111, USA
*Correspondence: carol.kumamoto@tufts.edu
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.05.018
Fungal dysbiosis: immunity and interactions at mucosal barriers
Iliyan D. Iliev
1,2,3
and Irina Leonardi
1,3
Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Oct; 17(10): 635–646.
Published online 2017 Jun 12. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.55
The Fungal Mycobiome and Its Interaction with Gut Bacteria in the Host
Qi Hui Sam 1
,Matthew Wook Chang 2,3
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(2), 330; doi:10.3390/ijms18020330
Systemic candidiasis Other Names: Systemic candida infections; Invasive Candidiasis
Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD)
77. Role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites on gut homeostasis and human diseases
Lan Lin1*Lin and Zhang BMC Immunology (2017) 18:2
DOI 10.1186/s12865-016-0187-3
Immunological Consequences of Intestinal Fungal Dysbiosis
Matthew L. Wheeler,1 Jose J. Limon,1 Agnieszka S. Bar,1,6 Christian A. Leal,1 Matthew
Gargus,1 Jie Tang,2 Jordan Brown,2
Vincent A. Funari,2 Hanlin L. Wang,3 Timothy R. Crother,4 Moshe Arditi,4 David M.
Underhill,1,3,5,* and Iliyan D. Iliev1,5,6,*
The Mycobiome: A Neglected Component in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
Raphaël Enaud 1,2,3,*, Louise-Eva Vandenborght 1,3,4, Noémie Coron 1,2,3, Thomas Bazin
1,2, enaud Prevel 1, Thierry Schaeverbeke 1,2, Patrick Berger 1,2,3, Michael Fayon 1,2,3,
Thierry Lamireau 1,2 ID and Laurence Delhaes 1,2,3
Received: 5 February 2018; Accepted: 5 March 2018; Published: 9 March 2018
Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health
Article (PDF Available) in BMJ Clinical Research 361:k2179 · June 2018 with 286 Reads
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k2179
JB Review J Biochem 127, 717-722 2000: The Function of Vitamin D Receptor in
Vitamin D Action
Shigeaki Kato Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciencex The University of Tokyo, Yavoi-
cho, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032; and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation,
41-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332 Received January 21, 2000; accepted January 28,
2000
Editor's Notes
Intact microbiome is essential for many aspects of the development of the GIT including – the mucosa associated immune system, immune tolerance, epithelial and barrier function, motility and vascularity. the resident commensal microbiota continues to contribute to such homeostatic functions such as pathogen exclusion, immunomodulation, upregulation of cytoprotective genes, prevention and regulation of apoptosis and maintenance of barrier function