College Students' Attitude towards Premarital Sex: Implication for Guidance a...AJSERJournal
In many African countries, discussing sexuality still remains a taboo, despite the increasing number of
sexual activities among college students. The study sought to find out college students attitude towards premarital sex
and the implication of guidance and counselling. It was guided by the social learning theory. Using a descriptive survey
design data was collected through personally delivered questionnaire to 452 students who were randomly selected
from middle level colleges in Nakuru County. The questionnaire was validated through piloting in one college outside
Nakuru. Reliability coefficient for questionnaire was estimated through test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha stood
at R=84. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data. Study findings indicate that 258 or 57% of the
respondents were liberal about premarital sex and viewed it as a normal act that should not attract criticism. A total of
194 or 43% were conservative and believed that it is against the norms of society and the teachings of the church.
Factors associated with premarital sex, include love, peer pressure, drug abuse and economic factors. Counselling was
seen as the best strategic to handle sex issues, but was not effective due to stigma associated with premarital sex. The
study recommended the college administrators step up strategies to supervise both the social and academic life of the
students. By providing them with information, to make informed consent on sexual matters.
Timing of Sexual Initiation and Contraceptive use: a study on the female adol...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
PREMARURE ENGAGEMENT IN SEXUAL ACTIVITIES BY ADOLESCENTS: AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS IMPACTS ON THEIR HEALTH, ACADEMIC AND SOCIAL-WELFARE. The case of Government High School Kendem, Mbeme and Kendem Communities – Mamfe, South West Region of Cameroon.
Presented by JOHN NYAH MBOUT
College Students' Attitude towards Premarital Sex: Implication for Guidance a...AJSERJournal
In many African countries, discussing sexuality still remains a taboo, despite the increasing number of
sexual activities among college students. The study sought to find out college students attitude towards premarital sex
and the implication of guidance and counselling. It was guided by the social learning theory. Using a descriptive survey
design data was collected through personally delivered questionnaire to 452 students who were randomly selected
from middle level colleges in Nakuru County. The questionnaire was validated through piloting in one college outside
Nakuru. Reliability coefficient for questionnaire was estimated through test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha stood
at R=84. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data. Study findings indicate that 258 or 57% of the
respondents were liberal about premarital sex and viewed it as a normal act that should not attract criticism. A total of
194 or 43% were conservative and believed that it is against the norms of society and the teachings of the church.
Factors associated with premarital sex, include love, peer pressure, drug abuse and economic factors. Counselling was
seen as the best strategic to handle sex issues, but was not effective due to stigma associated with premarital sex. The
study recommended the college administrators step up strategies to supervise both the social and academic life of the
students. By providing them with information, to make informed consent on sexual matters.
Timing of Sexual Initiation and Contraceptive use: a study on the female adol...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
PREMARURE ENGAGEMENT IN SEXUAL ACTIVITIES BY ADOLESCENTS: AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS IMPACTS ON THEIR HEALTH, ACADEMIC AND SOCIAL-WELFARE. The case of Government High School Kendem, Mbeme and Kendem Communities – Mamfe, South West Region of Cameroon.
Presented by JOHN NYAH MBOUT
The adolescent stage is a period of turmoil marked with enormous vibrancy, discovery, innovation and hope and also the time when many of them initiate sexual relationships and involvement. This can be a challenging time for young people who are becoming aware of their sexual and reproductive rights and needs, and who rely on their families, peers, schools, media and health service providers for affirmation, advice, information and the skills to navigate is sometimes a difficult transition to adulthood. The subject on sex has been surrounded by mystery and beclouded by dark silence as neither parents nor teachers are ready to discuss it with teenagers despite unplanned pregnancies, dropping out of school by students, Sexually Transmitted Infections among teenagers. The study investigated influence of teen contraceptive use) on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 3774 Form 3 students. A sample of 400 students was selected using, Miller, L.R. & Brewer, J.D. (2003) mathematical formula and stratified randomly from 52 schools and conveniently selected equally between boys and girls. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights most students were aware about contraceptive use with females slightly more than males and media was the major source of information on contraceptive use while parents/guardians had no significant contribution since teenagers rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents. More than half of the sexually active students used contraceptives though it still interfered with their academic performance. This paper points at sex education curriculum in schools, setting up reproductive health institutions for the youth and distribution of contraceptives among teenagers which has a bearing on students’ performance.
