This document discusses the status and priorities of soil resources in East and Central Africa. It begins with an introduction that outlines the problems of land degradation and soil fertility loss in the region. It then provides details on key drivers of low agricultural productivity such as soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and deforestation. The document presents data on low fertilizer usage in African countries and negative nutrient balances. It identifies opportunities to improve soil data and disseminate integrated soil fertility management. Finally, it shares the results of a priority ranking exercise for natural resource management themes and strategic interventions, with managing productive soil potential and integrated soil fertility technologies ranked highly.