Watch the video of the presentation on Youtube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6CmOWR8klI&feature=youtu.be
Seasonal influenza continues to cause yearly epidemics resulting in severe disease and a significant number of deaths despite available vaccines and antivirals. Even more concerning is the ability of influenza virus to cause pandemics every 10-50 years. In the last years, we and other have characterized several features associated with virus virulence and tropism. In addition, new developments suggest the possibility of universal influenza virus vaccines that induce protective antibodies against conserved regions.
Dr. Robert Tauxe - Public Health Concerns About Resistant Foodborne InfectionsJohn Blue
Public Health Concerns About Resistant Foodborne Infections - Dr. Robert Tauxe, Deputy Director, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from the 2013 NIAA Symposium Bridging the Gap Between Animal Health and Human Health, November 12-14, 2013, Kansas City, MO, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-antibiotics-bridging-the-gap-animal-health-human-health
Effectiveness of the Influenza vaccine . Dr. Sharda Jain , Lifecare Cent...Lifecare Centre
Effectiveness of vaccine can be judged in 4 ways
Immunogenicity – i.e. immune response generated in the mother.
Transfer of antibodies to fetus
Clinical efficacy in mother
Clinical efficacy in newborn
( up to 6 months of age )
Zyvac TCV - The Indian Typhoid Conjugate VaccineGaurav Gupta
Presented at Ambala in Jan 2020. Is TCV needed, and is it better than Polysaccharide vaccine. Indian data and studies by Dr. Gaurav Gupta, Pediatrician from Charak Clinics, Mohali
Dr. Robert Tauxe - Public Health Concerns About Resistant Foodborne InfectionsJohn Blue
Public Health Concerns About Resistant Foodborne Infections - Dr. Robert Tauxe, Deputy Director, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from the 2013 NIAA Symposium Bridging the Gap Between Animal Health and Human Health, November 12-14, 2013, Kansas City, MO, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-antibiotics-bridging-the-gap-animal-health-human-health
Effectiveness of the Influenza vaccine . Dr. Sharda Jain , Lifecare Cent...Lifecare Centre
Effectiveness of vaccine can be judged in 4 ways
Immunogenicity – i.e. immune response generated in the mother.
Transfer of antibodies to fetus
Clinical efficacy in mother
Clinical efficacy in newborn
( up to 6 months of age )
Zyvac TCV - The Indian Typhoid Conjugate VaccineGaurav Gupta
Presented at Ambala in Jan 2020. Is TCV needed, and is it better than Polysaccharide vaccine. Indian data and studies by Dr. Gaurav Gupta, Pediatrician from Charak Clinics, Mohali
Dr. Robert Tauxe - Antimicrobial Resistance and The Human-Animal Interface: T...John Blue
Antimicrobial Resistance and The Human-Animal Interface: The Public Health Concerns - Dr. Robert Tauxe, Deputy Director, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from the 2014 NIAA Symposium on Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Moving Forward Through Shared Stewardship, November 12-14, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-niaa-antibiotics-moving-forward-through-shared-stewardship
After several years of decreasing trend, foodborne hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has re-emerged as a public health problem in EU/EEA since 2011. Several consecutive multi-country foodborne HAV outbreaks were experienced in Europe 2012-2014.
Peste des-ruminants-is-a-rinderpest.doc pdfGudyne Wafubwa
Peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV) is a disease mostly affecting goats and sheep. Since its first discovery, it has caused massive economic loss to most small pastoralists in Africa and other developing countries. It is the integral role of all stakeholders to join hands so as to eradicate the disease.
This presentation is a part 2/4 of series of presentation on Paediatric immunization.This presentation aims at helping the pediatric trainees and practitioners to brush up their knowledge in Immunization. The schedule is based on the Universal Immunisation Programme. I have tried to cover as much as possible in terms of individual vaccines and hope it is beneficial to the reader.
Dr. Robert Tauxe - Antimicrobial Resistance and The Human-Animal Interface: T...John Blue
Antimicrobial Resistance and The Human-Animal Interface: The Public Health Concerns - Dr. Robert Tauxe, Deputy Director, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from the 2014 NIAA Symposium on Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Moving Forward Through Shared Stewardship, November 12-14, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-niaa-antibiotics-moving-forward-through-shared-stewardship
After several years of decreasing trend, foodborne hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has re-emerged as a public health problem in EU/EEA since 2011. Several consecutive multi-country foodborne HAV outbreaks were experienced in Europe 2012-2014.