EFFECT OF PARENTS’ INFLUENCE ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG STUDENTS IN SECONDAR...paperpublications3
Abstract:Increased sexual liberty and early initiation of adolescents into sexual activities have led to irresponsible and risky sexual behaviors among the adolescents. However, regardless of the availability of various sources of information about sexuality and reproduction, the adolescents are yet to adopt safe sexual behaviors. This has raised questions about the effects of parents on sexual behaviors among adolescent students. This study sought to investigate the effects parents' influence on the sexual behaviors among students in secondary schools in Nyahururu Division, Laikipia County. This study adopted an ex post facto research design. A random sample, of 338 respondents, was chosen from the seven randomly selected schools. Data was collected through administration of a structured questionnaire to the selected respondents. The collected data was then processed and analyzed descriptively using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17 for Windows. The content validity of the research instrument was established by ascertaining that it contained information that answered the research objectives. The instrument was piloted to ensure reliability and it gave a reliability coefficient of 0.82. The study finding indicated that most parents encouraged their adolescent children to have good sexual behaviors. They, however, lacked effective communication skills to pass their good intentions to their adolescent children and thus making their discussions on sexual matters boring and uninteresting. The study recommends the need for parents to adopt effective communication skills that could enable them pass their good sexual intentions to their adolescent children.
Keywords:Parental Influence, Sexual behaviors, Sexual problems, Adolescent, Sex related information, Parent.
Knowledge of Premarital Sex and its influence on Sexual Behaviour of Adolesce...IOSR Journals
Abstract: This study investigatedthe knowledge of premarital sex and its influence on the sexual behaviour of
adolescents in Federal Government senior secondary schools in Nigeria.An ex-post facto research design was
used for this study. The population for this study consisted of students in Federal Government Senior Secondary
Schools in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data for this study in thirteen Federal
Government senior secondary schools selected from the six geo-political zones in Nigeria through stratified and
purposive sampling techniques. A total of 576 copies of questionnaire were administered to respondents in SS1,
SS2 and SS3 in Federal Government Senior Secondary Schools in Nigeria. The data collected were statistically
analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at 0.05 level of
significance. It was found that, the influence of knowledge of premarital sex of adolescents was found to be
significantly related. It was recommended that; there is the need for the relevant educational authorities to
increase knowledge of reproductive health in secondary schools in Nigeria through symposiums, workshops and
seminar presentation in which emphasis could be on the influence of premarital sex on adolescent development.
The adolescent stage is a period of turmoil marked with enormous vibrancy, discovery, innovation and hope and also the time when many of them initiate sexual relationships and involvement. This can be a challenging time for young people who are becoming aware of their sexual and reproductive rights and needs, and who rely on their families, peers, schools, media and health service providers for affirmation, advice, information and the skills to navigate is sometimes a difficult transition to adulthood. The subject on sex has been surrounded by mystery and beclouded by dark silence as neither parents nor teachers are ready to discuss it with teenagers despite unplanned pregnancies, dropping out of school by students, Sexually Transmitted Infections among teenagers. The study investigated influence of teen contraceptive use) on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 3774 Form 3 students. A sample of 400 students was selected using, Miller, L.R. & Brewer, J.D. (2003) mathematical formula and stratified randomly from 52 schools and conveniently selected equally between boys and girls. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights most students were aware about contraceptive use with females slightly more than males and media was the major source of information on contraceptive use while parents/guardians had no significant contribution since teenagers rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents. More than half of the sexually active students used contraceptives though it still interfered with their academic performance. This paper points at sex education curriculum in schools, setting up reproductive health institutions for the youth and distribution of contraceptives among teenagers which has a bearing on students’ performance.
EFFECT OF PARENTS’ INFLUENCE ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG STUDENTS IN SECONDAR...paperpublications3
Abstract:Increased sexual liberty and early initiation of adolescents into sexual activities have led to irresponsible and risky sexual behaviors among the adolescents. However, regardless of the availability of various sources of information about sexuality and reproduction, the adolescents are yet to adopt safe sexual behaviors. This has raised questions about the effects of parents on sexual behaviors among adolescent students. This study sought to investigate the effects parents' influence on the sexual behaviors among students in secondary schools in Nyahururu Division, Laikipia County. This study adopted an ex post facto research design. A random sample, of 338 respondents, was chosen from the seven randomly selected schools. Data was collected through administration of a structured questionnaire to the selected respondents. The collected data was then processed and analyzed descriptively using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17 for Windows. The content validity of the research instrument was established by ascertaining that it contained information that answered the research objectives. The instrument was piloted to ensure reliability and it gave a reliability coefficient of 0.82. The study finding indicated that most parents encouraged their adolescent children to have good sexual behaviors. They, however, lacked effective communication skills to pass their good intentions to their adolescent children and thus making their discussions on sexual matters boring and uninteresting. The study recommends the need for parents to adopt effective communication skills that could enable them pass their good sexual intentions to their adolescent children.
