This document discusses standard safety measures for infection control in healthcare settings. It describes key infection control practices like hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), safe injection practices, cleaning and disinfection, waste disposal, and post-exposure prophylaxis. All patients should be treated as potentially infectious and standard precautions followed for all. Proper hand hygiene, use of appropriate PPE based on risk of exposure, safe disposal of sharps and clinical waste, and cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and equipment are essential practices to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens like HIV.
Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.
Standard safety precautions are the basic infection prevention and control measures necessary to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agent from both unrecognized and unrecognized sources of infection.
The elements of Standard Precautions include:
Hand hygiene.
Use of gloves and other barriers (e.g., mask, eye protection, face shield, gown).
Handling of patient care equipment and linen.
Environmental control.
Prevention of injury from sharps devices, and patient placement.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
Therapeutic environment can be defined as the total of all external conditions and influences affecting an individual in the illness situation.Infection prevention in the operating room is achieved through prudent use of aseptic techniques in order to prevent contamination of the open wound.
Isolate the operating site from the surrounding unsterile physical environment.
Create and maintain a sterile field in which surgery can be performed safely.
NURSES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS. THEREFORE, IT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT BLOOD, IT'S COMPONENTS, AND PRE-INTRA-POST TRANSFUSION RESPONSIBILITY.
Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.
Standard safety precautions are the basic infection prevention and control measures necessary to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agent from both unrecognized and unrecognized sources of infection.
The elements of Standard Precautions include:
Hand hygiene.
Use of gloves and other barriers (e.g., mask, eye protection, face shield, gown).
Handling of patient care equipment and linen.
Environmental control.
Prevention of injury from sharps devices, and patient placement.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
Therapeutic environment can be defined as the total of all external conditions and influences affecting an individual in the illness situation.Infection prevention in the operating room is achieved through prudent use of aseptic techniques in order to prevent contamination of the open wound.
Isolate the operating site from the surrounding unsterile physical environment.
Create and maintain a sterile field in which surgery can be performed safely.
NURSES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS. THEREFORE, IT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT BLOOD, IT'S COMPONENTS, AND PRE-INTRA-POST TRANSFUSION RESPONSIBILITY.
The nursing technique by which a patient with an infectious disease is prevented from infecting other people is called barrier nursing.Hand hygiene is the simplest, most effective measure for infection control.Contact Precautions
Airborne Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Three more elements have been added to standard precautions. They are:
4.1 Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
4.2 Safe injection practices
4.3Use of masks for insertion of catheters or injection into spinal or epidural areas
The Ebola epidemic which has no existing cure warrants a unique approach from medicine; barrier nursing which emphasises control and prevention of further infection. For now, this method should be considered to gain control over the outbreak.
Hospital infection control programs can help healthcare organizations monitor and improve practices, identify risks and proactively establish policies to prevent the spread of infections
Prevention of Accidents in An Operation Theatre-NURSINGMariaKuriakose5
This is a PowerPoint made to explain various hazards in an operation theater and with its preventive measures.This will hepl the nursing students to go through the important points rather than going into deep studies.
This PPT is for the all the nursing staff and student working at clinical sided to control infection, maintain aseptic technique while doing procedure and compulsory use the PPE.
This lesson will help the nursing students to learn and know the nursing records and reports and responsibility of the nurse in maintaining nursing records and reports in various health settings.
The nursing technique by which a patient with an infectious disease is prevented from infecting other people is called barrier nursing.Hand hygiene is the simplest, most effective measure for infection control.Contact Precautions
Airborne Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Three more elements have been added to standard precautions. They are:
4.1 Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
4.2 Safe injection practices
4.3Use of masks for insertion of catheters or injection into spinal or epidural areas
The Ebola epidemic which has no existing cure warrants a unique approach from medicine; barrier nursing which emphasises control and prevention of further infection. For now, this method should be considered to gain control over the outbreak.
Hospital infection control programs can help healthcare organizations monitor and improve practices, identify risks and proactively establish policies to prevent the spread of infections
Prevention of Accidents in An Operation Theatre-NURSINGMariaKuriakose5
This is a PowerPoint made to explain various hazards in an operation theater and with its preventive measures.This will hepl the nursing students to go through the important points rather than going into deep studies.
This PPT is for the all the nursing staff and student working at clinical sided to control infection, maintain aseptic technique while doing procedure and compulsory use the PPE.
This lesson will help the nursing students to learn and know the nursing records and reports and responsibility of the nurse in maintaining nursing records and reports in various health settings.
Dr. Prince is an experienced Microbiology teacher with 24 years of experience in teaching various medical and paramedical students.
This ppt explains the types of hospital acquired infection and their control methods.
updated guidelines of hospital infection control, as mentioned in the ppt. its not all the guidelines but yes a brief overview and for further details refer to hospital infection control guidelines pdf.which is available in my uploads.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
4. INTRODUCTION
Standard safety measures are a set of infection control
practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be
acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin
(including rashes), and mucous membranes. These measures
are to be used when providing care to all individuals, whether
or not they appear infectious or symptomatic.
To reduce the risk of disease transmission Because we can not
visually identify whether patients are infectious or not . so
Standard Safety measures Procedures and work practices is
used to
5. Standard safety measures are,
Hand Hygiene
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Needle stick and Sharps Injury Prevention
Cleaning and Disinfection
Respiratory Hygiene
Waste Disposal
Safe Injection Practices
6.
7. Basic Principles of Infection Control
All patients are potentially infectious .
Follow Standard Precautions for ALL patients .
Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is based on
risk of the procedure .
