The nursing technique by which a patient with an infectious disease is prevented from infecting other people is called barrier nursing.Hand hygiene is the simplest, most effective measure for infection control.Contact Precautions
Airborne Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Three more elements have been added to standard precautions. They are:
4.1 Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
4.2 Safe injection practices
4.3Use of masks for insertion of catheters or injection into spinal or epidural areas
Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.
Standard safety precautions are the basic infection prevention and control measures necessary to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agent from both unrecognized and unrecognized sources of infection.
The elements of Standard Precautions include:
Hand hygiene.
Use of gloves and other barriers (e.g., mask, eye protection, face shield, gown).
Handling of patient care equipment and linen.
Environmental control.
Prevention of injury from sharps devices, and patient placement.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
The nursing technique by which a patient with an infectious disease is prevented from infecting other people is called barrier nursing.Hand hygiene is the simplest, most effective measure for infection control.Contact Precautions
Airborne Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Three more elements have been added to standard precautions. They are:
4.1 Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
4.2 Safe injection practices
4.3Use of masks for insertion of catheters or injection into spinal or epidural areas
Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.
Standard safety precautions are the basic infection prevention and control measures necessary to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agent from both unrecognized and unrecognized sources of infection.
The elements of Standard Precautions include:
Hand hygiene.
Use of gloves and other barriers (e.g., mask, eye protection, face shield, gown).
Handling of patient care equipment and linen.
Environmental control.
Prevention of injury from sharps devices, and patient placement.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
Barrier technique personal protective equipment [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for appropriate use of personal protective equipment Barrier technique personal protective equipment
Dr. Nahla Abdel Kader.MD, PhD. Infection Control Consultant, MOH Infection Control Surveyor, CBAHI Infection Control Director,KKH.
Universal precautions are defined as simple infection prevention control measures that reduces the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood and body fluids among patients and health care workers
The Ebola epidemic which has no existing cure warrants a unique approach from medicine; barrier nursing which emphasises control and prevention of further infection. For now, this method should be considered to gain control over the outbreak.
Barrier technique personal protective equipment [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for appropriate use of personal protective equipment Barrier technique personal protective equipment
Dr. Nahla Abdel Kader.MD, PhD. Infection Control Consultant, MOH Infection Control Surveyor, CBAHI Infection Control Director,KKH.
Universal precautions are defined as simple infection prevention control measures that reduces the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood and body fluids among patients and health care workers
The Ebola epidemic which has no existing cure warrants a unique approach from medicine; barrier nursing which emphasises control and prevention of further infection. For now, this method should be considered to gain control over the outbreak.
A. Standard Precautions-Standard precautions are to be followed for all patients, irrespective of their infection status.
These are to be used to avoid contact with blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions regardless of whether contaminated grossly with blood or not; non intact skin; and mucous membrane.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients
Infection control measure to be undertaken by hospital- Use standard precaution for the care of all patients.
This general mandate is necessary because it is sometimes not known if the patient is colonized or infected with certain pathogenic microorganisms.
Barrier precautions reduce the need to handle sharps.
B. Transmission Precautions- The second tier condenses the disease-specific and categories approach to isolation into new transmission categories to be taken based on the route of transmission of organisms like contact precautions, airborne precautions, etc.
These precautions are designed for specific patients with highly transmissible pathogens
La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) constituye un importante problema de salud pública, tanto por su elevada incidencia y prevalencia como por su elevada morbimortalidad y coste socioeconómicos
La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) constituye un importante problema de salud pública, tanto por su elevada incidencia y prevalencia como por su elevada morbimortalidad y coste socioeconómicos.
