This document discusses standardized and non-standardized tests. Standardized tests are administered and scored in a consistent manner to all test takers. They are developed by test specialists and allow for comparison of performance between individuals. Non-standardized tests focus on a student's attainment at a point in time and are often teacher-made. The document outlines key characteristics of good tests such as reliability, validity, cost, time, acceptability, objectivity, and usability. It also discusses norms, which provide a standard of comparison for test results.
Topic: Norm Referenced and Criterion Referenced
Student Name: Madiha Shahid
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
A non standardized test is one that is not given to people initially to standardize it
Allows for an assessment of an individual's abilities or performances, but doesn't allow for a fair comparison of one student to another
Selection and organization of learning experienceNursing Path
Curriculum is the educational design of learning experiences for the students. Curricular experiences include course content as well as learning activities. The selection and organization of curricular experiences must also reflect the philosophy of the school. The identifying and organizing of curricular experiences begins with the analysis of curriculum objectives. The most commonly used approach in selecting learning experiences is the logical approach in which the process is treated as content in curriculum development.
This includes the process how you can construct a test for academic achievement of the students. Characteristics, principles, types, steps all are discussed here. Calculation of weightage and difficulty level and also making of blue print is also included.
Topic: Essay Type Test
Student Name: Shakti Lal
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Norm Referenced and Criterion Referenced
Student Name: Madiha Shahid
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
A non standardized test is one that is not given to people initially to standardize it
Allows for an assessment of an individual's abilities or performances, but doesn't allow for a fair comparison of one student to another
Selection and organization of learning experienceNursing Path
Curriculum is the educational design of learning experiences for the students. Curricular experiences include course content as well as learning activities. The selection and organization of curricular experiences must also reflect the philosophy of the school. The identifying and organizing of curricular experiences begins with the analysis of curriculum objectives. The most commonly used approach in selecting learning experiences is the logical approach in which the process is treated as content in curriculum development.
This includes the process how you can construct a test for academic achievement of the students. Characteristics, principles, types, steps all are discussed here. Calculation of weightage and difficulty level and also making of blue print is also included.
Topic: Essay Type Test
Student Name: Shakti Lal
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Assessment and evaluation- A new perspective
Unit 2- Tests and its Application
Syllabus of Unit 2
Testing- Concept and Nature
Developing and Administering Teacher Developed Tests
Characteristics of a good Test
Standardization of Test
Types of Tests- Psychological Test, Reference Test, Diagnostic Tests
2.2.1. Introduction-
Teachers construct various tools for the assessment of various traits of their students.
The most commonly used tools constructed by a teacher are the achievement tests. The achievement tests are constructed as per the requirement of a particular class and subject area they teach.
Besides achievement tests, for the assessment of the traits, a teacher observes his students in a classroom, playground and during other co-curricular activities in the school. The social and emotional behavior is also observed by the teacher. All these traits are assessed. For this purpose too, tools like rating scales are constructed.
Evaluation Tools used by the teacher may both be standardized and non-standardised.
A standardized tool is one which got systematically developed norms for a population. It is one in which the procedure, apparatus and scoring have been fixed so that precisely the same test can be given at different time and place as long as it pertains to a similar type of population. The standardized tools are used in order to:
Compare achievements of different skills in different areas
Make comparison between different classes and schools They have norms for the particular population. They are norm referenced.
On the other hand, teachers make tests as per the requirements of a particular class and the subject area they teach. Hence, they are purposive and criterion referenced. They want:
to assess how well students have mastered a unit of instruction;
to determine the extent to which objectives have been achieved;
to determine the basis for assigning course marks and find out how effective their teaching has been.
So our syllabus here revolves around the Tests.
2.2.2- Developing and Administering Teacher Developed Tests-
2.2.3-CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD MEASURING INSTRUMENT -
1. VALIDITY-
Any measuring instruments must fulfill certain conditions. This is true in all spheres, including educational evaluation.
Test validity refers to the degree to which a test accurately measures what it claims to measure. It is a critical concept in the field of psychometrics and is essential for ensuring that a test is meaningful and useful for its intended purpose. It is the test is meant to examine the understanding of scientific concept; it should do only that and should not be attended for other abilities such as his style of presentation, sentence patterns or grammatical construction. Validity is specific rather than general criterion of a good test. Validity is a matter of degree. It may be high, moderate or low.
There are several types of validity, each addressing different aspects of the testing process:
1. Face-validity, 2.Content
Assessment techniques, etiquette, ways and how to do it in home business rtfcccvvvvvv and ghhh to the open position for new teachers in the school and school 🚸 and I have been working on 3 4 for a long time and I am very proud of them when I
How can you construct an Achievement test. You can take help of this ppt to learn this. In this ppt the we talk about Functions, characteristics and type of tests we can make.
We will explore how assessment goes beyond being a mere measuring process, influencing teaching, student motivation, and the overall quality of learning.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. INTRODUCTION
Education aims at the all-round development of a
student not merely imparting knowledge to
him. Evaluation is the process of judging the value
or worth of an individual’s achievements or
characteristics.
It is the judging of the goals attained by the
educational system. In order to evaluate the
student knowledge teacher uses different types of
tests.
4. Meaning
Standardization means uniformity of procedure in scoring,
administering and interpreting the result.
standardized tests and scales that have met the criteria of
testing.
This means that they have been used in a sufficiently larger
number of cases to make it possible to determine their
validity, reliability , objectivity and administratability.
5. A standardized test is a test that is administered and
scored in a consistent, or "standard", manner.
Any test in which the same test is given in the same
manner to all test takers, and graded in the same
manner for everyone, is a standardized test. It is
developed by test specialist.
