The document discusses criterion-referenced tests (CRT) and norm-referenced tests (NRT). CRTs measure student performance against a predetermined standard or criteria, such as achieving a certain score. NRTs compare student performance to other students in a norming group. CRTs are used to assess student mastery of specific standards and guide instruction, while NRTs rank students and are used for grouping, admissions, and identifying learning disabilities. The key difference is that CRTs measure performance against a fixed standard, while NRTs measure performance relative to other students.