Keywords:Parental Influence, Sexual behaviors, Sexual problems, Adolescent, Sex related information, Parent.
Knowledge of Premarital Sex and its influence on Sexual Behaviour of Adolesce...IOSR Journals
Abstract: This study investigatedthe knowledge of premarital sex and its influence on the sexual behaviour of
adolescents in Federal Government senior secondary schools in Nigeria.An ex-post facto research design was
used for this study. The population for this study consisted of students in Federal Government Senior Secondary
Schools in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data for this study in thirteen Federal
Government senior secondary schools selected from the six geo-political zones in Nigeria through stratified and
purposive sampling techniques. A total of 576 copies of questionnaire were administered to respondents in SS1,
SS2 and SS3 in Federal Government Senior Secondary Schools in Nigeria. The data collected were statistically
analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at 0.05 level of
significance. It was found that, the influence of knowledge of premarital sex of adolescents was found to be
significantly related. It was recommended that; there is the need for the relevant educational authorities to
increase knowledge of reproductive health in secondary schools in Nigeria through symposiums, workshops and
seminar presentation in which emphasis could be on the influence of premarital sex on adolescent development.
The negative impacts of adolescent sexuality problems among secondary school ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was conducted to focus on the negative health outcomes related to sexual behaviour in adolescents and young adults attending public school in the Oworonshoki region of Lagos, Nigeria, Africa. Since, there is a relative dearth of knowledge on adolescents who face unique and challenging economics, health and education problems in our society. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence and knowledge towards STD including HIV/AIDS, prevalence of sexual abuse practice/sexual behaviour, family planning awareness and acceptance including abortion practice were sorted out using self structured questionnaires and administered to 60% of student’s population using a stratified random sampling technique. 55.8% lived with both parents. While, 50.3% of the mothers had basic secondary school qualifications, 72.4% of them are traders. 61.5% had sex education were from misinformed friends/peers while 51% had no basic knowledge about sexual behavioral practice and attitude towards STDs/AIDS (HIV). STD has a prevalence of 34 and 41% of boys used condoms for preventing STI/HIV transmission and unwanted pregnancies. One out of every five sexually active teenagers has experienced forced sex, especially among the circumcised girls who were more sexually active than the uncircumcised girls. 60% of girls between ages of 12 and 18 years had more than one unsafe abortion with severe vaginal bleeding (haemorrhage) as the chief complication. However, 65% of the girls did abortion for fear of leaving school and financial hardship as the reasons.
Adolescence is a period where significant physical, emotional, mental changes take place. This presentation covers the nature of adolescence, physical changes, issues in adolescent health and adolescent cognition.
Sex Education to Indian Adolescents – Need of the Houriosrjce
Sex is very sensitive subject and public discussion on sexual matters is considered as a taboo Indian soc
iety. Most of us do not talk openly about the topic in presence of our elders. But there are certain things that the
youth of our country need to know
EFFECT OF PARENTS’ INFLUENCE ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG STUDENTS IN SECONDARY ...paperpublications3
Abstract:Increased sexual liberty and early initiation of adolescents into sexual activities have led to irresponsible and risky sexual behaviors among the adolescents. However, regardless of the availability of various sources of information about sexuality and reproduction, the adolescents are yet to adopt safe sexual behaviors. This has raised questions about the effects of parents on sexual behaviors among adolescent students. This study sought to investigate the effects parents' influence on the sexual behaviors among students in secondary schools in Nyahururu Division, Laikipia County. This study adopted an ex post facto research design. A random sample, of 338 respondents, was chosen from the seven randomly selected schools. Data was collected through administration of a structured questionnaire to the selected respondents. The collected data was then processed and analyzed descriptively using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17 for Windows. The content validity of the research instrument was established by ascertaining that it contained information that answered the research objectives. The instrument was piloted to ensure reliability and it gave a reliability coefficient of 0.82. The study finding indicated that most parents encouraged their adolescent children to have good sexual behaviors. They, however, lacked effective communication skills to pass their good intentions to their adolescent children and thus making their discussions on sexual matters boring and uninteresting. The study recommends the need for parents to adopt effective communication skills that could enable them pass their good sexual intentions to their adolescent children.