6. A standardized test is any form of test that (1) requires
all test takers to answer the same questions, or a
selection of questions from common bank of
questions, in the same way, and that (2) is scored in a
“standard” or consistent manner, which makes it
possible to compare the relative performance of
individual students or groups of students.
7. While different types of tests and assessments may be
“standardized” in this way, the term is primarily
associated with large-scale tests administered to large
populations of students, such as a multiple-choice test
given to all the eighth-grade public-school students in
a particular state.
8. In addition to the familiar multiple-choice format,
standardized tests can include true-false questions,
short-answer questions, essay questions, or a mix of
question types. While standardized tests were
traditionally presented on paper and completed using
pencils, and many still are, they are increasingly being
administered on computers connected to online
programs.
9. While standardized tests may come in a variety of
forms, multiple-choice and true-false formats are
widely used for large-scale testing situations because
computers can score them quickly, consistently, and
inexpensively.
Eg: NCLEX (National Council Licensure
Examination) is a nationwide examination for
the licensing of nurses in the United States and Canada
SAT(Scholastic Assessment Test)
10. NON-STANDARDISED TESTS
A systematic procedure for determining the amount a
student has learned through instruction.
” The NON-STANDARDISED TESTS focus upon
an examinees' attainment at a given point of time”.
Basically teacher made tests are used to evaluate the
progress of the students in school. However , the
specific use of tests may vary from school to school
and teacher or teacher.
11. A non-standardized test is one that allows for an
assessment of an individual's abilities or performances,
but doesn't allow for a fair comparison of one student to
another.
• The test results can be used for students, teachers,
and for other administrative purposes.
These tests are very simple to use.
Easy for the students.
Teachers can assess the strengths and weaknesses of
students.
12. Teachers can understand the need for re- teaching
concepts and can decide remedial instruction.
Teacher made tests devised by the teachers is to meet
their various needs and directives.
Tests are not so carefully and scientifically prepared
The items of teacher made tests are seldom analyzed
and edited.
13. CHARACTERISTICS
RELIABILITY
Reliability is a characteristic of any test
refers to the accuracy and consistency of information obtained
in a study.
A well-developed scientific tool should give accurate results
both at present as well as over the time.
A test good reliability means that the test taker will obtain the
same test score over repeated testing as long as no other
extraneous factors have affected the score.
A good instrument will produce consistent scores. An
instrument’s reliability is estimated using a correlation
coefficient .
14. Types of Reliability
1. Test-retest reliability is a measure of reliability
obtained by administering the same test twice over a
period of time to a group of individuals. The scores from
Time 1 and Time 2 can then be correlated in order to
evaluate the test for stability over time.
2. Parallel forms reliability is a measure of reliability
obtained by administering different versions of an
assessment tool (both versions must contain items that
probe the same construct, skill, knowledge base, etc.) to
the same group of individuals. The scores from the two
versions can then be correlated in order to evaluate the
consistency of results across alternate versions.
15. 3. Inter-rater reliability is a measure of reliability
used to assess the degree to which different
judges or raters agree in their assessment
decisions. Inter-rater reliability is useful because
human observers will not necessarily interpret
answers the same way; raters may disagree as to
how well certain responses or material
demonstrate knowledge of the construct or skill
being assessed.
16. VALIDITY
The accuracy with which a test measures whatever it is
supposed to measure.
An evaluation procedure is valid to the extent that it provides
an assessment of the degree to which pupils have achieved
specific objectives , content matter and learning experiences
Validity is an important characteristic of any test. This refers to
what the test really measures. A test is valid, if it measures
what we really wish to measure.
It is a more complex concept that broadly concerns the
soundness of the study's evidence - that is whether the finding
are unbiased and well grounded.
17. Factors affecting validity
If reading vocabulary is poor, students fail to reply to
the test.
Difficult sentences make difficulty to understand.
Use of inappropriate items.
Medium of expression , English instruction difficult
for non- English medium students.
Too easy and too difficult test items would not
discriminate among pupils. Influence of extraneous
factors grammar , handwriting , legibility etc .
Time limitations.
18. Types of validity
1. Content validity: all major aspects of the content area
should be covered by the test items.
2. Predictive validity: extent to which a test can predict the
future performance of the students.
3. Concurrent validity: to diagnose the existing status of
the individual rather than predicting about the future
outcome.
4. Constructive validity: extent to which a test reflects to
measure a hypothesized trait.
5. Face validity: When one looks at the test he thinks of the
extent to which the test seems logically related to what
is being tested.
19. Cost:
A good test should be inexpensive, not only from the
view point of money but also from the view point of
time and effort taken in the construction of a test.
Fortunately there is no direct relationship between
cost and quality.
Ease in administration:
A test is good only when the conditions of answering
are simple (scientific and logical). Its instruction
should be simple and clear.
20. Time
Generally the time given to students is always in short
supply however the students too do not accept very
long tests. Therefore a test should neither be very long
nor very short.
Acceptability:
A good test should be acceptable to student to whom
its being given without regard to any specific situation
that is the question given in the test should be neither
very difficult nor very easy.
21. Specificity:
The items in a test should be specific to the objectives.
Objectivity:
The extent to which independent researchers would arrive
at similar judgements or conclusions .
i.e, judgements not biased by personal values or beliefs.
Equilibrium:
Achievement of the correct proportion among
questions allotted to each of the objectives & teaching
content.
22. Precise & clear:
Items should be precise, clear so that the students
can answer well and score marks.
USABILITY
Usefulness of an object or product
Considered as the ease of use or the extent to which a
product can be used by a specified user
In education the teacher verifies the accuracy of
information obtained about the students' performance
after administering an educational tool.
23. NORMS
Standard of comparison for test results developed by giving
the test to large well defined groups of people.