Peste des-ruminants-is-a-rinderpest.doc pdfGudyne Wafubwa
Peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV) is a disease mostly affecting goats and sheep. Since its first discovery, it has caused massive economic loss to most small pastoralists in Africa and other developing countries. It is the integral role of all stakeholders to join hands so as to eradicate the disease.
This presentation is a part 2/4 of series of presentation on Paediatric immunization.This presentation aims at helping the pediatric trainees and practitioners to brush up their knowledge in Immunization. The schedule is based on the Universal Immunisation Programme. I have tried to cover as much as possible in terms of individual vaccines and hope it is beneficial to the reader.
Background
Influenza A viruses are medically significant pathogens responsible for higher mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenza A subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2, which are highly contagious, and belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. Efficient and accurate diagnosis of influenza A in individuals is critical for monitoring of a constantly evolving pandemic. A rapid result is important, because timely treatment can reduce disease severity and duration. Rapid antigen tests were among the first-line diagnostic tools for the detection of pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus infection during the initial outbreak. Current study focuses on the significant approach of the usage of molecular method utilizing real-time PCR for the detection of type A influenza virus (H1N1 subtype) in humans.
Methods
A total of 2000 mixed nasal/throat swab specimens collected in commercial viral transport from Apollo hospitals, Hyderabad were submitted to Institute of Preventive Medicine for molecular testing by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from 2009 to 2015 from its affiliated primary care clinics.
Results
Among the 2000 samples collected, 700 samples were positive for Human Inf A, swine Inf A, and Swine Inf H1 (fourth table in the article). One thousand two hundred samples were negative for Human Inf A, swine Inf A, and Swine Inf H1, and 100 samples were positive for Influenza A only.
Conclusion
The molecular testing of H1N1 patients helped the clinicians in timely diagnosis and treatment of these patients during the pandemic surveillance. The RT-PCR test has higher sensitivity and specificity; hence it is considered to be the best tool to use during the pandemic surveillance, as compared to the any other commercial antigen-based tests, which show a variable performance, with the sensitivities of tests from different manufacturers ranging from 9 to 77%.
In light of the H7N9 , the Yale-Tulane ESF #8 Planning and Response Program has produced a special report on A(H7N9).The Yale-Tulane ESF #8 Program is a multi-disciplinary, multi-center, graduate-level, program designed to produce ESF #8 planners and responders with standardized skill sets that are consistent with evolving public policy, technologies, and best practices. The group that produced this summary and analysis of the current situation are graduate students from Yale and Tulane Universities. It was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.
The differences between a cow and a monkey are clear. It is easy to tell a moth from a mosquito. So why are there still scientific studies that mix them up? The answer is simple: hundreds of cell lines stored and used by modern laboratories have been wrongly identified. Some pig cells are labelled as coming from a chicken; cell lines advertised as human have been shown to contain material from hamsters, rats, mice and monkeys. Problems have already been found with more than 400 cell lines. (Cited from Nature 520 (2015)).
An increasing number of scientific publications (i.e. Nature journals) are now sistematically asking for cell line authentication at the moment of paper submission. To help researchers to meet this requirement, UAT is starting to offer a new service for human cell line authentication.
Se realiza una revisión sobre los diversos mecanismos neuroendocrinos que ocurren en la madre y en el recién nacido, y que están relacionados con el inicio y consolidación del apego entre ambos. Se expone el papel que diferentes hormonas y neurotransmisores juegan en la regulación del vínculo en relación con el parto, el postparto inmediato y la lactancia. La interferencia en el inicio del apego entre madre e hijo puede tener potenciales efectos a largo plazo en el comportamiento y en el afecto del recién nacido. La influencia que determinados aspectos relacionados con el parto (como la realización de una cesárea electiva, la administración de hormonas durante el parto, el nacimiento prematuro, la separación madre-hijo o la alimentación mediante biberón) puedan tener sobre el mecanismo neuroendocrino del vínculo y sus consecuencias son objeto de esta revisión
16/03/2015 Seminario VHIR
Dr. Sergio Sosa-Estani. Director del Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", investigador del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet). Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Director del Instituto Nacional de Parasitología-Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben en Argentina. El instituto está involucrado en un extenso programa de investigación, incluso como un referente regional en el diagnóstico, prevención y control de enfermedades prevalentes y emergentes en Argentina, tales como la enfermedad de Chagas, Leishmaniasis y otras.