A Study on Assessment of Knowledge of Reproductive Health Education among the...AnuragSingh1049
Adolescence is a life’s essential transition phase starting around 10, 11 or 12 years and concludes between the age of 18-21 years. Deficiency of reproductive health information and sexual experimentations in this stage of storm and stress expose adolescents to grave health pressure. Adolescents must have access to logical Reproductive Health information to increase healthy attitude towards Reproductive Health issues. The aim of writing this paper was to assess the the knowledge of adolescent students studying in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir state towards Reproductive Health Education and to be familiar with reproductive health issues among adolescents. The present study was carried out on 400 Adolescent Higher Secondary School students of Jammu region using a well designed pre-tested questionnaire. The results of our study showed that students had constructive attitude towards Reproductive Health Education as majority (boys = 86.0%, girls=84.5%) of respondents recommended Reproductive Health Education in school curriculum. Further, 40.0% boys and 35.5% girl respondents were of the opinion that lecture by expert is a preferred method of imparting Reproductive Health Education, 32.0% boys and 28.5% girl students under study favored to communicate with Doctors/Health Workers followed by parents brothers/sisters (23.0%) in case of girls and friends (23.5%) in case of boys concerning Reproductive Health issues. Further, the study revealed that girl students (51.5%) favored to get married under 24 years as they were of the belief that it is the prime of life, and can give birth without much troubles whereas majority of boys understudy (65.5%) told that they prefer to get married above 24 years as they desire to complete education first and find a appropriate job in order to feed family unit. Majority of the respondents (58.5%) believed that youth living in urban areas possesses more knowledge about reproductive health than youth living in rural areas. Further, majority of the students possesses good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and STDs. It is concluded from our study that there is a requirement of providing proper scientific information to teenagers concerning reproductive health by incorporating Reproductive Health Education in school syllabus and lectures by experts in order to advance their awareness and consequently reproductive health condition.
Term Paper Assignment CRIJ 3300 Applied Research and Methods.docxjacqueliner9
Term Paper Assignment
CRIJ 3300 Applied Research and Methods
9 Pages
Introduction
In the American Criminal Justice System, many young adults commit delinquency acts. In this paper, the goal of this research is to find out if the use of any controlled substance or any illegal drug incite male juveniles in high school delinquency. I hypothesize that if male juveniles that attend high school consume any controlled substances or illegal drug, then their crime commission or delinquency rates will increase. If male juveniles that attend high school commit crime or delinquency acts, and they do not consume controlled substances or illegal drugs, their crime rates will go down or remain the same.
Population of Interest
For this research, the population of interest will be male juveniles of American nationality who attend a public high school in Chicago, Illinois.
Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis proposed to analyze for this research will be individuals. Individual students who get studied in a research can be less likely to be influenced by peers or any outside source.
Variables of Interest
Attributes of the variables are important in this research. The male juveniles chosen will be between the ages of 12 to 17. The ethnicity or race of the juveniles are not important to this research, because it is not quantitative. It might be important for a research that is looking to know how many juveniles from certain race commit delinquent acts, but in this research, the goal is to find out if the consumption of any controlled substance or illegal drug alter juvenile delinquency rates. A controlled substance is any substance or medication that people use to get high. An illegal drug, is any substance that cannot be used under a certain age, or that cannot be used at all in the United States. These definitions bring us to the meaning of juvenile delinquency, which is any deviant behavior or delinquent act that juveniles commit during the course of adolescence or at a certain age that is between twelve and seventeen. This definition relates to the questions in the survey that ask about the juvenile committing any delinquent acts or deviant behaviors. The independent variable in this research is the drug or illegal substance that the juvenile consumes before the commission of a delinquent act. The dependent variable is the delinquent act itself depending on the consumption of illegal drugs or controlled substances. It is the dependent variable because as we hypothesized, if the juvenile does not take drugs or if he does not use controlled substances then the delinquency rate will probably go down. The control variable is the situations that happen to the juvenile when he is outside of school. Problems at home, child abuse, child neglect, being a victim of bullying, parents that abuse illegal substances, parents or family members that abuse alcohol in front of the juvenile amongst other, are examples of what could be considered the control variab.
This webinar was developed by Child Trends in 2015 for the Office of Adolescent Health (OAH) as a technical assistance product for use with OAH grant programs.
