This document appears to be a statistical research paper analyzing survey results from JRU students regarding their preferences for president in the 2010 Philippine election. It includes the following key points: 1. The paper aims to determine JRU students' preferences for president as well as differences between male and female students. 2. 250 JRU students were surveyed, with 115 male students and 135 female students. 3. The most common age for both male and female students was 20 years old. 4. The paper includes statistical analysis to test differences in preferences and perceptions between male and female students.

1. A STATISTICAL RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted to
Mr. Marcelo C. Mendoza
In partial Fulfillment to the requirements
In Math 22
Submitted by
Jeramiah E. Faciol
BSBA-Bangking & Finance
103I / 9:00-10:30am / M/W

2. The Race for 2013 Senatorial Election
Rationale: As I approach the May 2010 election. Our group conducted a quick survey to test the Filipinos’
maturity and integrity in choosing their candidates in our democratic institution. Thus, this project will try to
determine the bet of some of our fellow countrymen for the presidential race in the May 2010 election.
Statement of the Problem: The aim of this first term statistical research project is to find out who is JRU
students’ choice for president in 2010. Specifically, it will try to find the following:
1] The profile of the respondents according to
a] gender
b] age
2] JRU students’ choice for president
3] Male JRU students’ choice for president
4] Female JRU students’ choice for president
5] JRU students’ perception of their candidates’ chance of winning the presidency in the 2010 election
6] Male JRU students’ perception of their candidate’s chance of winning the presidency in the 2010 election
7] Female JRU students’ perception of their candidate’s chance of winning the presidency in the 2010 election
8] JRU students’ degree of optimism that their choice for president can make a difference in the lives of Filipino
people
9] Male JRU students’ degree of optimism that their choice for president can make a difference in the lives of
Filipino people
10] Female JRU students’ degree of optimism that their choice for president can make a difference in the lives
of Filipino people
11] If there is a significant difference on the degree of optimism between male & female JRU students that their
choice for president can make a difference on the lives of Filipino people
12] If there is a significant difference on the proportion of votes garnered by ESCUDERO & VILLAR as the
JRU students’ choice for president

3. Hypotheses Tested:
The following hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance:
1] Hypothesis on mean: Our group wants to know if there is a significant difference on the average degree of
optimism between male and female respondents that their choice for president can make a difference on the
lives of Filipino people.
Ho: µEscudero = µVillar; There is no significant difference on the average degree of optimism between JRU
male and female students that their choice for president can make a difference on the lives of Filipino people.
Ha: µEscudero ≠ µVillar; There is a significant difference on the average degree of optimism between JRU
male and female students that their choice for president can make a difference on the lives of Filipino people.
2] Hypothesis on proportion: Our group wants to know if there is a significant difference on the average degree
of optimism between male and female respondents that their choice for president can make a difference on the
lives of Filipino people.
Ho: PEscudero = PVillar; The proportion of votes garnered by Escudero and Villar are equal.
Ha: PEscudero ≠ PVillar; The proportion of votes garnered by Escudero is significantly higher than the
proportion of votes garnered by Villar.
Population and Sample: The population in this research is JRU students who are enrolled this first semester SY
2008-09. Our group has estimated JRU for having 22,000 students enrolled this first semester of SY 2009-10.
Using Slovin’s formula and a 5% margin of error, the required number of samples is 393. (Please see
computation below.) But our professor only required us to gather 200 samples, but our group managed to gather
up to 250 samples. Our group decided to use random sampling. Thus our samples are 115 randomly selected
male and 135 randomly selected female UE students.
Computation for n at e = 5%
=
+
= 2
)05(.000,221
000,22
n
n = 392.86 or 393
Sampling and Data Gathering Techniques: Our group used simple random sampling in choosing the 250 sample
respondents in this research. We also utilized the indirect or questionnaire method. The group distributed 250
questionnaires from June 25 to July 2 to UE students around the campus. Our group had contacts inside the UE
campus, thus making things easier to get in touch with UE students. Having only 3 members in the group the
group divided the questionnaires into 3, with 2 members having 75 questionnaires each and 1 member having
100 questionnaires. From June 25 to July 2 our group would drop by UE to randomly give out survey
questionnaires to UE students, and with the help of our contacts in UE, our group was able to have access inside
the UE campus, thus giving the group more respondents for the survey.
Research Design: Our research is descriptive comparative since we will be comparing the responses of male and
female UE students.
Questionnaire: The questionnaire is composed of three items. The 1st
item asks the respondents about their
choice for president in 2010. The 2nd
item asks about their choice’s chances of winning the presidency. The last
item is a likert scale composed of five statements which try to assess the respondent’s degree of optimism that
their choice for president can make a difference on the lives of Filipino people.

