This study examines the factors affecting career choice among grade 12 students in Dingalan National High School for the school year 2021-2022. The researchers will survey 20 randomly selected grade 12 students to understand what factors most influence their decision-making. Some of the key factors identified in previous research that may affect career choice include personality, interests, family influences, role models, available resources, and cultural identity. The researchers hope this study will help clarify for students what truly impacts their career decisions and provide insights for future researchers on this topic.

1. “Factors Affecting Grade-12 student in their Career
Choice S.Y.2021-2022”

2. Pepito R. Bermudez Jr.
John Jetro Espetero
(RESEARCHERS)
12-HUMSS
Dingalan National High School
Submitted to:
Mrs. Sherlyn Corpuz
(Subject teacher:
Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion)

3. ABSTRACT
This study may help them to clarify what factors really affect them in their
decision making of their career choice.
According to Kerka (2000), career choice is influenced by multiple factors
including personality, interests, self-concept, cultural identity, globalization,
socialization, role model, social support and available resources such as
information and financial. The researchers use the Likert scale to know the
factors affect the grade 12 students in their decision making of their career
choice. There are total population of 146 students from grade 12. There are 59
total students from HUMSS, 46 total students from GAS and 41 total students
from TVL. From that the researcher got a sample population of 20; 7 students
from HUMSS, 7 students from GAS and 6 students from TVL that will be the
respondents of the study. The respondents are chosen randomly with the margin
of error 10%. The study shows that it is the student by his/herself or personal
factor is still the most influential factor. It was their capability and skill to be on
the career that they want.

4. Abstract
Acknowledgement
Chapter I
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Scope and Delimitations
Significance of the Study
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
Chapter III
Methodology
Research Design
Sample
Data Analysis
Instrument of the Study
Statistical Treatment
Research Ethics
TABLE OF CONTENTS

5. Chapter IV
Presentation Analysis
Interpretation
Chapter V
Conclusion
Recommendation
REFERENCES
List of Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the search of the researchers for knowledge and experience in life, they
are reminded more and more just how lucky they have been. This study
will not be possible if not for the reassurance and help they got in
conducting the study.
To their parents Mr. & Mrs. Bermudez and Mr. Mrs. & Espetero who gave
a financial and moral support to their son in conducting this study. To
all students who helped and participated on this study. To Mrs. Sherlyn
Corpuz, the Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion teacher, who
guided the researchers while conducting the study.
The researchers are very thankful for all the help and kindness that you
gave to the researchers.

8. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
There is a big effect to a student on how is he or she chooses his or her career. There
are many factors that may affect a student to choose the career they want to be
or have in the near future. Factors like Family, Social and Personal. The
students are being influenced by their environment or experiences. The one that
they choose may fulfill their dreams or disappoint them because they did not
have want they want to be. Their decision must be 100% sure and no regrets will
be felt after. Because when you enter to the higher education there must be no
turning back. If so, you only wasted your time because of unsure decisions.
The influence of career choice has a lasting impact on an individual. It serves to be a
predictor and determinant of their prospective level of income, nature of work
and consequently leaves a mark on the personality, demeanor and outlook of an
individual. Thus, one wrong decision can change the fate of an individual. It is
difficult for everyone to make a decision regarding their career. This individual
action is manifested on a larger scale in the economic prosperity of a nation.
Individuals who are misfits in their workplace tend to be less productive and
efficient, and therefore are unable to achieve their goals. (Asma Shahid Kazi &
Abeeda Akhlaq, 2017)