Abstract—Sexual health (SH) and sexual behavior of young people have become a growing public concern. But few studies have been conducted to investigate the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of this phenomenon.
Purpose: To understand college students’ sexual knowledge (SK), sexual attitudes (SA), sexual desire (SD) and sexual behavior (SB).
Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey on SK, SA, SD, and SB was conducted among 520 university students. Their demographic data, SK, SA, SD, and SB were assessed.
Results: A total of 500 students completed the questionnaire. The SKS total score had a mean of 23.05; 105 (21.0%) subjects had had premarital sex; 121 (24.2%) had a partner; 117 (23.4%) had a medical educational background. The results demonstrated an increased risk of premarital sex amongst males and subjects with the risk factors of smoking, drinking, having a partner, and having higher levels of SD and SK and more open SA.
Conclusions: This study provides support for the idea that university students lack SK (especially regarding contraception knowledge), even though the students had a medical educational background. Additionally, a considerable amount of them engaged in premarital SB. Our findings also suggest that university students need sex education, particularly in combining sexuality with their life, in relating to others maturely as a sexual individual, in employing contraception, and in preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Our study suggests that interventions aimed at expanding university students’ SK and other related skills are required.
Adolescence Offence and Social Responsibilities: Perspective Upper Class Boys...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Adolescence offence among upper-class boys remains shrouded in mystery. So scanty is our
knowledge of this group that a public image of the upper-class adolescent is non-existent, and neither the barest
trace nor suspicion is available of him as delinquent. Although the hard knot of delinquency (behavior that is apt
to try any public tolerance) is located in the bottom levels of the working class, limited studies (using selfreported techniques) have revealed delinquency throughout the class structure. But nothing is known about the
delinquency of boys who attend expensive private schools. The purpose of this paper is to study Bangladeshi
upper class adolescents’ involvement in different violent and criminal activities and their growing tendency to
commit acts of violence in high schools and the reasons behind them. This study therefore aims to provide such
data by attempting to understand the different influential factors that are closely related with the involvement of
adolescence offence in Bangladesh. This study is based on primary data of 200 upper class adolescents who are
involved in different criminal activities of Dhaka city, 40 parents, 30 secondary school teachers, 20 social
workers and on review of secondary literatures. After collecting the data they are transcribed, tabulated and
analyzed in terms of the research objectives. This study shows that parents’ detachment, low internet cost, social
media, reluctantness of law and enforcement agencies and friends’ influence play the most important role on
upper class adolescence offence. This study also recommends some ways to mitigate this problem.
KEY WORDS: adolescence, violence, social responsibility, mental health etc.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
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Strategies for enhancing healthy sexual behaviour among secondary school adolescents in nsukka education zone of enugu state nigeria
1. Journal of Education and Practice
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.4, No.25, 2013
www.iiste.org
Strategies for Enhancing Healthy Sexual Behaviour among
Secondary School Adolescents in Nsukka Education Zone of
Enugu State Nigeria
Associate. Prof. Joachim C. Omeje* , Millicient N. Ekwueme, Festus A. Ugwu
Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
*Email: joachimomeje@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract
The study investigated strategies for enhancing health sexual behaviour among secondary school adolescents in
Nsukka Education Zone of Enugu State. Two research questions and a hypothesis guided the study. The subjects
of the study was 160 secondary school adolescent students. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire.
Mean score and t-test statistics were used for data analysis. Results show that adolescents healthy sexual
behaviours would be enhanced through emulating healthy sexual behaviours of parents, not watching
pornographic films among others. The result of the study also implicated factors such as increase in the rate of
abortions among adolescent girls, increase in the spread of sexual transmitted diseases among others as
consequences of adolescents’ unhealthy sexual behaviours. The implications of the findings were highlighted
and recommendations equally made.
Keywords: Strategies, healthy, sexual behavior, adolescents
1. Introduction
In the days of our forefathers’ moral standard is a virtue which everybody quest for. Today, the moral legacy of
our forefathers has been eroded by western culture. James (2004), regretted that what we used to know about
virtue, morality and respect is fast fading away among youth (adolescents) in the society.
Adolescents are young people why are developing from childhood into adulthood, usually between the ages of
13 and 18. Adolescent as noted by Dale (2010) is a youngster, young person, a teenager. Adolescence on its own
is a period and a time in one’s life time when he or she develops from a child into an adult. Adolescence periods
is usually between the ages of 19 and 18, however the age range may vary from place to place. Goleman (2005)
is of the view that countries, cultures and tradition want what is best for their young generation and adolescence
may be viewed differently from one community or culture to the next.
