There are two main types of storage devices: primary and secondary. Primary storage devices, like RAM and cache, are internal and hold data temporarily at high speeds. Secondary storage devices, like hard disk drives, USB drives, CDs, and memory cards, can be internal or external and store data permanently in large capacities. Common examples of primary storage devices are RAM, which temporarily stores frequently used data for high access speeds, and cache memory. Common examples of secondary storage devices are hard disk drives, which store data on spinning magnetic disks; USB drives, also known as flash drives or pen drives, which are portable solid-state memory storage; optical discs like CDs and DVDs, which use lasers to read and write data
Describe the use of information storage devices such as audio cassettes, video cassettes, hard discs ,floppy ,compact discs, and flash drive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yM3NkindmMs&t=5s
These Notes from the class of BS EDUCATION 1st Semester (Spring) Session 2023-2027 Teacher :Ch Naveed Afzal
semester started in march 2023 and end in july 2023
here is the all information about linear actuators.
their types
Single Acting Single Piston Rod Cylinder (SA Cylinder).
Single Acting RAM.
Double Acting Single Piston Rod Cylinder (DA Cylinder).
Double Acting Double Piston Rod Cylinder.
Tandem Cylinder.
Telescopic Cylinder.
& there is also Chart of cylinder mountings.
This is the case study on Nokia
rise of nokia
fall of Nokia
Comeback of Nokia
here I added all details related to Nokia. Their History, start etc.
& I also added the phones launched by Nokia in during period.
as well as I added popular phones launched by nokia.
this is the report on Hydrogen Fuel cell. which is the future of vehicles & probably future of electric vehicles.
Hydrogen Fuel cell is the one part or type of fuel cell.
here is the working, advantages, disadvantages of fuel cell vehicles.
as well as there are list of popular fuel cell vehicles recently launched.
23-03-2020
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
2. DEFINITION - WHAT DOES ‘STORAGE
DEVICE’ MEAN?
A storage device is any computing hardware that is used for storing,
porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store
information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or
external to a computer, server or any similar computing device.
A storage device may also be known as a storage medium or storage
media.
3. EXPLANATION ‘STORAGE DEVICE’.
Storage devices are one of the core components of any computing
device. They store virtually all the data and applications on a
computer, except hardware firmware. They are available in different
form factors depending on the type of underlying device. For example,
a standard computer has multiple storage devices including RAM,
cache, a hard disk, an optical disk drive and externally connected
USB drives.
4. These usually have large
storage capacity, and they
store data permanently. They
can be both internal and
external to the computer, and
they include the hard disk,
compact disk drive and USB
storage device.
Generally smaller in size, are
designed to hold data
temporarily and are internal to
the computer. They have the
fastest data access speed,
and include RAM and cache
memory.
THERE ARE TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF
STORAGE DEVICES:
Primary storage devices Secondary storage devices
8. Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage which stores
frequently used program instructions to increase the general speed of a system. A
random-access memory device allows data items to be read or written in almost the
same amount of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory. In
contrast, with other direct-access data storage media such as hard disks, cd-rws, dvd-
rws and the older drum memory, the time required to read and write data items varies
significantly depending on their physical locations on the recording medium, due to
mechanical limitations such as media rotation speeds and arm movement.
RAM contains multiplexing and demultiplexing circuitry, to connect the data lines to the
addressed storage for reading or writing the entry. Usually more than one bit of
storage is accessed by the same address, and RAM devices often have multiple data
lines and are said to be '8-bit' or '16-bit' etc. Devices.
In today's technology, random-access memory takes the form of integrated circuits.
RAM is normally associated with volatile types of memory (such as DRAM memory
modules), where stored information is lost if power is removed, although non-volatile
RAM has also been developed.[1] other types of non-volatile memories exist that allow
random access for read operations, but either do not allow write operations or have
other kinds of limitations on them. These include most types of ROM and a type of
flash memory called nor-flash.
Integrated-circuit RAM chips came into the market in the early 1970s, with the first
commercially available DRAM chip, the intel 1103, introduced in october 1970.[2]
12. A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk[b] is a data storage device that uses magnetic
storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated
with magnetic material. The platters are paired with magnetic heads, usually arranged on a moving actuator
arm, which read and write data to the platter surfaces.[2] data is accessed in a random-access manner, meaning
that individual blocks of data can be stored or retrieved in any order and not only sequentially. HDDs are a type
of non-volatile storage, retaining stored data even when powered off.[3][4][5]
introduced by IBM in 1956,[6HDDs became the dominant secondary storage device for general-purpose
computers by the early 1960s. Continuously improved, hdds have maintained this position into the modern era
of servers and personal computers. More than 200 companies have produced HDDs historically, though after
extensive industry consolidation most current units are manufactured by seagate, toshiba, and western digital.
As of 2016[update], HDD production (in bytes per year) is growing, although unit shipments and sales revenues
are declining. The primary competing technology for secondary storage is flash memory in the form of solid-
state drives (SSDs), which have higher data-transfer rates, higher areal storage density, better reliability,[7] and
much lower latency and access times.[8][9][10][11] while SDDs have higher cost per bit, SSDs are replacing HDDs
where speed, power consumption, small size, and durability are important.[10][11]
the primary characteristics of an HDD are its capacity and performance. Capacity is specified in unit prefixes
corresponding to powers of 1000: a 1-terabyte (TB) drive has a capacity of 1,000 gigabytes (GB; where 1
gigabyte = 1 billion bytes). Typically, some of an HDD's capacity is unavailable to the user because it is used by
the file system and the computer operating system, and possibly inbuilt redundancy for error correction and
recovery. Performance is specified by the time required to move the heads to a track or cylinder (average
access time) plus the time it takes for the desired sector to move under the head (average latency, which is a
function of the physical rotational speed in revolutions per minute), and finally the speed at which the data is
transmitted (data rate).