9. The major part of people life is spent in occupational activities and these pursuits do more than simply
provide income for livelihood (Bandura, 2002:279). There is a widespread agreement that the high
school years are crucial for adolescents to become prepared for transition from school to work or
college (Amoah, Kwofie & Kwofie, 2015:57; Ombaba, Keraro, Sindabi & Asiengo, 2014: 921; Rowland,
2004:1).
Secondary school years present the transition from the cooperatively sheltered life of the primary
school to the freedom and responsibility of either tertiary education or employment (Watts & Kidd,
2000:488; MaluwaBanda, 1998:294). Career guidance is widely accepted as a powerful and effective
method of bridging the gap between education and the world of work (Ibrahim, Wambiya, Olaka &
Raburu, 2014:301; Ajufo, 2013:312).
In 2009, President Obama addressed members of a joint session of Congress where he challenged the
American public to increase their educational investments in themselves (The White House, 2009).
President Obama recommended that Americans increase their knowledge and training beyond a high
school diploma through accessing professional technical training programs, community college courses,
or two- and four-year institutions, for at least one year in order to better their lives. The President’s
challenge came in response the United States continuing to fall behind other nations in the rankings of
percentage of college-educated individuals between ages 25 and 34 (Schneider, 2009).
In 2012, three years after the challenge was given, only 38% of Americans between ages 25 and 34 had
completed a two- or four-year postsecondary degree (Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Developing Countries, 2012).

10. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study uses the descriptive quantitative research of
the student in their career choice. In order to better
understand the factors affecting the decision making
of the grade 12 student in Dingalan National High
School in their career choice. At this part of research,
the factors and how it affects the Grade 12 students
in their decision making will be generally defined as
main objective of the research. This research sought
to answer the following questions:

11. 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
Age
Strand
Member of the family working
Parent’s marital status
Parent’s Occupation
2. What is the most influential factor that affects the student in their
career choice?
3. How does this factor affect students in choosing their career?

12. SCOPE DELIMITATION
 This research focused mainly on the factors affecting the Grade 12 students in choosing
their career and how this affects them as a student, daughter/son and member of a
community.
 The respondents of the research will be 20 Grade 12 students of Dingalan National High
School. The researchers will survey 20 Grade 12 students from 3 different strands; 7 for
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), 7 from General Academic Strand (GAS) and
6 from Technological and Vocational Livelihood (TVL).
 This study was concerned with the decision making of Grade 12 students of DNHS in
their career choice. The students that are included in the research are the Grade 12
students that are studying in the DNHS, Grade 12 students outside the school are not
included. The teachers and other school staff are not involved in the study but they will
get a benefit on the research.
 The research will focus on the factors affecting the Grade 12 students in their
decision making on their career choice. More than that information will not be included.

13. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
To all Grade12 Students,
This study may help them to clarify what factors
really affect them in their decision making of their
career choice.
To all future researchers,
This research may help them to have an advance idea
about the topic that they choose.

15. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
It is important for a researcher to find some related literature about the topic so they could
have advance idea and knowledge about it. There are many recent researches about the
factors that affect students on their decision making for their career. Throughout the
1900s and 2000s, researchers have studied students’ decision-making processes for going
to college and selecting careers (Choy, 2002). Due to the increased demand for skilled
workers, it has become vital for students to go on to a post secondary institution to
obtain a professional technical certificate, an associate’s degree, or a bachelor’s degree.
As a result of the complexity of the job market, workers are encouraged to seek
additional training and schooling to have the necessary skills to be competitive in the
workforce (National Governors Association Center, 2010). Among the benefits a society
experiences when students invest in higher education are economic growth to national
income and productivity along with economic growth to the state workforce (Perna,
2006). The community in which the institution resides also experiences economic growth
as does the community where the individual graduate resides (Fatima & Paulsen, 2004)
Other benefits to society are an increase in community service and civic participation, a
reduction in the need for social support programs, and lower crime rates (Baum &
Payea, 2004) Research confirmed that the more education the parent had, the greater
chance there was of their child enrolling in a four-year college (Choy, 2002).

