SSDs use solid state memory like NAND flash instead of spinning disks to store data. SSDs access data much faster than hard disk drives and have no moving parts, providing benefits like higher reliability, lower power consumption, and silent operation. An SSD contains a controller, flash memory, and an interface to connect to a computer or device. The controller manages the flash memory by mapping data to pages and blocks. SSDs are being used increasingly in devices like laptops, servers, and cameras due to their faster speeds and reliability compared to HDDs.

1. SSD (SSD (Solid State Drive)Solid State Drive)
GUIDED BY :
Mr. ASHWANI KR. PANDEY
B.TECH, M.TECH
Associate Professor
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS
PRESENTED BY :
SAURABH KUMAR

2. ContentsContents•HistoryHistory
•Solid State DrivesSolid State Drives
•NAND Flash MemoryNAND Flash Memory
•SSD ElementsSSD Elements
1. SSD Controller1. SSD Controller
2. SSD Flash2. SSD Flash
3. SSD Interfaces3. SSD Interfaces
•SSD StorageSSD Storage
SchemeScheme
• SSD ArchitectureSSD Architecture
• SSD Around usSSD Around us
• Inter x25 SSD- anInter x25 SSD- an
ExampleExample
• Benefits of SSDBenefits of SSD
• SSD vs. HDDSSD vs. HDD
• ApplicationApplication

3. HistoryHistory
• Storage Devices are evolved as the use of
machines is increasing.
Punch Cards (in 1940s).
Magnetic Tapes/Drives (in 1950s).
Hard Drives.
Solid State Drives.

4. Solid State Drive(SSD)Solid State Drive(SSD)
• SSD is an PC storage device thatSSD is an PC storage device that
uses Solid State memory to storeuses Solid State memory to store
information.information.
• SSD uses non volatile NAND FlashSSD uses non volatile NAND Flash
Memory , which enables it toMemory , which enables it to
retain data when the powerretain data when the power
is removed.is removed.

5. NAND Flash MemoryNAND Flash Memory
• NAND Flash Memory is the keyNAND Flash Memory is the key
component of SSD.component of SSD.
• It is a specific type of EEPROM chip.It is a specific type of EEPROM chip.
• It has a grid of columns and rows with aIt has a grid of columns and rows with a
cell that has two transistors at eachcell that has two transistors at each
intersection as Control gate and Floatingintersection as Control gate and Floating
gate transistor.gate transistor.
• The principle of operation is based onThe principle of operation is based on
MOSFETs.MOSFETs.

6. Types of NAND FlashTypes of NAND Flash
• Single Level Cell (SLC)Single Level Cell (SLC)
• Multi Level Cell (MLC)Multi Level Cell (MLC)

7. SLC vs. MLCSLC vs. MLC
ITEM SLC MLC
Voltage 3.3V/1.8V 3.3V
Chip Size 0.12um 0.16um
Page Size/Block Size 2KB/128KB 512B/32KB or
2KB/256KB
Access Time(Max.) 25us 70us
Endurance 100K 10K
Cost per Bit more Comparatively less
Write Data Rate 8MB/s+ 1.5MB/s

8. SSD ElementsSSD Elements
SSD consists of basically three elements:SSD consists of basically three elements:
• SSD Controller.SSD Controller.
• SSD Flash.SSD Flash.
• SSD Interface.SSD Interface.

9. SSD ControllerSSD Controller
• Flash controller includes the electronicsFlash controller includes the electronics
that bridge the Flash memory componentsthat bridge the Flash memory components
to the SSD input/output interfaces.to the SSD input/output interfaces.
• The controller is an embedded processorThe controller is an embedded processor
that executes firmware-level software.that executes firmware-level software.

10. SSD Controller Block DiagramSSD Controller Block Diagram
• ProcessorProcessor
• ECCECC
• Flash ControllerFlash Controller
• DRAM ControllerDRAM Controller
• I/O InterfaceI/O Interface
• ControllerController
MemoryMemory
• ChipChip
ConfigurationConfiguration

11. SSD FlashSSD Flash
• Solid State Flash memory is available usingSolid State Flash memory is available using
NAND technology.NAND technology.
• NAND Flash components come in densitiesNAND Flash components come in densities
from 1Gb (gigabit) to 64Gb per chip.from 1Gb (gigabit) to 64Gb per chip.
• NAND Flash components have structuresNAND Flash components have structures
called pages and blocks.called pages and blocks.
• There is an Error Correction Code (ECC)There is an Error Correction Code (ECC)
associated with each sector.associated with each sector.
• NAND Flash has a limited rewrite enduranceNAND Flash has a limited rewrite endurance
of about 1,000,000 times per block.of about 1,000,000 times per block.