Sosa-Estani desempeñó como director de la Unidad de Vector Borne de Control de Enfermedades del Ministerio de Salud de Argentina. Tiene más de 50 publicaciones a su nombre, y es el investigador principal o co-investigador en diez proyectos de investigación en curso o finalizados.
Presentation carried out by Casandra Riera, researcher from the Translational Bioinformatics group at VHIR, for the course "Identification and analysis of sequence variants in sequencing
projects: fundamentals and tools"
Presentation carried out by Xavier de la Cruz, head of the Translational Bioinformatics group at VHIR, at the course: Identification and analysis of sequence variants in sequencing projects: fundamentals and tools.
Presentation carried out by Sophia Derdak, from the Data Analysis Team at CNAG, at the course "Identification and analysis of sequence variants in sequencing projects: fundamentals and tools".
Presentation carried out by Sergi Beltran Agulló, from the CNAG, at the course: Identification and analysis of sequence variants in sequencing projects: fundamentals and tools .
Presentation carried out by CNAG's director, Ivo Gut, at the course: Identification and analysis of sequence variants in sequencing projects: fundamentals and tools.
La recerca bàsica i traslacional en malalties rares és fonamental per entendre la fisiologia humana i per desenvolupar teràpies innovadores sovint útils també per malalties molt més prevalents. L’anèmia de Fanconi, caracteritzada per disfunció de la medul·la òssia i predisposició tumoral, n’és un exemple edificant. El primer transplantament de cordó umbilical de la història de la medicina fou en un pacient Fanconi. El primer nen medicament va néixer per curar un pacient Fanconi. El primer cop que s’han generat teixits sans per auto-transplantament curant, desprogramant i re-diferenciant cèl·lules de la pell d’un malalt ha estat en anèmia de Fanconi. I els primers assajos clínics de teràpia gènica s’estan desenvolupat també en malalties de la sang com l’anèmia de Fanconi. Aquests són alguns exemples de com l’estudi de malalties rares por transcendir més enllà del pacient afecte en benefici de tota la societat.
Prof. Milan Macek. Professor of Medical and Molecular Genetics Chairman of Department of Biology and Medical Genetics Division of Clinical Molecular Genetics and the National Cystic Fibrosis Centre- University Hospital Motol and 2nd School of Medicine -Charles University Prague- Czech Republic.
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There is an increasing need to manage cost-effectiveness issues of novel or relatively expensive technologies that are currently in use or being proposed for the treatment of rare diseases. Cystic fibrosis (CF), where so called „CFTR modulating therapies“ rendered by several novel orphan medicinal products (e.g. ivacaftor, lumacaftor) are rapidly being introduced into clinical practice, will be used as a model. Health-economic evaluations of rising pharmacotherapeutic costs, as the major driver of overall cost, have to be part of the cost analysis of chronic and progressive (rare) diseases like CF that may require lifelong therapy. Total costs include not only direct healthcare costs but also the cost of lost productivity by both patients and family caregivers. When considering the results of cost-effectiveness analysis of new technologies associated with the management of CF, it is unreasonable to expect that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio to be less than the generally applied thresholds (willingness to pay) for other common diseases. This issue is further compounded by mutation specific therapies for a subset of the overal cohort of CF patients. Therefore, when assessing CF and other rare diseases, such analyses should include complex health technology assessment approaches, which evaluate comparative treatment effectiveness (novel and established), as well as wider social benefits and ethical aspects. We will present the experience of the Prague CF center in terms of costs of illness studies and pharmacoeconomical approaches to studying children and adolescents with this disease.