16. In a study by Perrone et al., (2001) on role model influence on the career decisiveness of
college students, it was found that role model supportiveness, and quality of relationship
contributed to the career choice of students. The same study indicated that majority of the
students selected same gender role models. Research on the role of spirituality and
religion in career development although limited in scope has suggested that such factors
relate positively to desirable career development outcomes such as career decisions. For
many people with spiritual or religious commitment faith plays a critical role in the career
decision making process. (Duffy and Dick 2009). A Study on career choice in Ethiopia by
Stebleton (2007) indicated that the students had an external locus of control and believes
that there are numerous external factors which influence their career choices. These
external factors include; political and economic considerations, previous work experience
and the influence of key individuals in a person’s life. Pummel, Harwood and Lavallee
(2008) reports that external influences that helps to shape an individual’s career choice
are also influenced by significant others through social support from peers. In a study by
Natalie (2006), young adults through interaction with the context of family, school and
community learn about and explore careers which ultimately lead to their career choice.
One consistent finding in research suggests that adolescents’ own aspirations are
influenced by their parent’s aspirations or expectations. Parental support and
encouragement are important factors that have been found to influence career choice.
Children may choose what their parents desire simply to please them (Taylor et al, 2004)

17. Due to the increase in state standards and accountability
measures, schools are considering standards-based grading as
a means for communicating student learning relative to the
standards (Spencer, 2012). Although there are nuances in
implementation (Marzano & Heflebower, 2011), authors
converge in agreement that standards-based grading is a
philosophy of grading and reporting students’ academic
learning. This is separate from behaviors in which practice
assignments do not count towards the final grade, and
students are provided multiple opportunities to demonstrate
their learning over time (O’Connor, 2002)

18. According to Oyamo and Amoth (2008), studies in Kenya show that rural students tend to
seek help from parents more than urban students and that parents more than teachers
play a major role in the career choice of students. Generally, the choice of a career is
influenced by parents, friends, and counselors however variations occur from one
population to the other. In Kenya, every year form four secondary school students make
their career choices before sitting for their final Kenya Certificate of Secondary
Examination. The result of this final examination determines who joins university since
admissions into various careers are determined by grades obtained from the Kenya
Certificate of Secondary Education. Before making their career choices, students are often
provided with a list of careers from which they are supposed to make choices. Most of the
students lack adequate information regarding various careers hence the choices that they
make are embedded in their perception of the ideal job and the subjects they study in
secondary school. The only support students get within the school if from career masters
or counselors as they are mostly refereed to and the teachers who are expected to support
students in their career choice. When the final examination results are released by the
Ministry of Education, and depending on the grades, students are then admitted to the
universities based on the career choices that they had made while in school. When these
students graduate from the universities, some of them enter into occupations that are
totally different from the ones they had chosen and trained for. The purpose of this study
was to examine the factors influencing career choice among form four secondary school
students in Kisumu municipality. The area of study was chosen since it is one area in
Kenya that most of graduates of education and other programs are working in careers that
they did not choose before joining university.

20. METHODOLOGY
 Research Design
As a result of the information gathered from the study, data for the descriptive
quantitative study were collected from given questionnaires. The selection process for
the population to be sampled was a convenience sample with stratification
characteristics (Creswell, 2014; Slavin, 2007). Using the strategy of stratification for a
specific population, Creswell (2014) explained that the population being studied has
specific characteristics which the researcher requires the sample population to mirror.
Twenty (20) Grade 12 students had the opportunity to participate. Quantitative research
through the use of surveys provided the researcher with information needed for the
study.
 Sample
There are total population of 146 students from grade 12. There are 59 total students
from HUMSS, 46 total students from GAS and 41 total students from TVL. From that
the researcher got a sample population of 20; 7 students from HUMSS, 7 students from
GAS and 6 students from TVL that will be the respondents of the study. The
respondents are chosen randomly with the margin of error 10 %.