4. Processing of data: Below is a table which summarizes the research procedure.
Statements & hypotheses Data gathered Statistical Tools
1] the profile of respondents
according to gender and age
Number of male & female
respondents, Ages of respondents
Rank and percentage analysis
Analysis of Measures of central
tendency and variability, skewness &
kurtosis
2] UE students’ choice for
president
Number of votes for each candidate Rank and Percentage analysis
3] male UE students’ choice for
president
Number of votes for each candidate
from male respondents
Rank and Percentage analysis
4] female UE students’ choice
for president
Number of votes for each candidate
from female respondents
Rank and Percentage analysis
5] UE students’ perception of
their candidates’ chance of
winning the presidency in the
2010 election
Mean and standard deviation Rank and Percentage analysis
6] Male UE students perception
of their candidates’ chance of
winning the presidency in the
2010 election
Mean and standard deviation Rank and Percentage analysis
7] Female UE students
perception of their candidates’
chance of winning the
presidency in the 2010 election
Mean and standard deviation Rank and Percentage analysis
8] UE students’ degree of
optimism that their choice for
president can make a difference
in the lives of Filipino people
Mean and standard deviation Mean & standard deviation analysis
9] Male UE students’ degree of
optimism that their choice for
president can make a difference
in the lives of Filipino people
Mean and standard deviation Mean & standard deviation analysis
10] Female UE students’ degree
of optimism that their choice for
president can make a difference
in the lives of Filipino people
Mean and standard deviation Mean & standard deviation analysis
11] if there is a significant
difference on the degree of
optimism between male &
female UE students that their
choice for president can make a
difference on the lives of
Filipino people
Mean and standard deviation of the
responses of male and female
respondents
t-test for testing the significance of
difference between means
12] if there is a significant
difference on the proportion of
votes garnered by ESCUDERO
& VILLAR as UE students’
choice for president.
Number of votes garnered by
Escudero & Villar.
Z-test for testing the significance of
difference between proportions

5. Presentation, Analysis, Findings and Conclusions: The following presentations are the results of our careful
analysis on the responses of the 250 UE students who participated in our research.
Statement 1: Profile of respondents:
Findings: 54% of respondents are female while 46% are male.
Conclusion: Majority of the respondents are female.
Table 1: Profile of Male respondents according to Age
Findings: 26.0870% of Male respondents are 20 years of age.
Conclusions: The modal age of the male respondents is 20.
Age Frequenc
y
Percentage Frequency
16 1 0.8696
17 7 6.0870
18 15 13.0435
19 16 13.9130
20 30 26.0870
21 13 11.3044
22 7 6.0870
23 12 10.4348
24 6 5.2174
25 2 1.7391
26 1 0.8696
28 1 0.8696
31 2 1.7391
33 1 0.8696
35 1 0.8696
Total N = 115
Figure1: Profile of respondents according to
gender

6. Table 2: Profile of Female respondents according to Age
Age Frequency Percentage Frequency
16 5 3.7037
17 7 5.1852
18 13 9.6296
19 21 15.5556
20 45 33.3333
21 20 14.8148
22 4 2.9630
23 10 7.4074
24 3 2.2222
25 3 2.2222
27 2 1.4815
28 2 1.4815
Total N=135
Findings: 33.3333% of Female respondents are 20 years of Age.
Conclusion: The modal age of the male respondents is 20.
Table 3: Profile of Total respondents according to Age
Age Frequency Percentage Frequency
16 6 2.4
17 14 5.6
18 28 11.2
19 37 14.8
20 75 30
21 33 13.2
22 11 4.4
23 22 8.8
24 9 3.6
25 5 2
26 1 0.4
27 2 0.8
28 3 1.2
31 2 0.8
33 1 0.4
35 1 0.4
Total N=250
Findings: 30% of the total respondents are 20 years of Age.
Conclusion: The modal age of the total respondents are 20 years of Age.