Total body sodium is the major determinant of extracellular
fluid volume. Increased total body sodium and fluid volume
is an inevitable consequence of end-stage renal failure
because kidneys have a key role in the regulation of sodium
balance
Establishing and maintaining normal extracellular volume (ECV) is required to achieve normotension. The achievement of an optimal fluid status, as expressed by "dry weight" (DW), should allow for controlling blood pressure (BP) in the large majority of HD patients
La terapia de reemplazo renal abarca el tratamiento de soporte para la insuficiencia renal, entendido éste como la eliminación de la sangre de residuos nitrogenados, y mantenimiento de la homeostasis hidroelectrolitica. Incluye:
Hemodialisis,
Dialisis peritoneal,
Hemo(dia)filtración,
Trasplante renal.
nEl uso de medios de contraste dentro del arsenal diagnóstico y terapéutico médico puedeocasionar efectos adversos como toxicidad renal e injuria renal aguda, conocida como nefro-patía inducida por contraste. Se estima que en la población con función renal normal laincidencia es del 0-5%; sin embargo, en personas con alteración de la función renal basalpuede llegar a un 12-27%. La nefropatía inducida por contraste se define como un aumentoabsoluto (≥ 0,5 mg/dl) o relativo (≥ 25%) de la creatinina sérica en 24-72 h postexposiciónal medio de contraste.
Dedicada en esta ocasión:
Riñones y salud de la mujer: incluir, valorar, empoderar.
El día mundial del riñón (World Kidney Day) se celebra el 8 de marzo de 2018. Tiene lugar todos los años el segundo jueves del mes de marzo.
My experience
I have over than 25 years dedicated to assist patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Hemodialysis. Whereby It has served me to have a great experience to perform Canulation Catheter to Hemodialysis Therapy. I can say that so far I have inserted more than 2,000 CVC and more than 50 Catheter Tunnels.
Now I am dedicated to Teaching as Professor of Nephrology at the University Hospital of Las Tunas. Cuba
La Enfermedad Renal Crónica constituye un importante problema de salud publica , tanto por su elvada incidencia como su elebada morbimortalidad y coste socioeconomico.
En 2012, la organización Kidney Desease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) desarrolló una guía para la práctica clínica sobre la evaluación, el manejo y el tratamiento de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en adultos y niños que no estén bajo tratamiento de reemplazo renal.La OMS decidió incluir la ERC dentro de la Crónicas No Trasmisibles a partir del 2011, donde aceptó considerar como un problema de Salud a nivel Mundial y a partir de entonces iniciar acciones para su prevención diagnostico precoz y control.
Ver Presentacion
Bienvenidos a La Web de Prevención de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) de Las Tunas. Cuba. Que está dirigida a los médicos de familia y profesionales de la salud , la Web brinda la información necesaria para enfrentar ERC, y los métodos de reemplazo y trasplantes. La Misión principal es mejorar el cuidado integral al paciente renal para brindar servicios de salud de elevada complejidad excelentes y generar conocimiento a través de la docencia, investigación y el desarrollo.
La Enfermedad Renal Crónica constituye un importante problema de salud publica , tanto por su elvada incidencia como su elebada morbimortalidad y coste socioeconomico.
La cirugía urgente en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica se asocia con mayor morbimortalidad, y no es diferible; en cambio, la cirugía programada se puede retrasar hasta optimizar la función renal al cursar con lesión aguda e inclusive se puede acelerar su resolución si se trata concomitantemente el evento precipitante.
Dr. Jose L. Rodriguez
Nefrologo
La preeclampsia y la eclampsia grave son dos entidades clínicas que se engloban dentro de los denominados Estados Hipertensivos del Embarazo (E.H.E.),que en caso de no ser reconocidas y tratadas con diligencia, pueden tener graves consecuencias para la madre y el feto y ser causa de denuncia por mala praxis.
1. Infection Prevention
in Health Care
Basic Practices
Dr. J.L. RODRIGUEZ NEPHROLOGIST
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 1
Infection Prevention in Health Care
Basic Practices
Dr. J.L. RODRIGUEZ NEPHROLOGIST
2. Teaching and Learning Module
ONE
• The Programme Created for
Schedule of training module at
Nurses Staff, Oshakati Hospital, as
a part of Infection Control
Programme organised by Infection
Control Committee .
2
3. 3
Nurses Role
in Infection Control
Follow correct
sanitization, disinfection
and sterilization
procedures
Help patient understand
basic disease prevention
Administer
immunizations and
educate patients about
immunizations
4. 4
Three Levels of Infection
Control
Sanitization – cleaning
and scrubbing
instruments and
equipment to remove
contaminated materials
and microorganisms
Disinfection – second
level used on
instruments and
equipments that come
in contact with intact
mucous membrane
Sterilization – complete destruction of all microorganisms-
pathogenic, beneficial, and harmless- surface of instrument
and equipment
5. 5
Sanitization Methods
Collecting instruments – place in
container with water and neutral pH
detergent until you can get to them.