The period of adolescent is exciting and bewilding. It brings lots of developmental changes and problems. Many
parents seem to be unaware of their adolescents’ emotional, physical and social needs as to appreciate the
challenge and adjustments they undergo. It is a period of stress and storm. The inability of both the adolescents
and significant adults to handle these storms lead them to either healthy or unhealthy sexual behaviours. Ibe
(2000) opined that sudden changes adolescents experience could lead to risky sexual behaviours if not well
guided by the adults.
Sexual behaviours refers to all sexual actions and responses related to pleasure seeking. Abah and Echodu (2004)
refers to it as one’s ability to experience or express sexual feelings. According to Eyo (2004) sexual behaviour
refers to the total action of individuals in handling their sexual impulses, that is the notion of expressing it as a
male or female and how to live with it.
Sexual behaviour could be healthy or unhealthy. Unhealthy sexual behavior is any sexual activity that increases
the risk of unwanted pregnancy, contracting Human Immune-Deficiency virus (HIV) or other sexually
transmitted infections (STIs). Highlightening on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy as risky sexual behaviour,
Akinyemi, (2007) says that “the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in any given society leads to high level
illiteracy”. Unhealthy sexual behaviour also includes early sexual debut, unprotected sexual activity, inconsistent
use of condoms, high risk partners or injection, drug users, sex with a person who has multiple sex partners,
survival sex, otherwise regarded as sex in exchange for money, drugs, food or shelter.
The consequence of unhealthy sexual behaviour is that it increases the likelihood of contracting sexually
transmitted infections. The risk of unplanned pregnancy also increases with frequency of non protected sexual
intercourse and in some cases even death. Any sexual behaviour that is planned, done with caution and respect
like one acted out between life partners for instance could be regarded as a healthy sexual behaviour. Wisdom
(2006) presented that high school adolescents aged between 12 and 16 are already in sexual relationship in their
effort to express sexual feelings. This is an unhealthy sexual behaviour however Essien presented also that there
was extensive sexual awareness among adolescent and that there was no difference between urban and rural
adolescents. Stressing further, Wisdom suggested some measures of enhancing healthy sexual behaviour among
secondary school adolescents such as passing relevant information on sexual issues during morning assembly,
91
2. Journal of Education and Practice
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.4, No.25, 2013
www.iiste.org
discouraging them from watching pornographic and bad films and pasting pictures on bulletin board to show the
damaging effect of unhealthy sexual behaviour. Whether these will equally fit-in within the area of the present
study need to be empirically documented
Today in our society, movies and television programmes usually lead the young minds of adolescents into
emotional state that eventually changes their behaviours into experimenting what they have watched with little or
no knowledge of the risk involved. Unhealthy as it may, not much research works bas been carried out to
enhance adolescents knowledge of healthy sexual behaviour and their concentration in pursuance of worthwhile
goal is seriously at risk. Thus the questions, what are the consequences of unhealthy sexual behaviours and what
are ways of enhancing health sexual behaviours among adolescents? Premised on this, the present study is faced
with the problem of ascertaining the strategies for enhancing healthy sexual behaviours among secondary school
adolescents in Nsukka Education Zone of Enugu State.
2. Research Questions
This study is guided by two research questions:
1. What are the consequences of adolescents’ unhealthy sexual behaviours?
2. What are the strategies for enhancing healthy sexual behaviours among adolescents?
3. Hypotheses
A hypothesis guided this study.
There is no significant difference between the mean responses of urban and rural adolescents on consequences of
unhealthy sexual behaviour.
4. Method
Descriptive survey design was employed for the study. The study was conducted in Nsukka education zone of
Enugu State. The population of the study comprised of 5,200 students, made up of all the senior secondary
school students in SS II and III (PPSMB, Nsukka education zone, 2013). Stratified random sampling was used to
select two schools from the three local government areas that made up the education zone. From these two
schools, 160 students emerged as respondents through the use of simple random sampling technique.
Instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire called Unhealthy Sexual Behaviour Questionnaire. It has
two sections with section A which sought for personal data information of the participants, while section B
which contained 12 items and built on a Likert type scale measure of five point rating responses. This section
sought for information on the consequences of adolescents unhealthy sexual behaviours and strategies for
enhancing healthy sexual behaviours among adolescents in Nsukka education zone. It has two clusters and the
face validity was determined by giving draft copies to three experts in faculty of education, University of Nigeria,
Nsukka. One expert each from measurement and evaluation guidance and counseling and educational
psychology respectively.