7. Below is the printout of the descriptive statistics of the ages of male and female respondents.
Male Female
Mean 20.7826087 Mean 20.2
Standard Error 0.29170652 Standard Error
0.19467766
2
Median 20 Median 20
Mode 20 Mode 20
Standard
Deviation
3.12820392
6
Standard
Deviation
2.26195002
4
Sample Variance
9.78565980
2 Sample Variance 5.11641791
Kurtosis
5.89889390
3 Kurtosis
2.05959491
6
Skewness
2.01973576
6 Skewness
1.01619418
7
Range 19 Range 12
Minimum 16 Minimum 16
Maximum 35 Maximum 28
Sum 2390 Sum 2727
Count 115 Count 135

8. Findings: A: Measures of Central Tendency
1] The mean age of male is 21 while that of the female is 20.
2] The median age of male is 20 while that of the female is
also 20.
3] The modal age of male is 20 while that of the female is
also 20.
Conclusions:
The mean age of male is higher by 1 which is
21. This makes the male group older than the
female. The median and modal age of both
male and female are just the same.
Findings: B: Measures of Variability
1] The range of the male age is 19 while that of the female is
12.
2] The standard deviation of the male age is 3.13 while that
of the female is 2.26.
3] The variance of the male age is 9.79 while that of the
female is 5.12.
Conclusions:
The standard deviation and variance of the age
of male is higher than that of the female age.
This means that the age of male are more
dispersed than the age of female.
Findings: C: Skewness & Kurtosis
1] The coefficient of skewness of male age is 2.019735766
while that of the female is 1.016194187
2] The coefficient of kurtosis of the male age is 5.898893903
while that of the female is 2.059594916.
3] Below are the sketches of the graphs of the ages of male
and female respondents:
Male:
Female:
Conclusions:
The Coefficient of skewness of both male and
female are skewed to the right. The Coefficient
of Kurtosis on both male and female are taller
than normal.
Findings: D: Other Statistics
1] The minimum age of male is 16 while that of the female is
also 16.
2] The maximum age of male is 35 while that of the female
Conclusions:
Both male and female have the minimum ago
of 16 bat the maximum age, male is higher
which is 35 and only 28 for the female.

9. is 28.
Table4: Profile of respondents according to gender
Statement 2: UE students’ [male & female] choice for president
36%
11%10%
10%
10%
6%
5%
5% 5% 2%0%
Escudero
Villar
Binay
De Castro
Roxas
Legarda
Fernando
Estrada
Gordon
Lacson
Panlilio
Figure2: UE students’ choice for President.
The tables which follow below show the votes of each candidate arranged according to ranks.
Table 4: Ranks of candidates (male & female votes)
Candidate No. of Votes Percentage Frequency Rank
Escudero, Chiz 90 36 1
Villar, Manny 28 11.2 2
Binay, Jejomar 25 10 4
De Castro, Noli 25 10 4
Roxas, Mar 25 10 4
Legarda, Loren 14 5.6 6
Fernando, Bayani 13 5.2 7
Estrada, Erap 12 4.8 8.5
Gordon, Dick 12 4.8 8.5
Lacson, Ping 5 2 10
Panlilio, Ed 1 0.4 11
Total: 250
Findings: This shows that Escudero is UE students’ choice for president in the May 2010 election.
Conclusion: If this trend will continue, then Escudero will win the 2010 election among UE students.

10. Statement 3: Male UE students’ choice for president
32%
13%
10%
10%
9%
8%
7%
5% 3% 2%1%
Escudero
Villar
De Castro
Roxas
Estrada
Fernando
Binay
Legarda
Gordon
Lacson
Panlilio
Figure 3: Male UE students’ choice for President.
Table 4: Ranks of candidates (male votes)
Candidate No. of Votes Percentage Frequency Rank
Escudero, Chiz 37 32.17391 1
Villar, Manny 15 13.04348 2
De Castro, Noli 12 10.43478 3
Roxas, Mar 11 9.565217 4
Estrada, Erap 10 8.695652 5
Fernando, Bayani 9 7.826087 6
Binay, Jejomar 8 6.956522 7
Legarda, Loren 6 5.217391 8
Gordon, Dick 4 3.478261 9
Lacson, Ping 2 1.73913 10
Panlilio, Ed 1 0.869565 11
Total: 115
Findings: Escudero garnered the most number of votes from the UE male students’.
Conclusion: This shows that Escudero is male UE students’ choice for the May 2010 election.

