The document discusses motivation in the context of rural sociology and educational psychology, emphasizing its definition as the process of initiating purposeful action driven by needs and urges. It categorizes motivation into intrinsic and extrinsic types, outlines techniques for effective motivation, and highlights the significance of motivation in agricultural extension work for mobilizing communities and achieving goals. The importance of motivating village people through awards, encouragement, and competition is also emphasized to enhance participation and action.

1. CCR PG College, Muzaffarnagar, U.P. -251001
• Course: Rural Sociology and Educational Psychology
• Course Code: D-196
• Dept: Department of Agril. Extension
• Topic: Motivation
• Prepared by : Sh. Rabeesh Kumar Verma
• Assistant Professor (Agril. Extension)
• Email.id : rabeesh4700@gmail.com

2. Motivation :
Motivation is the process of initiating a conscious and purposeful action.
Motive means an urge, or combination of urge to include conscious or
purposeful action. It is goal directed.
The term motivation has been derived from ‘motive’. Motive may be
defined as inner state of our mind that activates and directs our behavior.
It makes us move to act.
Motivation is something that makes a person to action and continues
him in the course of action that is already initiated.

3. Definition:
• The goal directed, need satisfying behaviour is called motivation.
• It is a process of initiating a conscious and purposeful action.
• Motive means an urge or combination of urges to induce conscious or
purposeful action.
• Motives, arising out of natural urges or acquired interests, or dynamic forces
that affect thoughts, emotions and behaviour. Eg. Motive for a murder.

4. Which Needs Motivate Human Beings:
• Organic needs and Physiological needs
• Wants
• Emotions as motives
• Feelings and attitude as motives
• Social motives

5. Types of motivation :
• a) Intrinsic motivation : These are what a learner does for the sake of engaging in
the activity itself. This is to be desired in learning and is more immediate.
• Eg. Studying for the genuine desire of learning of the subject.
• b) Extrinsic motivation : These are when an incentive or goal is artificially
introduced into a situation to cause it to accelerate activity.
• Eg. Studying for getting awards or to make parents happy.

6. Technique of Motivation :
• 1) Need based approach:
• The approach should be need based so that it could satisfy five categories of need by knowing
the levels of motivation and patterns of motivation among them. The five categories of needs
are i) physiological need, ii) desire for security, iii) desire for recognition, iv) desire for new
experiences and v) organic needs.
• 2) Training to set a realistic level of aspirations:
Any attempt to revise the expectations of farmer's should be done with full understanding of their
socio-economic status.
(Eg.) (i) Creating an aspiration in the farmer who doesn't have any land of his own for possession of
one or two acres. Such a realistic level of aspiration would ensure slow and steady progress.

7. Technique of Motivation :
(3) Participation:
The involvement of farmers in the programmes of agricultural change acts as
booster of motivation not only for the immediate participants but also for
others.
(4) Use of audio visuals:
The proper selection, combination and use of various audio visuals for the
appropriate purpose will act as lubricants of motivation

8. Motivation Cycle :
Need
Arousal
Goal
directed
behaviour
Achieveme
nt
Reduction
of
arousal/sat
isfaction

9. Importance of Motivation in Extension :
• Motivation is important for mobilizing the village people and the extension workers both, if
the exyension programme is to succeed. In
• In the pre-independence India, the development programme could not bring the desired
results because there was lack of motivation among the extension workers.
• Because extension worker were not motivated properly, their efforts could not able to
motivate people:
• Motivation is vital in extension because :
• It helps in mobilizing the villaggers for group and social action
• Helps in infusing zeal and enthusiasm among extension worker for the service of the
farming community

10. Importance of Motivation in Extension
• Stimulates people for action
• Helps in achievement of goal more efficiently.
• Helps in rapid adoption of latest technologies related to production and
management of various crops.
• Knowledge of biological drive/need helps the extension worker to realize
the problems of the people. It helps in sympathetic handling.

11. How to motivate village people:
• Awards should be designed to encourage wide participation and activity. They therefore,
should be given adequate “spread”.
• Feeling of competition should be inculcated among the villagers
• People should be given opportunity to express their knowledge, skill and experiences.
• Adequate coverage of successful stories related to various aspects of farming community
should be ensure.
• Give formal or informal encouragement to the creative ideas of the villagers.
• Awards should be given in transparent manner and favoritism should not be allowed.

12. Thanks