12. SSD InterfaceSSD Interface
• Interface is used to connect the SSD with theInterface is used to connect the SSD with the
computer.computer.
• Also, since SDDs are generally used inAlso, since SDDs are generally used in
conjunction with magnetic disk drives, aconjunction with magnetic disk drives, a
common mass storage bus interface is usedcommon mass storage bus interface is used
in most cases.in most cases.
• SSD are available with a variety of systemSSD are available with a variety of system
interfaces based primarily on theinterfaces based primarily on the
performance requirements:performance requirements:
Serial ATASerial ATA
Serial attached SCSISerial attached SCSI
Fiber ChannelFiber Channel
USBUSB

13. SSD Storage SchemeSSD Storage Scheme
• Groups of NAND flash cells are organizedGroups of NAND flash cells are organized
into pages and these pages are organizedinto pages and these pages are organized
into blocks.into blocks.
• Read and write operations can beRead and write operations can be
performed on pages, but erase operationsperformed on pages, but erase operations
can only be performed at the block level.can only be performed at the block level.
• This means that when rewriting a page,This means that when rewriting a page,
the entire block must be erased first.the entire block must be erased first.
• The SSD controller manages this processThe SSD controller manages this process..

15. SSD Around UsSSD Around Us
Mobile Media PlayersMobile Media PlayersSolid-State Disks (SSD)Solid-State Disks (SSD)
Thumb DisksThumb Disks Multimedia
Memory Cards
Multimedia
Memory Cards
Embedded
Systems
Embedded
Systems

16. Intel x25 SSD- An ExampleIntel x25 SSD- An Example
• Certified for 25 MB/s read speed and 70Certified for 25 MB/s read speed and 70
MB/s write speed.MB/s write speed.
• MLS SSD standard.MLS SSD standard.
• 10-channel memory controller.10-channel memory controller.
• Each channel is “responsible” for twoEach channel is “responsible” for two
memory chips.memory chips.
• http://www.insidehw.com/Reviews/http://www.insidehw.com/Reviews/
Storage/Intel-X25-M-SSD.htmlStorage/Intel-X25-M-SSD.html

17. SSD vs. HDDSSD vs. HDD

19. SSDSSD ApplicationsApplications
• ServersServers
• Desktop computersDesktop computers
• LaptopsLaptops
• Ultra booksUltra books
• HD CamcordersHD Camcorders
• Smart TVSmart TV
• CCTV Digital Video Recorder (DVR)CCTV Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
• Set-Top BoxesSet-Top Boxes
• Gaming ConsolesGaming Consoles

20. Advantages

High performance – significantly faster than aHigh performance – significantly faster than a
standard HDDstandard HDD

Higher reliability – no moving parts, can withstandHigher reliability – no moving parts, can withstand
1500Gs operating shock1500Gs operating shock

Lower power – Lesser power consumption ,coolerLower power – Lesser power consumption ,cooler
operationoperation

Silent operation – ideal for post productionSilent operation – ideal for post production
environmentsenvironments

Lighter weight – perfect for portable devicesLighter weight – perfect for portable devices

Wider operating Temp. - 0c – 70cWider operating Temp. - 0c – 70c

21. Disadvantages
•
They are more expensive than traditionalThey are more expensive than traditional
hard driveshard drives
•
They currently offer less storage space thanThey currently offer less storage space than
traditional hard drives.traditional hard drives.
•
Slower Write Speed on low-endSlower Write Speed on low-end
Models(MLC based types)Models(MLC based types)

22. Conclusion
• Faster Data AccessFaster Data Access
• Less Power UsageLess Power Usage
• Higher ReliabilityHigher Reliability
• Latest high-end laptops and ultra books nowLatest high-end laptops and ultra books now
comes with SSDcomes with SSD
• In coming years SSD Will Replace Hard DiskIn coming years SSD Will Replace Hard Disk
DrivesDrives

23. ReferencesReferences
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_state_driveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_state_drives
•http://www.storagereview.com/ssd_reference_http://www.storagereview.com/ssd_reference_
guideguide
•http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/flash-http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/flash-
memory.htmmemory.htm
•http://i.dell.com/sites/content/business/solutiohttp://i.dell.com/sites/content/business/solutio
ns/whitepapers/en/Documents/wp-2009-ns/whitepapers/en/Documents/wp-2009-
SSD.pdfSSD.pdf

24. Thank You.