The reliability of the instrument was determined in a preliminary trial-testing among 30 SS II and SS III students
in Obollo-Afor Education Zone using Kuder-Richardson 21 reliability co-efficient. The Kuder-Richardson 21
was computed based on cluster A and B. The average reliability co-efficient of the internal consistency was 0.79.
Copies of the instrument were self-administered using three research assistants. Mean score was used to analyze
the research questions while the only hypothesis that guided the study was analyzed using t-test statistics.
5. Results
Mean Responses on the Consequences of Adolescents’ Unhealthy Sexual Behaviours.
From table 1, the major consequence of adolescents’ unhealthy sexual behaviours is unwanted pregnancies
among adolescents. This is because it has the highest mean (X) score of 3.78. Also other items as shown on the
table such as increase in spread of sexually transmitted disease, increase in death rates, and increase in rate of
abortion among female adolescents are all consequences of unhealthy sexual behaviour.
Mean Responses on the Strategies for Enhancing Healthy Sexual Behaviours among Adolescents.
Information from table 2 shows that all the items have a grand mean (X) score of 3.17, which is above the
acceptance cut-off point of 2.50. Conclusion drawn is that adolescents’ healthy sexual behaviours would be
enhanced through passing relevant information on sexual issues during morning assembly, emulating healthy
sexual behaviours of parents, not watching pornographic and bad films, among others.
The t-test Statistical Analysis for the Significant Differences between the Mean Ratings of Urban and
Rural Adolescents on consequences of Unhealthy Sexual Behaviours.
Data on table 3 shows the mean for urban as 2.82 and that of rural as 2.68. The data were further subjected to ttest analysis in order to ascertain whether there was any significant difference between the ratings of the two
groups. The result shows that significant difference was not found between their rating as it concerns the
92
3. Journal of Education and Practice
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.4, No.25, 2013
www.iiste.org
adolescents in urban and rural areas as regards consequences of unhealthy sexual behaviours. This conclusion
was drawn based on the result where the t- calculated (1.52) did not exceed t-critical (1.65), thereby leading to
the acceptance of the null hypothesis.
6. Discussion
The study was guided by two research questions and a hypothesis, which focused on the consequences of
unhealthy sexual behaviours among adolescents, strategies for enhancing healthy sexual behaviours among
adolescents and differences in urban and rural adolescents on what constitutes unhealthy sexual behaviours
among adolescents. Findings from the study showed that some consequences that could result from the
adolescents unhealthy sexual behaviours include unwanted pregnancies, increase in the rate of abortion among
female adolescents, increase in the spread of sexual transmitted diseases (STDs) among. This infers that reckless
sexual acts or behaviours among secondary school adolescents in Nsukka Education Zone of Enugu State is
dangerous. The finding is in line with Ibe (2000) who noted that 40-75% of adolescents who engage in unhealthy
sexual behaviour are more likely to get unwanted pregnancies.
The result of the study also indicated that the strategies for enhancing healthy sexual behaviours among
adolescents include passing relevant information on sexual issues during morning assembly, emulating healthy
sexual behaviours of their parents, including sex education in the school curriculum among others. These
strategies were accepted by the respondents in effort to address unhealthy sexual behaviours among adolescents.
Okeke (2006) state that counselors have the challenge of passing valid information to the adolescents concerning
sexual matters as these relevant information are capable of replacing adolescents misconceptions about sex.
Finally the result showed that significant difference was not found between their mean ratings as concerns rural
and urban adolescent secondary school students in Nsukka Education Zone on consequences of unhealthy
behavior.
7. Conclusion and Recommendations.
It is important to note that how adolescents adjust to sexual behaviours is important for their future. It is equally
important that parents, counsellors, teachers and care-givers adopt open discussions and education on sexual and
reproductive issues mostly for our adolescents.
The implication of the findings of this study is that parents and all those involved in education enterprise should
embrace the findings and impart appropriate sex information to the adolescents in order to discourage their
wrong conceptions about sexual matters which they got from their constant interaction with peers. This implies
that parents, teachers, care-givers and counselors even social workers have lots of roles to play so as to enhance
desirable sexual behaviours among adolescents especially in Nsukka education Zone. Equally, there was no
significant difference in mean rating of rural and urban adolescent students with regards to consequences of
unhealthy sexual behaviour. This was indicated by the result of the hypothesis that guided the study.