11. Statement4: Female UE students’ choice for president.
39%
13%10%
10%
10%
6%
6% 3% 2% 1%0%
Escudero
Binay
Roxas
De Castro
Villar
Gordon
Legarda
Fernando
Lacson
Estrada
Panlilio
Figure 4: Female UE students’ choice for President.
Table 5: Ranks of candidates (female votes)
Candidate No. of Votes Percentage Frequency Rank
Escudero, Chiz 53 39.25926 1
Binay, Jejomar 17 12.59259 2
Roxas, Mar 14 10.37037 3
De Castro, Noli 13 9.62963 4.5
Villar, Manny 13 9.62963 4.5
Gordon, Dick 8 5.925926 6.5
Legarda, Loren 8 5.925926 6.5
Fernando, Bayani 4 2.962963 8
Lacson, Ping 3 2.222222 9
Estrada, Erap 2 1.481481 10
Panlilio, Ed 0 0 11
Total: 135
Findings: Escudero garnered the most number of votes from the UE female students’.
Conclusion: This shows that Escudero is female UE students’ choice for the May 2010 election.

12. Statement 5: UE students’ perception of their candidates’ chance of winning the presidency in the 2010
election.
Below is the mean interpretation used:
1.0 - 1.7 No Chance of Winning
1.8 - 2.5 Slim Chance of Winning
2.6 - 3.3 50/50 Chance of Winning
3.4 - 4.1 Good Chance of Winning
4.2 - 5.0 Sure Winner
Table6: Percentage chance of winning the election [Male & Female]
Candidate Sure
Winner
(4)
Good
Chance
(3)
50/50
Chance
(2)
Slim
Chance
(1)
No
Chance
(0)
Mean Mean Interpretation
Escudero, Chiz 4 68 15 3 0 2.81 50/50 Chance of Winning
Villar, Manny 2 21 3 1 1 2.79 50/50 Chance of Winning
Binay, Jejomar 1 12 11 1 0 2.52 Slim Chance of Winning
De Castro, Noli 7 12 6 0 0 3.04 50/50 Chance of Winning
Roxas, Mar 2 18 4 1 0 2.84 50/50 Chance of Winning
Legarda, Loren 1 10 3 0 0 2.86 50/50 Chance of Winning
Fernando, Bayani 0 1 8 4 0 1.77 Slim Chance of Winning
Estrada, Erap 3 9 0 0 0 3.25 50/50 Chance of Winning
Gordon, Dick 1 7 3 1 0 2.67 50/50 Chance of Winning
Lacson, Ping 0 2 2 1 0 2.2 Slim Chance of Winning
Panlilio, Ed 0 0 1 0 0 2 Slim Chance of Winning
Findings: Escudero,Villar, De Castro, Roxas, Legarda, Estrada and Gordon all got a mean score between 2.6 -
3.3 and is equivalent to the mean interpretation 50/50 chance of winning. While Binay, Fernando, Lacson and
Panlilio all got a mean score between 1.8 - 2.5 and is equivalent to the mean interpretation slim chance of
winning.
Conclusion: UE students perceived that Escudero,Villar, De Castro, Roxas, Legarda, Estrada and Gordon has a
50/50 chance of winning the 2010 election. While Binay, Fernando, Lacson and Panlilio has a slim chance of
winning the 2010 election.