La disponibilidad de un sistema de multiplicación del virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) infeccioso en cultivos celulares está permitiendo investigar nuevos factores de respuesta a tratamientos antivíricos en condiciones controladas. Se presentará evidencia de que el fitness vírico puede ser un factor de multiresistencia a inhibidores y quese pueden obtener eficientes reducciones de carga viral empleando diseños secuenciales de administración de inhibidores que incluyan ribavirina. Se discutirán posibilidades de aplicación clínica.
The research interest of the investigator has focused on the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of sepsis. In particular, he has worked on soluble proteins involved in the innate recognition of bacteria such as soluble CD14 and MD-2, as well as in the Toll-like receptors activated by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Another area of study is the molecular pathogenesis and cell signaling of ventilator-induced lung injury, and lung inflammation in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome. He has also identified and tested biomarkers in the field of clinical sepsis.
Watch the presentation on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyWN7JlhlmI&
Enfermedad minoritaria, terapias nuevas. Una patología que afecta a menos de cinco personas por cada 10.000 habitantes es considerada una enfermedad rara o minoritaria. 35 millones de europeos se ven afectados por alguna de ellas. El 80% son de origen genético y conseguir un diagnóstico rápido es vital para asegurar la calidad de vida futura. La clave, una vez más, es apostar y potenciar la investigación biomédica. Se revisarán los resultados obtenidos los últimos 14 años, en el marco científico y regulador impulsado por la UE desde el año 2000. Sin embargo, se analizarán las dificultades y oportunidades para impulsar la investigación traslacional en estas enfermedades.
Sigue la presentación en Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4U4a8xFCzA&
Seminario por el Sr. Juan Carrión: Presidente de la Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras (FEDER).
Desde FEDER se trabaja diariamente para promover y defender los derechos de 3 millones de personas con enfermedades raras. De esta forma, durante la ponencia trasladaremos las principales necesidades de las familias para lograr una adecuada atención social y sanitaria, así como cuáles son las líneas prioritarias que impulsamos desde FEDER en la búsqueda de soluciones ante los problemas que nos afectan.
Ver el vídeo del seminario aquí: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h091vwp40d0&feature=youtu.be
Watch the video of the presentation on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRegqg5yvRs
El Dr Welte té nombroses publicacions en àrees diverses relacionades amb el malalt crític. Particularment interessants són els seus estudis en relació al trasplantament pulmonar, així com els seus estudis sobre pneumònia i sèpsia. Així mateix, participa activament en la xarxa alemanya Capnetz, emprada per a l'elaboració d'estudis multicèntrics relacionats amb la pneumònia adquirida a la comunitat.
Rare diseases Conferences at Fundación ARECES-VHIR
Research in rare diseases is a very active and promising field. Nevertheless,even if it is not always obvious, requirements of the pharmaceutical regulations may be seen as a source of hurdles for a successful progress in medical science. The presentation will discuss how the regulatory framework can promote research and steer its translation into safe and efficacious products for rare diseases.
Watch the video of the seminar on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIYCC8cljt8
I will discuss the formation and subsequent growth of IRDiRC into an organization with nearly 40 public and private funder members who have collectively pledged over 1 billion euros for rare disease research. I will also present the goals of IRDiRC, the plan that has been developed to achieve them, and the progress that has been made thus far. Finally, I will explore how additional organizations can take part in this international collaborative effort
Over the last decades, more than 35 different definitions have been used to describe acute kidney injury (AKI). Multiple definitions for AKI have obviously led to a great disparity in the reported incidence and mortality of AKI making it difficult or even impossible to compare the various published studies focusing on AKI. Therefore, it became crucial to establish a consensual and accurate definition of AKI that could desirably be used worldwide. Recent consensus criteria for AKI definition and classification [the Risk Injury Failure Loss of kidney function End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) and the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classifications] have led to more consistent estimates of its epidemiology. This review will present and critically discuss current literature about AKI diagnosis and epidemiology.
