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Standard safety measures
- 2. NAME –BISHNUPRIYA LENKA M.SCNURSING 2nd YEAR KINS,KIIT UNIVERSITY
- 4. INTRODUCTION Standard safety measuresare a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes. These measures are to be used when providing care to all individuals, whether or not they appear infectious or symptomatic. To reduce the risk of disease transmission Because we can not visually identify whether patients are infectious or not . so Standard Safety measures Procedures and work practices is used to
- 5. Standard safety measuresare, Hand Hygiene Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Needle stick and Sharps Injury Prevention Cleaning and Disinfection Respiratory Hygiene Waste Disposal Safe Injection Practices
- 7. Basic Principles ofInfection Control All patients are potentially infectious . Follow Standard Precautions for ALL patients . Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is based on risk of the procedure .
- 8. 1.Hand Hygiene Hand hygieneis a way of cleaning once hands that substantially reduces potential pathogens (harmful microorganisms) on the hands. Hand hygiene is considered a primary measure for reducing the risk of transmitting infection among patients and health care personnel.
- 10. Kye points ForAll Types of Hand Hygiene • Keep nails short (1-2 mm) • Do not wear nail polish • Remove jewellery, bracelets, wrist watches • Do not dry hands on clothes/uniforms after hand washing
- 13. PPE • PPE standsfor personal protective equipment. Definition of PPE according to OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)-“PPE is specialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials.” • List of PPE • Shoe cover/Leggings • Gown • Cap • Mask • Goggles • Gloves
- 14. Dos and Don'tsfor Use of PPE • Do… – Use PPE based on risk of the procedure – Change PPE completely after each procedure – Discard the used PPE in appropriate disposal bags, – Dispose PPE as per the policy of the hospital – Always wash hands after removing PPE – Educate and train all junior and auxiliary staff in the use of PPE
- 15. • Don‘t… – SharePPE – Use same gloves between patients – Reuse disposable gloves, eyewear, masks – Use eye wear that restricts your vision – Use masks when wet
- 16. Disinfection and Sterilisation •Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living objects to destroy microorganisms. The process of killing the microbes is called disinfection. It may be defined as “cleaning of an article of some or all of the pathogenic organisms that cause infection” • Sterilization refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (in particular referring to microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, spores, unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as Plasmodium, etc.) and other biological agents like prions present in a specific surface, object or fluid, for example food or biological culture media. Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration.
- 17. Agents Used inDisinfection EFFECTIVE against HIV: • Household bleach / sodium hypochlorite • Chlorhexidine 2-4% • Glutaraldehyde 2% • Iso Propyl Alchohol(IPA), • Ethanol 70% • Formalin 4% • Povidone iodine 2% INEFFECTIVE against HIV: • Savlon - poor effect • Dettol solution - no effect • Lysol – poor effect
- 18. Nurse’s Role Disinfectionand Sterilization • Prepare bleach solution every day • Keep a separate area for disinfection of patient care items • Disinfect all patient care equipment contaminated with body fluids or secretions • Maintain separate personal care items for patients e.g. razors, toothbrushes • Clean daily, surfaces in close proximity to patient (bed side rails, tables) • Disinfect all reusable articles before sending for sterilization • Clean all patient area and the unit thoroughly on discharge
- 20. Nurse’s Role:Waste management •Be up-to-date on infection control practices • Segregate hospital wastes appropriately • Teach, train and supervise junior staff/students and cleaning & other staff in the ward with regard to waste segregation and disposal • Educate patients and family members about waste management
- 21. Standard Precautions: BloodBorne Prevent Accidents with Sharps – Needle destroyer / burner / cutter – Disposal of sharps into the appropriate bin
- 22. Safety of instruments Howwill you ensure the safety of instruments you would use? • First choice, use disposable needles • Never reuse a disposable needle or instrument • Safely dispose all sharps (needles, lancets,scalpels) after use • Disinfect reusable needles/syringes/instruments with Hypochlorite first, then sterilize by Autoclaving or boiling before re-use.
- 23. Nurse’s Role: ReduceRisk of Sharp Injuries • Do’s – Use needle cutter/destroyer – Separate sharps from other waste – Use rigid, puncture proof disposal bins – Empty sharps containers when they are ¾ full Don’ts • Handle, empty, or transfer used sharps between containers • Do not recap sharps before disposal
- 24. Which Body Fluidshave Risk of HIV transmission ? Considered “At Risk” • Blood • Semen • Breast milk • Vaginal secretions • Cerebrospinal fluid • Synovial, Pleural, Pericardial, Peritoneal fluids • Amniotic fluid • Other body fluids visibly contaminated with blood Considered “Not At Risk” • Tears • Sweat • Urine and faeces • Saliva • Unless they contain visible blood .
- 25. Factors that InfluenceRisk for Acquiring HIV • Type and efficacy of exposure – Depth of injury – Size and type of needle – Amount of blood • HIV status of source • Amount of virus present in the contaminated fluid • Types of procedures that carry a higher risk of transmission: –Procedures involving a needle placed in artery or vein –Use of invasive devices visibly contaminated with blood
- 26. Protect your self •Take three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. It gives you life long protection • Take measures to prevent accidents • Take Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in the event of any occupational exposure • Follow standard precautions at all times
- 28. CONCLUSION Infection control needsto include education of patients, their caretakers, and health care personnel about good preventive measures.
- 29. BLIBIOGRAPHY • Dutta DC.Textbook of obstetrics including perinatal and contraception central publication 7th edition jaypee brothers medical publishers (p)LTD New delhi, pg no-301 • Jacob annama,text book of comprehensive text book of midwify and gynecology nursing jaypee publication3rd edition jaypee brothers medical publishers (p)LTD New delhi, pg no-564 • Nancy sr.principles and pratice of nursing 6th edition N.R. brothers M.Y.H rosd,indore,page no.- 113-121 • https://www.bing.com • https://www.slideshare.net/jenetdaniel/standard-safety-