13. Statement 6: Male UE students’ perception of their candidates’ chance of winning the presidency in the 2010
election
Table 7: Male UE students’ perception of their candidates’ chance of winning the presidency in the 2010
election.
Candidate Sure
Winner
(4)
Good
Chance
(3)
50/50
Chance
(2)
Slim
Chance
(1)
No
Chance
(0)
Mean Mean Interpretation
Escudero, Chiz 0 27 8 2 0 2.68 50/50 Chance of Winning
Villar, Manny 0 11 3 0 1 2.6 50/50 Chance of Winning
De Castro, Noli 2 6 4 0 0 2.83 50/50 Chance of Winning
Roxas, Mar 0 9 2 0 0 2.82 50/50 Chance of Winning
Estrada, Erap 3 7 0 0 0 3.3 50/50 Chance of Winning
Fernando, Bayani 0 1 4 4 0 1.67 No Chance of Winning
Binay, Jejomar 0 4 3 1 0 2.38 Slim Chance of Winning
Legarda, Loren 0 5 1 0 0 2.83 50/50 Chance of Winning
Gordon, Dick 0 1 2 1 0 2 Slim Chance of Winning
Lacson, Ping 0 1 1 0 0 2.5 Slim Chance of Winning
Panlilio, Ed 0 0 1 0 0 2 Slim Chance of Winning
Findings: Escudero, Villar, De Castro, Roxas, Estrada and Legarda all got a mean score between 2.6 - 3.3 and
is equivalent to the mean interpretation 50/50 chance of winning. Binay, Gordon, Lacson and Panlilio all got a
mean score between 1.8 - 2.5 and is equivalent to the mean interpretation slim chance of winning. Fernando got
a mean score of 1.67 and is equivalent to the mean interpretation no chance of winning
Conclusion: Male UE students’ perceived that Escudero, Villar, De Castro, Roxas, Estrada and Legarda has a
50/50 chance of winning the election. And Binay, Gordon, Lacson and Panlilio has a slim chance of winning
the election. While Fernando has no chance of winning the election.

14. Statement 7: Female UE students’ perception of their candidates’ chance of winning the presidency in the 2010
election
Table 8: Female UE students’ perception of their candidates’ chance of winning the presidency in the 2010
election.
Candidate Sure
Winner
(4)
Good
Chance
(3)
50/50
Chance
(2)
Slim
Chance
(1)
No
Chance
(0)
Mean Mean Interpretation
Escudero, Chiz 4 41 7 1 0 2.91 50/50 Chance of Winning
Binay, Jejomar 1 8 8 0 0 2.59 50/50 Chance of Winning
Roxas, Mar 2 9 2 1 0 2.86 50/50 Chance of Winning
De Castro, Noli 5 6 2 0 0 3.23 50/50 Chance of Winning
Villar, Manny 2 10 0 1 0 3 50/50 Chance of Winning
Gordon, Dick 1 6 1 0 0 3 50/50 Chance of Winning
Legarda, Loren 1 5 2 0 0 2.88 50/50 Chance of Winning
Fernando, Bayani 0 0 4 0 0 2 Slim Chance of Winning
Lacson, Ping 0 1 1 1 0 2 Slim Chance of Winning
Estrada, Erap 0 2 0 0 0 3 50/50 Chance of Winning
Findings: Escudero, Binay, Roxas, De Castro, Villar, Gordon, Legarda and Estrada all got a mean score
between 2.6 - 3.3 and is equivalent to the mean interpretation 50/50 chance of winning. While Fernando and
Lacson got mean scores ranging from 1.8 - 2.5 and is equivalent to the mean interpretation slim chance of
winning.
Conclusion: Female UE students’ perceived that Escudero, Binay Roxas, De Castro, Villar, Gordon, Legarda
and Estrada will have a 50/50 chance of winning the 2010 election. While Fernando and Lacson will have a
slim chance of winning the election.

15. Statement 8: UE students’ degree of optimism that their choice for president can make a difference in the lives
of Filipino people.
Below is the mean interpretation used:
2.0 - 1.7 Very pessimistic that s/he can make a difference
1.8 - 2.5 Pessimistic that s/he can make a difference
2.6 - 3.3 Not sure if s/he can make a difference
3.4 - 4.1 Optimistic s/he can make a difference
4.2 - 5.0 Very optimistic s/he can make a difference
Table 9: Combined responses of UE Male & Female respondents.
Statement 5 4 3 2 1 Mean SDev.
Mean
Interpretation
1] My candidate can eradicate graft &
corruption in government.
48 90 80 22
1
0
3.58 1.02 Optimistic
2] My candidate can alleviate poverty.
35
10
4
82 22 7 3.55 0.94 Optimistic
3] My candidate can restore trust in
government.
67 97 60 20 6 3.80 1.00 Optimistic
4] My candidate can improve the
economy.
61
10
3
57 21 8 3.75 1.02 Optimistic
5] My candidate can solve the
insurgency.
37 97 90 18 8 3.55 0.94 Optimistic
Total/Grand Mean/Sd
24
8
49
1
36
9
10
3
3
9
3.64 0.99 Optimistic
Findings: UE students are optimistic that if Escudero will win, corruption will be solved, poverty can be
eradicated, trust in government can be restored, the economy will improve, and insurgency can be solved.
Overall, they are optimistic that their candidate will make a difference in the lives of the Filipino people.
Conclusions: UE students are optimistic that if Escudero wins he can make a difference in the lives of the
Filipino people.