Metagenomic projects provide a unique window into the genetic composition of microbial communities. To date, metagenomic analyses have focused primarily on studying the composition of microbial populations and inferring shared metabolic pathways. In this work we analyze how high-quality metagenomic data can be leveraged to infer the composition of transcriptional regulatory networks through a combination of in silico and in vitro methods. Using the SOS response as a case example, we analyze human gut microbiome data to determine the composition of the SOS meta-regulon in a natural context. Our analysis provides proof of concept that the existing knowledgebase on regulatory networks and reference genomes can be effectively leveraged to mine meta-genomic data and reconstruct multi-species regulatory networks. This approach allows us to identify de novo the core elements of the human gut SOS meta-regulon, highlighting the relevance of error-prone polymerases in this stress response, and identifies putative novel SOS protein clusters involved in cell wall biogenesis, chromosome partitioning and restriction modification. The methodology implemented in this work can be applied to other metagenomic datasets and transcriptional systems, potentially providing the means to compare regulatory networks across metagenomes. The use of metagenomic data to analyze transcriptional regulatory networks provides a realistic snapshot of these systems in their natural context and allows probing at their extended composition in non-culturable organisms, yielding insights into their interconnection and into the overall structure of transcriptional systems in microbiomes.
More from Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR) (20)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Prof. Adolfo García Sastre: Influenza epidemics and pandemics
1. Adolfo García-Sastre
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
CRIP, Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis
INFLUENZA
EPIDEMICS
PANDEMICS
8. Alicia Solórzano
Adolfo García-Sastre
Patty Aguilar
Chris Basler
Peter Palese
Mount Sinai
Terry Tumpey
Hui Zeng
Nancy Cox
Jacky Katz
CDC
David Swayne
USDA
Jeff Taubenberger
AFIP
17. 1918 VIRUS
What do we know now?
1. The 1918 virus is the only known human influenza virus
lethal to mice, ferrets, macaques and embryonated eggs
2. The glycoprotein (HA and NA) and non-structural (NS1
and PB1-F2 genes) of the virus contribute to enhanced
virulence
3. Viruses containing 1918 genes are sensitive to existing
antivirals
4. H1N1 based vaccines are protective
Would a 1918-like HIN1 virus be today as lethal as in
1918?
19. Rafa Medina
Balaji Manicassamy
Estanis Nistal-Villán
Adolfo García-Sastre
Tshide Tsibane
Chris Basler
Silke Stertz
Peter Palese
Mount Sinai
Petra Zimmermann
Osvaldo Zagordi
Silke Stertz
University of Zurich
Hanni Uusi-Kerttula
Rafa Medina
Universidad Católica de Chile
Xiangjie Sun
Terry Tumpey
CDC
Sharon Frey
Bob Belshe
SLU
20. ‘40 ‘50 ‘60 ‘70 ‘80 ‘00‘901918
H1N1
H2N2
H1N1
H3N2
A
B
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN INFLUENZA
VIRUSES
‘10
1957
1968
1977
pH1N1
2009
23. 1918 “Spanish” flu
Pigs Humans
Classical swine flu Modern human H1N1
Sa
Ca2
Ca1
Cb
Receptor
binding site
Sb
Fusion peptide
Antigenic
sites
24. Pandemic H1N1 infections in humans
• Infections are primarily seen in children and young adults
• Serology studies show the presence of neutralizing
antibodies against 2009 H1N1 virus in people older than
65 yrs
Due to prior exposure to an H1 virus similar to 2009 H1N1?
25. Do antibodies to any specific H1N1 virus protect against SOIV
2009 H1N1?
Virus Type Year (lineage)
A/California/04/09 (6:2) H1N1 2009
1918-like or classical H1N1
1918 VLP H1N1 1918
A/swine/Iowa/30 H1N1 1930 (Classical)
A/Weiss/43 H1N1 1943 (1918-like)
A/New Jersey/8/76 H1N1 1976 (Classical?)
Human H1N1(1977-2007)
A/USSR/92/77 H1N1 1977
A/Houston/20593/84 H1N1 1984
A/Texas/36/91 H1N1 1991
A/Brisbane/59/07 H1N1 2007
Control (H3N2)
A/NT/60/68 H3N2 1968
A/Brisbane/10/07 H3N2 2007
26. Vaccination and challenge experiment
Vaccination
15mg
-28
Boost
15mg
Challenge (50 LD50)
-14
Body weight
& Survival
0Day
- 5 week old female C57B/6 mice
- Mice were vaccinated with 11 different inactivated viruses
- Challenged with Neth/09 strain
14
27. Inactivated vaccines based in classical swine viruses (1930-2009)
and in human H1N1 viruses (1918-1943) protect against lethal
infection with the new H1N1
30. Conclusions
-People carrying antibodies against H1N1 viruses
that circulated 1918-1950 and A/NJ/76 (vaccination)
