How can you construct an Achievement test. You can take help of this ppt to learn this. In this ppt the we talk about Functions, characteristics and type of tests we can make.
Topic: Subjective and Objective Test
Student Name: Jeejal Samo
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Teacher Made Test vs Standardized Test
Student Name: Kanwal Naz
Class: B.Ed 1.5
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
At the end of the session the learner will be able to:
Describe the concept of term test measurement
Objective Test, Subjective Test, Individual Test, Group Test, Unstandardized Test, Standardized Test
Purpose of test & measurement
Assessment and types of assessment
Evaluation and types of evaluation
Purpose of evaluation
Topic: Subjective and Objective Test
Student Name: Jeejal Samo
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Teacher Made Test vs Standardized Test
Student Name: Kanwal Naz
Class: B.Ed 1.5
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
At the end of the session the learner will be able to:
Describe the concept of term test measurement
Objective Test, Subjective Test, Individual Test, Group Test, Unstandardized Test, Standardized Test
Purpose of test & measurement
Assessment and types of assessment
Evaluation and types of evaluation
Purpose of evaluation
Topic: Principles of Assessment
Student Name: Syed Faizan Ali
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Norm Referenced and Criterion Referenced
Student Name: Madiha Shahid
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Principles of Assessment
Student Name: Syed Faizan Ali
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Norm Referenced and Criterion Referenced
Student Name: Madiha Shahid
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
We will explore how assessment goes beyond being a mere measuring process, influencing teaching, student motivation, and the overall quality of learning.
Assessment and evaluation- A new perspective
Unit 2- Tests and its Application
Syllabus of Unit 2
Testing- Concept and Nature
Developing and Administering Teacher Developed Tests
Characteristics of a good Test
Standardization of Test
Types of Tests- Psychological Test, Reference Test, Diagnostic Tests
2.2.1. Introduction-
Teachers construct various tools for the assessment of various traits of their students.
The most commonly used tools constructed by a teacher are the achievement tests. The achievement tests are constructed as per the requirement of a particular class and subject area they teach.
Besides achievement tests, for the assessment of the traits, a teacher observes his students in a classroom, playground and during other co-curricular activities in the school. The social and emotional behavior is also observed by the teacher. All these traits are assessed. For this purpose too, tools like rating scales are constructed.
Evaluation Tools used by the teacher may both be standardized and non-standardised.
A standardized tool is one which got systematically developed norms for a population. It is one in which the procedure, apparatus and scoring have been fixed so that precisely the same test can be given at different time and place as long as it pertains to a similar type of population. The standardized tools are used in order to:
Compare achievements of different skills in different areas
Make comparison between different classes and schools They have norms for the particular population. They are norm referenced.
On the other hand, teachers make tests as per the requirements of a particular class and the subject area they teach. Hence, they are purposive and criterion referenced. They want:
to assess how well students have mastered a unit of instruction;
to determine the extent to which objectives have been achieved;
to determine the basis for assigning course marks and find out how effective their teaching has been.
So our syllabus here revolves around the Tests.
2.2.2- Developing and Administering Teacher Developed Tests-
2.2.3-CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD MEASURING INSTRUMENT -
1. VALIDITY-
Any measuring instruments must fulfill certain conditions. This is true in all spheres, including educational evaluation.
Test validity refers to the degree to which a test accurately measures what it claims to measure. It is a critical concept in the field of psychometrics and is essential for ensuring that a test is meaningful and useful for its intended purpose. It is the test is meant to examine the understanding of scientific concept; it should do only that and should not be attended for other abilities such as his style of presentation, sentence patterns or grammatical construction. Validity is specific rather than general criterion of a good test. Validity is a matter of degree. It may be high, moderate or low.
There are several types of validity, each addressing different aspects of the testing process:
1. Face-validity, 2.Content
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2. Achievement tests
Any test that measures the
accomplishments of an individual after a
period of training or learning………….
NM Downie
The type of ability test that describes
what a person has learned to
do………Throndike and Hagen
3. Functions of achievement
test
Provides basis for promotion to next
grade.
Find out where each student stands in
various academic areas.
Motivate the students before a new
assignment has taken up.