8. 1.Hand Hygiene
Hand hygiene is a way of cleaning once hands
that substantially reduces potential pathogens
(harmful microorganisms) on the hands. Hand
hygiene is considered a primary measure for
reducing the risk of transmitting infection among
patients and health care personnel.
9.
10. Kye points For All Types of Hand Hygiene
• Keep nails short
(1-2 mm)
• Do not wear nail polish
• Remove jewellery, bracelets, wrist watches
• Do not dry hands on clothes/uniforms after hand washing
11.
12.
13. PPE
• PPE stands for personal protective equipment.
Definition of PPE according to OSHA (Occupational
Safety and Health Administration)-“PPE is specialized
clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for
protection against infectious materials.”
• List of PPE
• Shoe cover/Leggings
• Gown
• Cap
• Mask
• Goggles
• Gloves
14. Dos and Don'ts for Use of PPE
• Do…
– Use PPE based on risk of the procedure
– Change PPE completely after each procedure
– Discard the used PPE in appropriate disposal bags,
– Dispose PPE as per the policy of the hospital
– Always wash hands after removing PPE
– Educate and train all junior and auxiliary staff in the use of PPE
15. • Don‘t…
– Share PPE
– Use same gloves between patients
– Reuse disposable gloves, eyewear, masks
– Use eye wear that restricts your vision
– Use masks when wet
16. Disinfection and Sterilisation
• Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living
objects to destroy microorganisms. The process of killing the microbes is
called disinfection. It may be defined as “cleaning of an article of some
or all of the pathogenic organisms that cause infection”
• Sterilization refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all
forms of life (in particular referring to microorganisms such as fungi,
bacteria, viruses, spores, unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as
Plasmodium, etc.) and other biological agents like prions present in a
specific surface, object or fluid, for example food or biological culture
media. Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including
heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration.
17. Agents Used in Disinfection
EFFECTIVE against HIV:
• Household bleach /
sodium hypochlorite
• Chlorhexidine 2-4%
• Glutaraldehyde 2%
• Iso Propyl Alchohol(IPA),
• Ethanol 70%
• Formalin 4%
• Povidone iodine 2%
INEFFECTIVE
against HIV:
• Savlon - poor
effect
• Dettol solution -
no effect
• Lysol – poor
effect
18. Nurse’s Role Disinfection and Sterilization
• Prepare bleach solution every day
• Keep a separate area for disinfection of patient care items
• Disinfect all patient care equipment contaminated with body fluids
or secretions
• Maintain separate personal care items for patients e.g. razors,
toothbrushes
• Clean daily, surfaces in close proximity to patient (bed side rails,
tables)
• Disinfect all reusable articles before sending for sterilization
• Clean all patient area and the unit thoroughly on discharge
19.
20. Nurse’s Role:Waste management
• Be up-to-date on infection control practices
• Segregate hospital wastes appropriately
• Teach, train and supervise junior staff/students and
cleaning & other staff in the ward with regard to waste
segregation and disposal
• Educate patients and family members about waste
management
21. Standard Precautions: Blood Borne
Prevent Accidents with Sharps
– Needle destroyer / burner / cutter
– Disposal of sharps into the appropriate bin
22. Safety of instruments
How will you ensure the safety of instruments you
would use?
• First choice, use disposable needles
• Never reuse a disposable needle or instrument
• Safely dispose all sharps (needles, lancets,scalpels) after use
• Disinfect reusable needles/syringes/instruments with
Hypochlorite first, then sterilize by Autoclaving or boiling
before re-use.
23. Nurse’s Role: Reduce Risk of Sharp Injuries
• Do’s
– Use needle cutter/destroyer
– Separate sharps from other
waste
– Use rigid, puncture proof
disposal bins
– Empty sharps containers
when they are ¾ full
Don’ts
• Handle, empty,
or transfer used
sharps between
containers
• Do not recap
sharps before
disposal
24. Which Body Fluids have Risk of HIV transmission ?
Considered “At Risk”
• Blood
• Semen
• Breast milk
• Vaginal secretions
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Synovial, Pleural, Pericardial, Peritoneal
fluids
• Amniotic fluid
• Other body fluids visibly contaminated
with blood
Considered “Not At
Risk”
• Tears
• Sweat
• Urine and faeces
• Saliva
• Unless they
contain visible
blood .
25. Factors that Influence Risk for Acquiring HIV
• Type and efficacy of exposure
– Depth of injury
– Size and type of needle
– Amount of blood
• HIV status of source
• Amount of virus present in the contaminated fluid
• Types of procedures that carry a higher risk of
transmission:
–Procedures involving a needle placed in artery or vein
–Use of invasive devices visibly contaminated with blood
26. Protect your self
• Take three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. It gives you life
long protection
• Take measures to prevent accidents
• Take Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in the event of any
occupational exposure
• Follow standard precautions at all times
27.
28. CONCLUSION
Infection control needs to include education of patients,
their caretakers, and health care personnel about good
preventive measures.
29. BLIBIOGRAPHY
• Dutta DC.Text book of obstetrics including perinatal and
contraception central publication 7th edition jaypee
brothers medical publishers (p)LTD New delhi, pg no-301
• Jacob annama,text book of comprehensive text book of
midwify and gynecology nursing jaypee publication3rd
edition jaypee brothers medical publishers (p)LTD New
delhi, pg no-564
• Nancy sr.principles and pratice of nursing 6th edition N.R.
brothers M.Y.H rosd,indore,page no.- 113-121
• https://www.bing.com
• https://www.slideshare.net/jenetdaniel/standard-safety-