21.  Data Analysis
Descriptive statistics in the form of percentages were used in this study. Data was
converted into percentages for easier interpretation. Calculation of percentage for each
questionnaire item was done to identify items that were rated in terms of their influence to
career choices.
The data are analyzed and interpret with the help of related literature from the
recent researches.
 Instrument of the Study
The researcher designs self-administered questionnaires for the data gathering. For
this, the researchers use the survey-questionnaire instrument to aim the main objective of
the study. The questionnaires are distributed to 20 random grade 12 student of Dingalan
National High School. The questions are structured that the respondents will answer it
easily. The researchers used google forms to be able to distribute the questionnaires while
avoiding physical contacts to the respondents. It is for implementing the minimum health
protocols because of COVID19.
The researchers use the Likert scale to know the factors affect the grade 12 students in
their decision making of their career choice.

22.  Statistical Treatment
The researchers count and groups the information gathered using tallying.
The researcher uses the Descriptive Statistics where the data was summarized using
the table and graphs.
 Research Ethics
The researchers make sure that they are prioritizing the five ethics of
research; informed consent, beneficence-do not harm, respects the anonymity and
confidentiality and respect for privacy.
 Data was collected with the permission of respondents and the main goal of study
was well stated by the respondents. In addition, it was ensured to respondents that
the data will not use for any unrelated business.

24. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
On this part of research will show the presentation, analysis and
interpretation of the data that gathered from the 20 grade 12 students.
It aims to discuss the different factors that affect the grade12 student in
their decision making for their career choice.
 Research Question 1: What is the profile of the respondent in terms of:
 Table 1. Age
10%
45%
35%
10%
17 yrs old 18 yrs old
19 yrs old 20 yrs old
 There are total of 2 are 17 yrs. old or 10% of n=20, 9 total students
that are 18 years old or 45% of n=20. Also, 7 students that are 19 years
old or 35% of n=20. While 20 years old are 2 respondents or 10% of
n=20.

25.  Table 2. Strand
35%
35%
30%
GAS HUMSS TVL
 As the data shown, there are 7 or 35% of n=20 from
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), 7 or 35% of n=20
from General Academic Strand (GAS) and 6 or 30% from
Technology and Vocational Livelihood are the respondents.

26.  Table 3. Member of the family working
45%
20%
10%
5%
20%
father mother
guardian brother
sister
 It has also a big effect to the decision-making of a student for their career
choice is who are the member of the family working or sustaining their
needs. Based on the answer of respondents there are 9 or 45% of n=20
claimed that their father was working for them, 4 or 20% of n=20 was
their mother working, 2 or 10% of n=20 was their guardian, 1 or 5% of
n=20 was their brother and 4 or 20% of n=20 was their sisters are
working.

27.  Table 4. Parent’s marital status
35%
20%
0%
30%
15%
living together
separated
divorced
widowed
working abroad
 One of the possible factors that may affect a student’s decision for his or
her career choice is his or her parent’s marital status. On the data that was
provided by the participants, there are 7 respondents that said their parents are
living together or 35% of n=20, 4 respondents that the parents are separated or
20% of n=20, 0 respondent said that their parents are divorced, 6 respondents
that their parents are widowed or 30% of n=20 and 3 respondent that the
parent/s is working abroad or 15% of n=20.

28.  Table 5. Parent’s Occupation
20%
35%
45%
government employee
private employee
self-employed
 The work of the parents/guardians may have an impact to the career choice of
students. They may have or not have the capability to sustain the study of a
student to its college education because of their work and salary.
 Based on the data from questionnaires, there are 4 respondents that the
parents/guardians are Government Employee or 20% of n=20, 7 respondents
that the parents/guardians are Self-Employed or 35% of n=20 and 9
respondents that the parents/guardi5%55ans are Private-Employee or 45% of
n=20.

29.  Research Question 2: What is the factor that affects the student the most
in their career choice?
 Table 6.
75%
15%
10%
personal factor
family factor
social factor
 As the table shown above, the highest factor that based on the respondents is
the most influential on their decision-making for their career is the Personal Factor
that got 15 or 75% of n=20. Next, the Family Factor that got 3 or 15% of n=20. While
the Social Factors got the least which is 2 or 10% of n=20.

