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Staphylococcus
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- 2. Gram stain -Microscopy
- 3. What is thelikely organism? Staphylococcus
- 4. Important Species Coagulase positive •Staphylococcus aureus • Human pathogen Coagulase negative • Staphylococcus epidermidis • Normal flora, disease under special circumstances • Staphylococcus saprophyticus • UTI in young females
- 5. What is theshape of the colony? Grape like/ cluster like
- 6. Features • Aerobic • Facultativeanaerobic • Catalase positive • Non motile • Non sporulating • Pigment – white, golden yellow • Grow readily on standard lab. Media- blood agar • Optochin resistant
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- 15. What are thevirulence factors? Cell wall • Peptidoglycan • Teichoic acid Cell surface proteins • Protein A • Coagulase Enzymes • Hyaluronidase • DNAse • Haemoxylin and leucocidin • Catalase • Lipase Toxins • Toxin shock syndrome • Enterotoxin • Exofoliative toxin
- 16. Infections Invasive infections Local Disseminated Toxin mediatedinfections Toxic shock syndrome Food poisoning Scalded skin syndrome
- 17. Local infections • Folliculitis •Furuncle • Carbuncle • Abscess • Impetigo • Cellulitis
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- 27. Disseminated Infections • Septicaemia •Osteomyelitis – most common cause • Meningitis • Pneumonia • Endocarditis • Pyelonephritis
- 28. Toxin-mediated • Toxic shocksyndrome • Food poisoning • Scalded skin syndrome
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- 31. Risk factors • Viralupper respiratory tract infection (Influenza) • Skin disease • Neoplasia • Diabetes • Foreign body • Liver disease • Renal failure • Trauma • Broad spectrum antibiotic use
- 32. Antibiotics 1st line • Cloxacillin •Flucloxacillin / methicillin / nafcillin • Erthromycin/ gentamicin/ cotrimazole 2nd line • Fusidic acid/ rifampicin/ clindamycin • Quinolones - ciprofloxacin • Aminoglycosides – amikacin/ netimycin • Vancomycin - MRSA
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