The present study was limited by inability of the participants to coorperate at the initial state. It was only with
much pressure and conviction that they responded to the questionnaire. Furthermore the result could have been
better different if much awareness on sexual issues were created among the adolescents before the study was
carried out. The researchers then suggest such area for further research.
Finally, in accordance with the result of the study it is recommended that media house programme be reorganized in a manner that embraces educative and moral programme for adolescents to learn healthy ways of
living. It is also recommended that a well-articulated curriculum for secondary school education be made to
focus on sexual feelings, sexual terms, sexual deviations, sexually transmitted infections and their damaging
effects.
REFERENCES
Abah, J.O. and Echodo, C.O. (2004) Patterns of sexual behaviour and use of condom among students of college
of education Osu, BenueStateUnpublished B.Ed Thesis, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Akinyemi, R. (2007). Research methodology on based violence and discrimination prevalence in
AjeromiIfelodune council area. The nation on Sunday (September, 2) P 38.
Dale, C. (2010). Sexual behaviour Washington State Department of Health.
Eyo, M. (2004). Virginity: The pride of Womanhood. KanoVidanDabino Publishers.
James (2004). Echoes of the Youth. A Maiden Publication of Zone Six-Youth Magazine St. Anthony’s Catholic
Church Uromi Edo State.
Okeke, M.N. (2006). A study of sexual problems of in-school adolescents in Owerri urban of Imo state
unpublished M.EdThesisUniversity of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Wisdom, C.M. (2006). The effect of children on parents. 2nd ed. Binghamton N. Y: Haworth Press.
93
4. Journal of Education and Practice
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.4, No.25, 2013
www.iiste.org
Joachim .C. Omeje B.E.D, M.E.D and Ph.D. (Nigeria) Associate Professor of Guidance and Counseling
University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Joachim teaches undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Educational Guidance and Counseling, Supervises
both undergraduate and postgraduate theses in the Department of Education Foundations, University of Nigeria,
Nsukka. Joachim organizes workshop, seminars and conferences, and articulates research proposals that have
funding projects, functions as a professional in education in planning, producing and or implementing
educational research projects, evaluation and book development initiatives. Joachim’s research interest spans a
wide range of Education, social and Environmental issues in the areas of Education and Development, Human
Sexuality, Counseling, Genders, Cultural Issues, Family and Adolescence.
Joachim’s Educational background is this:
University of Nigeria, Nsukka-B.E.D Guidance and Counseling 1992.
University of Nigeria, Nsukka-M.E.D Guidance and Counseling 1996
University of Nigeria, Nsukka-PhD Guidance and Counseling 2000
Petronillaand Millicientare postgraduate students in the department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of
Education University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Their research interest is in the area of adolescence development.
Tables
Table 1: Mean Responses on the Consequences of Adolescents’ Unhealthy Sexual Behaviours.
S/N
Items Description
Mean (X)
unwanted pregnancies among adolescents
1
3.78
Society disassociation with individuals that engage in unhealthy sexual behaviours
2
2.34
Development of low self-esteem in adolescents
3
2.87
Increasing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
4
3.70
increasing death rates among adolescents
5
3.17
increasing the rate of abortions among female adolescents
6
3.62
Total
19.48
Grand Mean
3.25
Table 2: Mean Responses on the Strategies for Enhancing Healthy Sexual Behaviours among Adolescents.
S/N
Items Description
Mean X
Passing relevant information on sexual issues during morning assembly
1
3.19
Adolescents emulating healthy sexual behaviours of their parents
2
3.08
Stopping adolescents from watching pornographic and bad films
3
3.42
Pasting photographs on bulletin board that show the damaging effects of unhealthy 3.06
4
sexual behaviours
Avoiding bad comments like “you prostitute” on adolescents by parents and teachers
5
2.94
Including sex education in school curriculum
6
3.30
Total
18.99
Grand mean
3.17
Table 3: The t-test Statistical Analysis for the Significant Differences between the Mean Ratings of Urban
and Rural Adolescents on consequences of Unhealthy Sexual Behaviours.
Group
X
SD
No
df
t-cal
t-crit
Level
Decision
Urban
2.82
1.1291
141
298
152
1.65
0.05
Accepted
Rural
2.68
1.1531
159
94
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