30. CONCLUSION
According to Kerka (2000), career choice is influenced by multiple factors
including personality, interests, self-concept, cultural identity,
globalization, socialization, role model, social support and available
resources such as information and financial. The result shown that
personal factors got the most influential factor in decision making of
student to their career. There are still students that prioritized what
they want and what they think right for their future.
Regarding the influence of personal interest on career choice, the study
reported that more than 70% of the students who participated were
influenced by personal interest when making career choice. These
findings are not strange considering those students’ interests are often
shaped by their environment, the people they interact with and more so
their life experiences as they grow. The results on learning experiences
indicate that over 70% of participants agree that learning experiences
influence their choice of career. (Edwards K. & Quinter M, 2011)

31. There is a reason behind why personal factor is the most
influential factor that affects students in their decision making.
Every person plays different roles in his or her life. He is a
worker at work, a parent, husband or wife at home. And every
person thinks about himself in these different roles and
decides which role will be the most important for him. And
this decision may influence the career choice and the way the
person looks at his work. (Essay for Today, 2014).
 Research Question 3: How does this factor affect students in
choosing their career?

32.  Table 7. Personal factors
Items Strongly
disagree
(4)
Percentage
(%)
Disagree
(3)
Percent
age
(%)
Agree
(2)
Percentage
(%)
Strongly
agree
(1)
Percent
age
(%)
Weighte
d mean
Interpretatio
n
1. I am physically and
mentally ready on the
career that I will
choose.
2 10% 3 15% 11 55% 4 20% 2.75 Disagree
2. I am capable on every
activity that will be
done during my
education in college.
0 0% 2 10% 14 70% 4 20% 1.9 Agree
3. I am skilled enough to
be on this career.
1 5% 2 10% 12 60% 5 25% 3.75 Strongly
disagree
4. I didn’t see myself
with another career that
I did not want
0 0% 1 5% 13 65% 6 30% 1.75 Agree
5. My personality is
match on the career
that I want.
0 0% 0 0% 14 70% 6 30% 1.7 Agree
6. Since I was a child, I really
dream to be on this career
1 5% 3 15% 12 60% 4 20% 2.05 Agree
7. I already experienced
being in this career.
2 10% 11 55% 5 25% 2 10% 2.65 Disagree
8. This career looks
interesting for me.
0 0% 2 10% 16 80% 2 10% 2 Agree
0% 1 5% 6 30% 13 65% 1.4 Strongly
agree
1.35 Strongly agree
10. When I was a child, I
already imagined working
with this career
0

33. Overall mean Overall interpretation
=2.13 Agree
 Based on the answers of the respondents to the given questionnaires, there
are 5 out of 10 items that the respondents Agree based on the weighted
mean. The overall mean is 2.13 and the overall interpretation was Agree.

34.  Table 8. Family Factors
Item Strongly
disagree
(4)
Percentage
(%)
Disagree
(3)
Percentage
(%)
Agree
(2)
Percentage
(%)
Strongly
Agree
(1)
Percentage
(%)
Weighted
mean
Interpretation
1. My family
traditions
affect me in
choosing this
career.
14 70% 3 15% 3 15% 0 0% 3.55 Strongly
disagree
2. Some of
my relatives
already taken
this career.
5 25% 8 40% 7 35% 0 0% 2.9 Disagree
3.Our
financial
income
affects me in
my decision
to choose this
career.
0 0% 0 0% 7 35% 13 65% 1.35 Strongly agree
4. This career
was suggested
by my family.
11 55% 3 15% 6 30% 0 0% 3.25 Disagree
5. My parents
want this
career for
me.
4 20% 6 30% 8 40% 2 10% 2.6 Disagree