are likely to be protected
- Pigs act as reservoirs for strains that become
antigenically “frozen” H3 and H1 viruses have also
established lineages in pigs in 1997-1998 and 2003-
2005. Swine H3N2v jumps frequently to humans.
33. Passive administration of sera from new H1N1 vaccinated humans
In collaboration with Bob Belshe
Vaccination (or exposure) to new H1N1 virus generates protective
immunity against 1918 virus
49. UNIVERSAL FLU VACCINES?
Repeated vaccination with influenza
virus chimeric HA vaccines induce
protective antibodies against
multiple subtypes of influenza virus.
Irina Margine Randy Albrecht
Florian Krammer
Rong Hai Patrick Wilson
Gene Tan S.A. Andrews
Peter Palese Jon Runstadler
50. cH4/3 DNA cH5/3 protein
boost
H3 protein
boost
Shanghai
(H7N9)
challenge
Control groups:
cH4/3 DNA + BSA + BSA
naïve (neg. contr.)
matched vaccine (pos. contr.)
4 weeks3 weeks3 weeks
Induction of protective levels of stalk-reactive
antibodies using chimeric HA constructs in
mice
51. cH4/3 DNA cH5/3 protein
boost
H3 protein
boost
Shanghai
(H7N9)
challenge
Control groups:
cH4/3 DNA + BSA + BSA
naïve (neg. contr.)
matched vaccine (pos. contr.)
4 weeks3 weeks3 weeks
Induction of protective levels of stalk-reactive
antibodies using chimeric HA constructs in mice
52. cH4/3 DNA cH5/3 protein
boost
H3 protein
boost
Shanghai
(H7N9)
challenge
Control groups:
cH4/3 DNA + BSA + BSA
naïve (neg. contr.)
matched vaccine (pos. contr.)
4 weeks3 weeks3 weeks
Induction of protective levels of stalk-reactive
antibodies using chimeric HA constructs in mice
Y
53. cH4/3 DNA cH5/3 protein
boost
H3 protein
boost
Shanghai
(H7N9)
challenge
Control groups:
cH4/3 DNA + BSA + BSA
naïve (neg. contr.)
matched vaccine (pos. contr.)
4 weeks3 weeks3 weeks
Induction of protective levels of stalk-reactive
antibodies using chimeric HA constructs in mice
Y
55. cHA vaccine protects against
challenge with H10 and H3 viruses
cH4/3 DNA + cH5/3 protein + H3 protein cH4/3 DNA + cH5/3 protein + cH7/3 protein
Titers in mouse lungs, day 3 postinfection
58. cH9/1 DNA cH6/1 protein cH5/1 protein
Control groups:
cH9/1 DNA + BSA + BSA
matched vaccine (pos. contr.)
Y
Induction of protective levels of stalk-reactive
antibodies using chimeric HA constructs in
mice
PR8 H1N1
FM1 H1N1
pH1N1
H5N1
H6N1
challenge
59. Vaccination with cHA constructs
protects from pH1N1
(A/Netherlands/602/09) challenge
positive control (matched inactivated)
cH9/1 DNA + cH6/1 protein + cH5/1 protein
cH9/1 DNA + BSA +BSA
Similar results for A/PR/8/34 H1N1 and A/FM/1/47
challenges
60. positive control (matched inactivated)
cH9/1 DNA + H1 protein/cH6/1 protein + cH5/1 protein/H1
protein
cH9/1 DNA + BSA +BSA
cHA constructs protect mice from
heterosubtypic challenge
H5N1 challenge H6N1 challenge
cH5/1 (H5 challenge) or cH6/1 (H6 challenge) protein was replaced by full
length H1 protein to exclude head-based protection
61. ELISA reactivity to Cal09
(pH1N1) protein
Protection is antibody mediated
cH9/1 + cH6/1 + cH5/1
cH9/1 + BSA +BSA
naïve serum
Naïve
Positive control
vector +BSA+BSA
cH9/1 + cH6/1 + cH5/1
Passive transfer of serum
protects from viral challenge
Days post challenge