Use utility gloves always and mask,
eye protection and protective clothing
if blood, body fluids or tissue are
present
6. 6
Sanitization Methods (cont.)
Drain disinfectant or
detergent solution
Rinse each piece under hot
running water
Scrub each item using hot,
soapy water and small
plastic brush
Pay careful attention to
hinges, ratchets and nooks
7. Standard Precautions
• Apply standard precautions to all
patients regardless of their
diagnosis, and to all
contaminated equipments and
materials.
• Use judgment in determining
which protective barriers are
necessary. 7
8. 8
Sanitization Methods (cont.)
Rinse instruments individually and
place each one on a clean towel.
Roll all instruments in the towel to
remove moisture
Place instruments either in trays or
bins for storage or wrap for
sterilization
9. 9
Disinfection
Wear gloves when handling instruments.
Disinfection solution must cover every
surface.
Used if instrument does not penetrate a
patient’s skin or mucous membranes
Enamelware
Endotracheal tubes
Glassware
Laryngoscopes and nasal specula
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
10. Standard Precautions
1. Hands Hygiene
2. Use Personal protective equipment's
(PPE)
• Gloves
• Gowns
• Masks
• Eye protection
• Face Shields
10
11. Discard needles and other sharps in
.Discard needles and other sharps in
the sharp containers which are located as
close as possible to the area of use. Don't
recap needles, If any ,use the Scoop
method (one hand method).
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 11
14. Sharps containers
• Should be easily accessible
• At or below the level of the eyes
• Kept away from the pathways
• Not to be kept on the grounds.
• Should Not be overfilled more than 3/4
full.
• Never to be shake to get more space
14
15. CLEANING SPILLS (e.g. Blood & body fluids)
• Wear gloves and other PPE
• Absorb: Wipe up the spill with an
absorbent towel.Clean with detergent.
• Apply disinfectant to the contaminated
area using sodium hypochlorite( Clorox
1: 10= 1 volume+9 water volumes)
contact time 5-10min.
• Absorb Clorox and wash with water.
15
16. Hand Hygiene
•Alcohol-based Hand Rub
•Use of gloves does NOT
replace hand washing.
•Gloves must be changed in-
between patients.
16
17. HAND WASHING
• When to wash your hands :
• If hands are visibly dirty .
• Soiled hands with blood or body
fluids.
• After contact with: blood ,body
fluids, secretions or mucus
membranes.
17
18. When to wash your hands?
• After contact with intact or non-
intact skin.
• After handling items potentially
contaminated (equipments)
• In-between patients .
• After removing gloves.
• After using bathroom.
18
19. When to wash hands
• Before direct contact with
patient.
• Before donning (sterile) gloves.
• Before preparing or handling
medications.
• Before handling clean dressing.
19
20. When to use alcohol-based hand
rub
• If hands are NOT visibly soiled
alcohol rub could be used
instead of hand washing.
• If hand are visibly soiled
(contaminated) ,they should be
washed first.
20
21. PPE: Personal Protective Equipment's:
• Gloves donning & removal
• Other PPE donning &removal
• Donning & removal of N95 mask
21
22. Transmission-Based Precautions
• Used in addition to Standard
Precautions for Specified Patients
• Designed for the Care of Patients known
or suspected to be infected by
epidemiologically important pathogens
spread by: airborne, droplet, or contact
transmission.
22
23. Droplet Precautions
• For infectious agents with droplet nuclei > 5
microns, through cough or sneezing:
• Examples:
–Pertussis
–Influenza.
–Meningococcus meningitis.
• Precaution Details:
–Private room
–Surgical Mask if within 1 meter of patient.
23
24. For effective segregation of waste, provision of
different types of waste containers in all clinical
areas, is necessary.
24
33. Programme
Created by Dr.J.L. Rodriguez
Nephrologist for Benefit of Nursing
Staff in Health Care. Oshakati Hospital.
Web: http://medicablogs.diariomedico.com/jlrodriguez/
• Email
• jlrodriguez5106@yahoo.es
33