35. 6. I take this
career to
meet the
expectations
of my parents
3 15% 9 45% 8 40% 0 0% 2.75 Disagree
7. My parents
thought that
this career
was capable
for me.
0 0% 5 25% 7 35% 8 40% 1.85 Agree
8. My parents
push this
career,
because it will
have a bigger
salary.
0 0% 4 20% 14 70% 4 20% 2.2 Agree
9. Some of my
relatives
convince me
to take this
career.
3 15% 10 50% 7 35% 0 0% 2.35 Disagree
10. My
parents can’t
afford the
expenses on
the career
that I want.
3 15% 5 25% 9 45% 3 15% 2.4 Agree
Overall mean Overall interpretation
=2.52 Disagree

36.  According on the tallied answers of the respondents
there is 5 out of 10 disagree on the items for Family Factors
based on the weighted mean. There are 2.52 computed
overall mean and the Overall Interpretation was Disagree.
The selected respondents disagreed that the family factors
affect the most their decision making for their career.

37.  Table 9. Social Factors
Items Strongly
disagree
Percentage
(%)
Disagre
e
Percent
age
(%)
Agre
e
Percent
age
(%)
Strongly
agree
Percent
age
(%)
Weighte
d mean
Interpret
ation
1. This
career is in
demand
abroad
0 0% 0 0% 16 80% 4 20% 1.8 Agree
2. This
career is the
job of my
favorite
social media
influencer.
13 65% 4 20% 3 15% 0 0% 3.5 Strongly
disagree
3. My friends
are going to
take the
same career.
4 20% 9 45% 5 25% 2 10% 2.75 Disagree
4. My friends
want me to
take this
career.
13 65% 6 30% 0 0% 1 5% 3.55 Strongly
disagree
5. I read a
blog that
said this
career is the
best choice.
15 75% 1 5% 0 0% 4 20% 3.26 Disagree

38. 6. I saw at
social media
that this career
is easy to take.
6 30% 13 65% 1 5% 0 0% 3.25 Disagree
7. My friends
thought that
this career is
suitable for
me.
0 0% 4 20% 3 15% 13 65% 1.55 Agree
8. This career
got a larger
salary abroad.
0 0% 2 10% 16 80% 4 20% 2.1 Agree
9. Social media
help me a lot
to find my
career in the
near future.
2 10% 14 70% 4 20% 0 0% 2.9 Disagree
10. This career
will help the
society to fulfil
the lack of
worker.
0 0% 6 30% 11 55% 3 15% 2.15 Agree
Overall mean Overall interpretation
=2.68 Disagree

39.  Based on the given data from the participant
there is 4 out of 10 disagree on the weighted mean
for Social Factors. The overall computed mean was
2.68 while the overall interpretation was Disagree.
The respondents, in overall disagree that Social
Factors affect the student the most in their
decision-making for their career.

41. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
 Conclusion
In order to be productive citizens in society, students need to be college- and career-
ready by the time they graduate from high school. (Shana Hawkins, 2015).
The study shows that it is the student by his/herself is still the most influential factor.
It was their capability and skill to be on the career that they want. The
participants who had planned to pursue higher education selected the personal
factors as the most influential in their decision-making for their career.
However, parents/guardian and other adults in the community provide guidance
and mentoring to high school students. In addition, it is the highly-trained
school counsellors and other high school personnel who have the enough
knowledge of the requirements needed to assist students choose the right career
for them. The students must be reminded on what will be the things that they
must prioritized when they are choosing the career for themselves but also to the
people around them, especially, their family.

42.  Recommendation
 To all students,
This study will guide and help the student choose their respective careers and
take it without hesitations, also they enjoy and they are happy to their career
that they choose.
 To school staff's,
They will know how to guide their students in choosing their careers, and this
study will give some help to clarify the confusion to all students that will ask on
them on how they choose their careers that will surely help the community.
 To all parents,
It will help them to choose the career for their children, and also, they can
support them that they will know that the career that chooses by their child is
the best for them.
 To all future researchers,
This study will help the future researchers to get some new ideas and also to
improve their learning in this study. It is therefore recommended that a similar
study be conducted in which many factors affecting career choice decisions can
be explored.

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