The document discusses different types of sampling methods used in surveys including simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling, cluster sampling, quota sampling, and convenience sampling. It provides examples of each method and explains how to identify the sampling method used in given scenarios. Key steps in conducting statistical investigations using surveys are also outlined.
Methods of data collection (research methodology)Muhammed Konari
Included all types of data collection.Includes primary data collection and secondary data collection. Described each and every classification of Data collections which are included in KTU Kerala.
Methods of data collection (research methodology)Muhammed Konari
Included all types of data collection.Includes primary data collection and secondary data collection. Described each and every classification of Data collections which are included in KTU Kerala.
Questionnaire /Schedule design is a systematic approach/process of including relevant questions in a questionnaire in such a way that the best or accurate responses are obtained from respondent with very little / no discomfort on the part of the respondent as well as the enumerator.The most important part of the survey process is the creation of questions that accurately measure the opinions, experiences and behaviors of the target group. Questionnaire / Schedules design is one of the most critical stages in the survey research process and therefore has to be given the utmost attention. This power point presentation will guide you through schedules and questionnaire design.
Sampling design, sampling errors, sample size determinationVishnupriya T H
This presentation contains census and sample survey, implications of a sample design, steps in sample design, criteria of selecting a sampling procedure
Questionnaire /Schedule design is a systematic approach/process of including relevant questions in a questionnaire in such a way that the best or accurate responses are obtained from respondent with very little / no discomfort on the part of the respondent as well as the enumerator.The most important part of the survey process is the creation of questions that accurately measure the opinions, experiences and behaviors of the target group. Questionnaire / Schedules design is one of the most critical stages in the survey research process and therefore has to be given the utmost attention. This power point presentation will guide you through schedules and questionnaire design.
Sampling design, sampling errors, sample size determinationVishnupriya T H
This presentation contains census and sample survey, implications of a sample design, steps in sample design, criteria of selecting a sampling procedure
SURVEY RESEARCH- Advance Research MethodologyRehan Ehsan
This Presentation states the details of Survey Research for students to get help in advance research methodology. Rearchers may also get help from this work.
Sampling for Quantities & Qualitative Research Abeer AlNajjar.docxanhlodge
Sampling for Quantities & Qualitative Research
Abeer AlNajjar
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Population
Target group (universe in texts)
Census (to study every member of a population)
because measuring every member of a population usually is not feasible most researchers employ a Sample
Sample ( a subgroup of the population)
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Communication researchers are interested in a population (also called a universe when applied to texts) of communicators, all the people who posses a particular characteristic, or, in the case of those who study texts, all the messages that share a characteristic of interest.
The population of interest to researchers (often called the target group) might be members of a business, communication majors at a university, all students at a university, all people living in a city, all eligible voters in a country.
Texts ( editorials published in a specific newspaper for a week, or a large universe such as every editorial published In every newspaper in the UAE, or even larger such as all persuasive messages).
The best way to generalize to a population is to study every member of a population (Census)
If every member is studied, we know, by definition, the population’s response at the point in time the study was done
Sample
The results from the sample are then generalized back to (used to represent) the population
Representative sample ( population validity)
Its similarity to its parent population
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The results from the sample are then generalized back to (used to represent) the population). For such generalization to be valid (demonstrate population validity), the sample must be representative of its population. That is, it must accurately approximate the population.
Types of sampling
Random sampling (probability sampling)
Involves selecting a sample in such a way that each person in the population of interest has an equal chance of being included
Nonrandom sampling (nonprobability sampling)
Is what ever researchers do instead of using procedures that ensure that each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected
Sampling error
Is a number that express how much the characteristic of a sample probably differ from the characteristics of a population
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There are 2 different types of sampling procedures, and differ in terms of how confident we are about the ability of the selected sample to represent the population from which it is drawn
Random sampling (probability sampling)
Involves selecting a sample in such a way that each person in the population of interest has an equal chance of being included
By giving everyone an equal chance , random sampling eliminates the danger of researchers biasing the selection process because of their own opinions or desires. By eliminating bias, random sampling provides the best assurance that the same characteristics of the population exist in the sample, and, therefore, that the sample represents the population.
Nonrandom sampling: it sometimes is .
definition of survey
survey and its type
its purpose and uses.
sampling
approaches
survey methods
research designs
probability and non probability
population
cross sectional design
longitudinal design
successive independent sampling design
3. Example: An online poll use voluntary response samples. Why would these samples have bias?
4. Types of Sampling 1. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING; A sample size of n is selected in such a way that every possible sample of size n from the population has an equal chance of being selected. 2. STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING; To do this first divide the population into at least two different subgroups so that the individuals or subjects within each subgroup share the same characteristics. Then a simple random sample is drawn from each subgroup and combined to form the full sample.
5. 3. SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLE; Basically there is a system to applying a random sampling. That is say we wanted to have a sample of size 500 from a population of 10,000, we assign each member of the population with a number. Then we divide the population by the sample size, thus 10,000÷500=20. Now we randomly pick some number between 1 and 20 say 13! Then 13 becomes our starting point and we select every 20th number from 13 onwards.
6. 4. CLUSTER SAMPLING; For this the population is divided into sections or clusters. Then some of those clusters are randomly selected and all members from those clusters are chosen. 5. QUOTA SAMPLING; In quota sampling the selection of the sample is made by the interviewer, who has been given quotas to fill from specified sub-groups of the population. For example, an interviewer may be told to sample 50 females between the age of 45 and 60. There are similarities with stratified sampling, but in quota sampling the selection of the sample is non-random. Anyone who has had the experience of trying to interview people in the street knows how tempting it is to ask those who look most helpful, hence it is not the most representative of samples, but extremely useful.
7. 6. CONVENIENCE SAMPLING; Subjects are chosen in the most convenient way possible.
15. Survey Advantages Disadvantages Face-to face interview Questions can be explained to the interviews. - Not random. - Expensive to carry out. Telephone interview - It is possible to select sample from almost the entire adult population. - Questions can be explained to the interviewee. Expensive in comparison to postal and online surveys. Postal questionnaire Inexpensive. People do not always reply to postal surveys and those who reply may not be representative of the whole population. Online questionnaires - Very low cost. - Anonymity of respondents ensures more honest answers to sensitive questions. Not representative of the whole population. Only those who go online and do online surveys are represented. Observations - Low cost. - Easy to administer. - Not suitable for many surveys. - Questions cannot be explained.
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17. Homework Check! 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an online questionnaires when carrying out a survey? 2. You are asked to advise a 1st year students on designing a questionnaire, what four points of information would you give them?
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20. Solution (a) The question does not allow for all possible sports. While it may not be possible to include all types of sport, it is possible to cater for everybody if an ‘Other’ alternative is included. QUESTION 1 1. What is your favourite type of sport? (i) Tennis (ii) Rugby (iii) Athletics (iv) Other
21. Q UESTION 2. (a) There are gaps between 1km and 5km and also between 10km and 20km. 2. How far would you travel to see a competitive sports fixture? (i) Less than 1km (ii) 1 - 10 km (iii) Greater than 10km but less than 20km (iv) 20 km or more
22. QUESTION 3. (a) This question needs to be split into two questions. 3. Do you participate in sport? (i) Yes (ii) No 4. Do you watch sport on TV? (i) Yes (ii) No