Expose pupil’s difficulties which the
teacher can help them to solve.
4. CHARACTERISTICS OF
ACHIEVEMENT TESTS
RELIABILITY
The degree of accuracy with which an
exam, test measures, what it seeks to
measure a given variable.
A test good reliability means that the test
taker will obtain the same test score over
repeated testing as long as no other
extraneous factors have affected the score.
5. A good instrument will produce consistent
scores. An instrument’s reliability is
estimated using a correlation coefficient of
one type or another.
6. VALIDITY
Validity is the quality of a test which
measures what it is supposed to measure.
It is the degree to which evidence, common
sense, or theory supports any
interpretations or conclusions about a
student based on his/her test performance.
7. A test is valid when it
produces consistent scores over time.
measures what it intends to measure.
can be objectively scored.
has representative norms.
8. Ease in administration:
A test is good only when the conditions of
answering are simple (scientific and
logical). Its instruction should be simple
and clear.
Cost:
A good test should be in expensive, not only
from the view point of money but also from
the view point of time and effort taken in
the construction of a test. Fortunately there
is no direct relationship between cost and
9. Time
Generally the time given to students is always
in short supply however the students too do
not accept very long tests. Therefore a test
should neither be very long nor very short.
Acceptability:
A good test should be acceptable to student to
whom its being given without regard to any
specific situation that is the question given in
the test should be neither very difficult nor
very easy.
10. Objectivity:
A test is objective when the scorer’s
personal judgment doesn't affect the
scoring.
Equilibrium:
Achievement of the correct proportion
among questions allotted to each of the
objectives & teaching content.
11. Specificity:
The items in a test should be specific
to the objectives.
Precise & clear:
Items should be precise, clear so that
the students can answer well and
score marks.
13. STANDARDIZED TESTS
Standardization means uniformity of procedure in
scoring, administering and interpreting the results.
A standardized test is one in which the procedure,
apparatus, and scoring have been fixed so that
precisely the same test can be given at different
times and places. (Lee J Cronbach)
14. Standardized tool is one for which norms have
been established.
A standardized test is prepared after several
trials of a test to a large number of students.
15. CHARACTERISTICS OF
STANDARDIZED TESTS
Content is standardized- item-selection done by
competent judges
Administration is standardized- direction, time
limits.
Scoring has been standardized - rules of rules,
scoring key are prepared
Interpretation has been standardized- norms are
provided
16. IMPORTANCE OF
STANDARDIZED TESTS
Give impartial information about an individual
Provides information in much less time than provided
by any other devices.
Tests measures those aspects of behaviors which
otherwise could not be obtained.
In subjective observation we may overlook shy
children but these tests discover such cases also.
18. TEACHER MADE TEST
Teachers made tests are classroom tests and
are developed by the teachers.
These tests assess students learning every
period of time or after a particular unit of study.
19. FEATURES OF TEACHER- MADE
TEST
Assess degree of student’s progress with
reference to classroom activities.
Help the teacher to assess individual pupil’s
strengths and weaknesses and needs.
Motivate the students
Simple to use.
Provide feedback for teachers as to assess the
effectiveness of teaching methods.
20. LIMITATIONS OF TEACHER-
MADE TEST
Tests are ambiguous and unclear.
Tests are either too short or too lengthy.
Tests do not cover the entire content.
Tests serve limited purpose.
Tests are usually hurriedly conducted.
21. ELEMENTS STANDARDARIZED
TESTS
TEACHER-MADE
TEST
PURPOSE Measurement of
educational outcomes of
students of a number of
schools.
Measure the outcome
of a teacher’s teaching
or outcome of learning
in his class.
SCOPE Its scope is very wide. Its scope is limited.
ACCURACY More accurate Less accurate
REFINEMENT They are duly edited. It is crude.
NORMS Provides norms Doesn’t contain norms
22. ELEMENTS STANDARDARIZED
TESTS
TEACHER-MADE
TEST
SOURCES Uses several sources –
teachers, experts,
research workers
Based on experience of
teacher
PUBLICATION Published Not published
COVERAGE OF
CURRICULUM
Covers state or
regional curriculum
Covers small area of
curriculum.