The two most common form factors for modern HDDs are 3.5-inch, for desktop computers, and 2.5-inch,
primarily for laptops. HDDs are connected to systems by standard interface cables such as PATA (parallel ATA),
SATA (serial ATA), USB or SAS (serial attached SCSI) cables.
14. PEN DRIVE
Introduction
pen drive also referred as USB flash drive is a portable device which allows user to transfer data
(text, images, videos etc.) To and from computer quickly. Users can easily read and write the data
on the pen drive by plugging it into the USB port on the computer. Pen drives are quite compact
and can fit easily into the pocket; they run without battery and draw power from the USB
connection itself. Both floppy disks and CDs are now being gradually replaced by pen drive as a
preferred means of data storage. Its because latter offers mass data transfer and storage capability
and at a much faster rate.
Storage capacity of the pen drive can vary from few megabytes to over 100 GB. Nowadays even
external hard drives are available in the market with huge storage capacity, which like pen drive
can be connected to a USB port on the computer.
Architecture
pen drive consist of an electronic circuit board and a USB connector connects the drive to the
computer. Pen drive also known as a flash memory is an example of NAND style storage device. It
is a memory chip which holds the data. Data output is controlled by crystal oscillator which
produces 12 MHz clock signal in the device.
Most pen drives are covered with plastic, metal or rubber casing for insulation.
Advantages
pen drives are robust and scratch free thus ensuring maximum security for your data as compared
to other traditional means of data storage. Many available PC software suites permit the launch of
an operating system from the bootable pen drive. Moreover companies selling pen drives
nowadays also couple it with other devices like MP3 music player, lad's or Swiss knife etc.
16. Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format released in 1982 and co-
developed by philips and sony. The format was originally developed to store and play
only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several
other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data
storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD-RW), video compact disc (VCD), super video
compact disc (SVCD), photo CD, picture CD, cd-i, and enhanced music CD. The first
commercially available audio CD player, the sony CDP-101, was released october 1982 in
japan.
Standard cds have a diameter of 120 millimetres (4.7 in) and can hold up to about 80
minutes of uncompressed audio or about 700 MB of data. The mini CD has various
diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres (2.4 to 3.1 in); they are sometimes used for
CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio, or delivering device drivers.
At the time of the technology's introduction in 1982, a CD could store much more data
than a personal computer hard drive, which would typically hold 10 MB. By 2010, hard
drives commonly offered as much storage space as a thousand cds, while their prices
had plummeted to commodity level. In 2004, worldwide sales of audio cds, cd-roms and
cd-rs reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion cds had been sold worldwide.[1]
from the early 2010s cds were increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital
storage and distribution, with the result that audio CD sales rates in the U.S. Have
dropped about 50% from their peak; however, they remain one of the primary
distribution methods for the music industry.[2] in 2014, revenues from digital music
services matched those from physical format sales for the first time.
18. A memory card or flash memory card is a solid-state electronic flash memory data storage devices used
with digital cameras, handheld and laptop computers, telephones, music players, video game consoles,
and other electronics. They offer high re-record ability, power-free storage, small form factor, and
rugged environmental specifications. There are also non-solid state memory cards that do not use flash
memory, and there are different types of flash memory.
Flash cards have been suggested as a possible replacement for the floppy disk, although USB flash
memory drives, which work on almost any computer with a USB port, have been filling this role instead.
There are many different types of memory cards and jobs they are used for. Some common places
include in digital cameras, in game consoles, in cell phones, and in industrial applications. Pc card
(pcmcia) were among first commercial memory card formats (type I cards) to come out in the 1990s, but
are now only mainly used in industrial applications and for i/o jobs (using types i/ii/iii), as a connection
standard for devices (such as a modem). Also in 1990s, a number of memory card formats smaller than
pc card came out, including CompactFlash, smart media, and miniature card. In other areas, tiny
embedded memory cards (Sid) were used in cell phones, game consoles started using proprietary
memory card formats, and things like pad's and digital music players started using removable memory
cards.
From the late 1990s into the early 2000s a host of new formats appeared, including SD/mmc, memory
stick, XD-picture card, and host of variants and smaller cards. The desire for ultra-small cards for cell-
phones, pdas, and compact digital cameras drove a trend toward smaller cards that left the previous
generation of "compact" cards looking big. In digital cameras smart media and CompactFlash had been
very successful, in 2001 SM alone captured 50% of the digital camera market and cf had a strangle hold
on professional digital cameras. By 2005 however, sd/mmc had nearly taken over smart media's spot,
though not to the same level and with stiff competition coming from memory stick variants, xd, as well
as compactflash. In industrial fields, even the venerable pc card (pcmcia) memory cards still manage to
maintain a niche, while in cell-phones and pdas, the memory card market is highly fragmented.
Nowadays, many new pcs and pdas have built-in slots for a variety of memory cards; compactflash, sd,
etc.