Scabies is a superficial epidermal infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis.
Etiologic Agent:
S. scabiei var. hominis. Thrive and multiply only on human skin, i.e., obligate human parasite.
Transmission
Skin-to-skin contact
Fomites: Mites can remain alive for >2 days on clothing or in bedding; hence, scabies can be acquired without skin-to-skin contact.
intimate personal contact, such as having sexual intercourse
Scabietic (Scabious) Nodule:Inflammatory papule or nodule ;burrow sometimes seen on the surface of a very early lesion.• Distribution : Areola, axillae, scrotum, penis.
Scabies is a superficial epidermal infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis.
Etiologic Agent:
S. scabiei var. hominis. Thrive and multiply only on human skin, i.e., obligate human parasite.
Transmission
Skin-to-skin contact
Fomites: Mites can remain alive for >2 days on clothing or in bedding; hence, scabies can be acquired without skin-to-skin contact.
intimate personal contact, such as having sexual intercourse
Scabietic (Scabious) Nodule:Inflammatory papule or nodule ;burrow sometimes seen on the surface of a very early lesion.• Distribution : Areola, axillae, scrotum, penis.
This is a seminar conducted by 4th year medical student under supervision of a lecturer. Sorry for not attaching the references.
Information were from few textbooks, google and also from previous dermatology posting group's seminar.
This presentation contains the Definition of Eczema, Histology ,Classification ,Clinical manifestation, Differential Diagnosis, Complication, Investigation ,Treatment. it covers briefly the topic related with eczema so the reader will be able to study all aspects related with eczema
This is a seminar conducted by 4th year medical student under supervision of a lecturer. Sorry for not attaching the references.
Information were from few textbooks, google and also from previous dermatology posting group's seminar.
This presentation contains the Definition of Eczema, Histology ,Classification ,Clinical manifestation, Differential Diagnosis, Complication, Investigation ,Treatment. it covers briefly the topic related with eczema so the reader will be able to study all aspects related with eczema
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
A brief explanation of a very common skin condition called warts. The presentation explains the types, morphology, pathogenesis and treatment of viral warts. Information taken from renowned dermatology books to assist students to prepare for USMLE, MRCP and post graduate MCPS and FCPS exams. Very beneficial for medical students, dermatologists, nurses and doctors.
The two terms refer to similar concepts, the main difference being when temperature changes; volumes
will change, but mass remains the same. Under most physiological conditions temperature is fairly
constant and the two are very similar however, osmolality is the preferred term
What Do You Get in Dementia? (Clinical features)Kavya Liyanage
Dementia is a condition where your memory, intellect, personality get impaired, without impairment of consciousness. forgetting recent things is the most common feature of dementia, which may progress eventually into forgetting long term memory as well. In this presentation, clinical features of dementia is explored.
Polio mainly affects children
Polio is eradicated 99% globally
South Asian region declared to be polio-free since 2014
Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria could never stop polio transmission
Unlike most diseases, polio can be eradicated with vaccination
Vaccines are cheap and effective
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, which is more common in elderly obese women. This has different aetiologies, but the ultimate biological, morphological and clinical outcomes are the same. This affects not only the articular cartilage, but also the entire joint. Articular cartilage degenerates eventually. This condition can be managed with physical, medical and surgical strategies.
Health Related Issues among the Children in an Orphanage and Suggestions to I...Kavya Liyanage
Health Related Issues among the Children in an Orphanage and Suggestions to Improve
Physical Health Issues
Psychological Issues
Nutritional Issues
Environmental Issues
Social Issues
Inhalation of fungal spores
Found in pigeon droppings, soil
Cryptococcus neoformans
Negatively stained
Budding yeast cells
With a large translucent zone around the yeast
Adenovirus belongs to the family Adenoviridae
This is a double stranded DNA virus
Does not possess an envelope
Adenovirus is icosahedral in shape
Thus not easily destroyed
It’s name is given as this virus is first isolated from the add noise
But this virus can affect several systems and cause several illnesses
Adenovirus affects respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, genitourinary system and the eye
So this virus has many serotypes
Coagulase positive
Staphylococcus aureus
Human pathogen
Coagulase negative
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Normal flora, disease under special circumstances
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
UTI in young females
Aerobic
Facultative anaerobic
Catalase positive
Non motile
Non sporulating
Pigment – white, golden yellow
Intestinal nematode
Most common childhood helminth infection in the developed world
Humans are the only host
No multiplication inside the body
Natural habitat – caecum, appendix and adjacent ascending colon
No soil development phase
No commercially available malaria vaccine at the present time.
RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine candidate against malaria.
Commonest infectious disease in the tropics
200 millions per year affected with malaria
3 millions per year die due to malaria
Secretions produced by the glands of vaginal wall and cervix that drain from the vaginal opening.
Vaginal discharge is a common presentation of women to the STI clinic
Can be physiological or pathological
Related with some common STIs
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
10. z
About scabies
Worldwide distribution
In all socio-economic classes
Contagious ectoparasitic infestation
Affects only man
Obligate human parasite
11. z
Zoonotic scabies
Seen in dogs, cats, horses etc
Rarely transmitted to humans
Can be differentiated from human scabies by
- distribution of the rash
- absence of borrows in hand
13. z
Life cycle
Female mite mates with female mite in the burrow.
Female mite lays eggs and faeces in the burrows
Eggs hatch
Larvae are released
They come out of the burrow, on to the skin surface
Then forms new moulting pouches upto straitum corneum
Larvae moults Into nymph
The live in molting pouches and become adults
Female remains in the burrow, while the male go out
16. z
Skin Burrows
Visible torturous sepentine like lines over the skin
The mite digs into the superfial skin and reside there
Never go beyond striatum corneum
Mainly at night
17. z
Pathogenesis
Adult mite, eggs, faeces in skin burrows trigger host
immune system.
Local itching, scratching, vesicles become
pustules, generalised itching, hypersensitivity
Larvae on skin can be transmitted to another
person by direct or indirect contact
18. z
Preferred body sites
Areas that are thin and
wrinkled
Finger webs
Wrist
Elbow, knee
Axilla, scrotum
Breast , nipple
Buttocks
Feet
Around umbilicus
21. z
Other types of scabies
Neonatal scabies
Crusted scabies in the immunocompromised
22. z
Crusted scabies
Seen in the immunocompromised
Also called Norwegian scabies
No burrows
Profuse crushing, hyperkeratotic plaques
Severe from of scabies
A large number of mites present on skin surface
23. z
Neonatal scabies
Over the first year
Buttocks, perineum common
Burrows impossible to find
2ry pustules, pyoderma