16. Statement 9: UE Male students’ degree of optimism that their choice for president can make a difference in the
lives of Filipino people.
Table 10: Responses of UE Male respondents.
Statement 5 4 3 2 1 Mean SDev
Mean
Interpretation
1] My candidate can eradicate graft &
corruption in government.
23 39 33
1
5
5 3.52 1.09 Optimistic
2] My candidate can alleviate poverty.
18 41 41
1
1
4 3.50 0.99 Optimistic
3] My candidate can restore trust in
government.
32 46 22
1
1
4 3.79 1.06 Optimistic
4] My candidate can improve the
economy.
25 47 26
1
1
6 3.64 1.09 Optimistic
5] My candidate can solve the
insurgency.
17 37 46 8 7 3.43 1.03 Optimistic
Total/Grand Mean/Sd
11
5
21
0
16
8
5
6
2
6
3.58 1.05 Optimistic
Findings: Male UE respondents are optimistic that if Escudero will win, corruption will be solved, poverty can
be eradicated, trust in government can be restored, the economy will improve, and insurgency can be solved.
Overall, they are optimistic that Escudero will make a difference in the lives of the Filipino people.
Conclusions: Male UE students are optimistic that Escudero can make a difference in the lives of the Filipino
people.
Statement 10: UE Female students’ degree of optimism that their choice for president can make a difference in
the lives of Filipino people
Table 11: Responses of UE Female respondents.
Statement 5 4 3 2 1 Mean SDev
Mean
Interpretation
1] My candidate can eradicate graft &
corruption in government.
25 51 47 7 5 3.62 0.97 Optimistic
2] My candidate can alleviate poverty.
17 63 41
1
1
3 3.59 0.89 Optimistic
3] My candidate can restore trust in
government.
35 51 38 9 2 3.8 0.95 Optimistic
4] My candidate can improve the
economy.
36 56 31
1
0
2 3.84 0.95 Optimistic
5] My candidate can solve the
insurgency.
20 60 44
1
0
1 3.65 0.85 Optimistic
Total/Grand Mean/Sd
13
3
28
1
20
1
4
7
1
3
3.70 0.93 Optimistic
Findings: Female UE respondents are optimistic that if Escudero will win, corruption will be solved, poverty
can be eradicated, trust in government can be restored, the economy will improve, and insurgency can be
solved. Overall, they are optimistic that Escudero will make a difference in the lives of the Filipino people.
Conclusion: Female UE students are optimistic that Escudero can make a difference in the lives of the Filipino
people.

17. Statement 11: if there is a significant difference on the degree of optimism between male & female UE students
that their choice for president can make a difference on the lives of Filipino people.
Below is the PHStat printout for testing the significance of difference between mean responses of male and
female respondents.
Data
Hypothesized Difference 0
Level of Significance 0.05
Population 1 Sample
Sample Size 115
Sample Mean 3.58
Sample Standard Deviation 1.05
Population 2 Sample
Sample Size 135
Sample Mean 3.7
Sample Standard Deviation 0.93
Intermediate Calculations
Population 1 Sample Degrees of
Freedom 114
Population 2 Sample Degrees of
Freedom 134
Total Degrees of Freedom 248
Pooled Variance 0.974119
Difference in Sample Means -0.12
t-Test Statistic -0.95812
Two-Tailed Test
Lower Critical Value -1.96958
Upper Critical Value 1.969576
p-Value 0.338934
Do not reject the null hypothesis
Following is the 5-step solution:
1] Ho: µMale = µFemale; There is no significant difference on the degree of optimism between male and
female UE students that their choice for president can make a difference on the lives of Filipino people.
Ha: µMale ≠ µFemale; There is a significant difference on the degree of optimism between male and female
UE students that their choice for president can make a difference on the lives of Filipino people.
2] 05.0=α ; p-Value = 0.338934
3] Decision Rule: Reject Ho if p-Value(0.338934) < α(0.05)
4] Decision: Do no reject Ho because p-Value(0.338934) > α(0.05)
5] Conclusion: There is no significant difference on the degree of optimism between male and female UE
students that their choice for president can make a difference on the lives of Filipino people.

18. Statement 12: if there is a significant difference on the proportion of votes garnered by Escudero & Villar as UE
students’ choice for president.
Below is the PHStat printout for testing the significance of difference between the number of votes garnered by
Escudero and Villar as the respondents 1st
choice for president.
Data
Hypothesized Difference 0
Level of Significance 0.05
Group 1
Number of Successes 90
Sample Size 250
Group 2
Number of Successes 28
Sample Size 250
Intermediate Calculations
Group 1 Proportion 0.36
Group 2 Proportion 0.112
Difference in Two Proportions 0.248
Average Proportion 0.236
Z Test Statistic 6.529862051
Upper-Tail Test
Upper Critical Value 1.644853627
p-Value 3.29151E-11
Reject the null hypothesis
Following is the 5-step solution:
1] Ho: pEscudero = pVillar; There is no significant difference on the proportion of votes garnered by Escudero
and Villar.
Ha: pEscuero > pVillar; The proportion of votes garnered by Escudero is significantly higher than the
proportion of votes garnered by Villar.
2] 05.0=α ; p-Value = 0
3] Decision Rule: Reject Ho if p-Value(0.0000000000329151) < α(0.05)
4] Decision: Reject Ho because p-Value(0.0000000000329151) < α(0.05)
5] Conclusion: The proportion of votes garnered by Escudero is significantly higher than the proportion of votes
garnered by Villar.
INFERENCE: If this trend will continue, and if election is held today and the voters are only UE students then
Escudero is a sure winner.

19. SELF EVALUATION FORM
On a scale of 1-10, with 10 being the highest, please rate your participation in the completion of your group
project. Justify your ratings by completing the table below. Everyone should agree with each one’s self-ratings.
If a member is absent today (August 14, 2009), the Leader, with the consent of all the members who are present
should give the ratings.
______Plus One______
GROUP NAME
Surname, Name Role Rating Justification Signature
1] Quijano, Mark Anthony Leader 10
I wasn’t really the original leader
of the group, but when our original
leader dropped out of class, and as
Co-Leader I had to take over as the
leader of the group, and I did my
part as the new leader of the group
by closely monitoring the progress
of our research work.
2] Santos, Robert Co-Leader 10
Well, I did my part as I could, but I
all thanks to the leader who keeps
the group intact.
3] Catabran, Michael Analyzer 10
I took part on the research
specifically the tallying of votes,
hypothesis testing, conclusions
from findings and 5-step solution
on the last part. Also rechecked the
whole project itself.
INDIVIDUAL REFLECTION
MY ELEMSTA EXPERIENCE
Leader: Mark Anthony Quijano_
I learned a lot in my ELEMSTA class, and I know these things will help me out in the next subjects that I will
be taking up in the next semesters, surveying for example will be helpful when I do feasibility studies, and in
my course Export Management that will have a big factor when I start doing my thesis. Also things were made
easier for us by our professor so the research work wasn’t really that hard. But overall my ELEMSTA class was
a learning experience.
Co-Leader:_Robert Santos_
ELEMSTA for me is a good learning experience. It gave me an idea on how to gather data, it could even help
me in the future when I finish my college years, the subject to me is challenging yet fun, it feeds me idea on
how I could survey on things, well I could even use it on my years here at CSB. The most thing that’s why I
really love ELEMSTA is we can choose where we want to survey so we could go to the place and really survey
people and meet new ones. I really felt the importance of this subject, it really opened my eyes on things how
people really gather data here and else where, with the help of our professor I really learned a lot.
Analyzer:_Michael Catabran_
My experience in ELEMSTA is fast and easy one. There was some difficulty on some lessons but most of the
time, it was mostly easy to understand. I didn’t expect ELEMSTA to be this easy as I’m not that good in math
but thanks to an excellent method of teaching it wasn’t a problem.