SSDs use solid state memory like NAND flash instead of spinning disks to store data. SSDs access data much faster than hard disk drives and have no moving parts, providing benefits like higher reliability, lower power consumption, and silent operation. An SSD contains a controller, flash memory, and an interface to connect to a computer or device. The controller manages the flash memory by mapping data to pages and blocks. SSDs are being used increasingly in devices like laptops, servers, and cameras due to their faster speeds and reliability compared to HDDs.
Solid State Drives - Seminar Report for Semester 6 Computer Engineering - VIT...ravipbhat
This report is intended as a guide to emerging solid state storage technology, in particular, to the introduction of solid state drives.
Adding a solid-state drive (SSD) to your computer is simply the best upgrade at your disposal, capable of speeding up your computer in ways you hadn't thought possible. But as with any new technology, there's plenty to learn.
The consumer is no longer limited to just accepting pre-configured systems and, even when purchasing a system, should have an avenue to understand what purpose the storage device within serves as well as how it does what it does.
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device for your computer.
In everyday use, it provides the same functionality as a traditional hard disk drive (HDD)—the standard for computer storage for many years.
Solid State Drives - Seminar Report for Semester 6 Computer Engineering - VIT...ravipbhat
This report is intended as a guide to emerging solid state storage technology, in particular, to the introduction of solid state drives.
Adding a solid-state drive (SSD) to your computer is simply the best upgrade at your disposal, capable of speeding up your computer in ways you hadn't thought possible. But as with any new technology, there's plenty to learn.
The consumer is no longer limited to just accepting pre-configured systems and, even when purchasing a system, should have an avenue to understand what purpose the storage device within serves as well as how it does what it does.
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device for your computer.
In everyday use, it provides the same functionality as a traditional hard disk drive (HDD)—the standard for computer storage for many years.
Highlighted notes while studying Concurrent Data Structures:
DDR3 SDRAM
Source: Wikipedia
Double Data Rate 3 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, officially abbreviated as DDR3 SDRAM, is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) with a high bandwidth ("double data rate") interface, and has been in use since 2007. It is the higher-speed successor to DDR and DDR2 and predecessor to DDR4 synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) chips. DDR3 SDRAM is neither forward nor backward compatible with any earlier type of random-access memory (RAM) because of different signaling voltages, timings, and other factors.
Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
Solid State Drives are the new solutions to permanent storage on devices from Personal Computers (PC) to PDA's (Personal Digital Assistant). They are much faster, lighter, contain no moving parts, smaller, no noise, shock resistant but little expensive. ;) They are built with memory chips (Flash Memory).
This Presentation cover all of the advantages, disadvantages and comparison about SSD vs HDD.
eMMC 5.0 is the latest generation of embedded NAND Flash IP. Arasan provides a complete solution including digital controllers for host and device, the mixed PHY I/O and pads, software drivers, hardware validation and support.
Get it right the first time lpddr4 validation and compliance testBarbara Aichinger
JEDEC LPDDR4 Compliance and Validation Testing. Learn about electrical and protocol testing and validation. DDR Memory is in almost all computing devices today.
Solid State Drives - Seminar for Computer Engineering Semester 6 - VIT,Univer...ravipbhat
Solid state is term that refers to electronic circuitry that is built entirely out of semiconductors.
A Solid-State Drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid state memory to store persistent data and SSDs use same I/O interfaces developed for hard disk drives.
Please contact me to download this pres.A comprehensive presentation on the field of Parallel Computing.It's applications are only growing exponentially day by days.A useful seminar covering basics,its classification and implementation thoroughly.
Visit www.ameyawaghmare.wordpress.com for more info
Highlighted notes while studying Concurrent Data Structures:
DDR3 SDRAM
Source: Wikipedia
Double Data Rate 3 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, officially abbreviated as DDR3 SDRAM, is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) with a high bandwidth ("double data rate") interface, and has been in use since 2007. It is the higher-speed successor to DDR and DDR2 and predecessor to DDR4 synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) chips. DDR3 SDRAM is neither forward nor backward compatible with any earlier type of random-access memory (RAM) because of different signaling voltages, timings, and other factors.
Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
Solid State Drives are the new solutions to permanent storage on devices from Personal Computers (PC) to PDA's (Personal Digital Assistant). They are much faster, lighter, contain no moving parts, smaller, no noise, shock resistant but little expensive. ;) They are built with memory chips (Flash Memory).
This Presentation cover all of the advantages, disadvantages and comparison about SSD vs HDD.
eMMC 5.0 is the latest generation of embedded NAND Flash IP. Arasan provides a complete solution including digital controllers for host and device, the mixed PHY I/O and pads, software drivers, hardware validation and support.
Get it right the first time lpddr4 validation and compliance testBarbara Aichinger
JEDEC LPDDR4 Compliance and Validation Testing. Learn about electrical and protocol testing and validation. DDR Memory is in almost all computing devices today.
Solid State Drives - Seminar for Computer Engineering Semester 6 - VIT,Univer...ravipbhat
Solid state is term that refers to electronic circuitry that is built entirely out of semiconductors.
A Solid-State Drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid state memory to store persistent data and SSDs use same I/O interfaces developed for hard disk drives.
Please contact me to download this pres.A comprehensive presentation on the field of Parallel Computing.It's applications are only growing exponentially day by days.A useful seminar covering basics,its classification and implementation thoroughly.
Visit www.ameyawaghmare.wordpress.com for more info
Presentation for a lecture in the doctoral series at Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania, May 2009.
Aim was to show current generation the rich history of computer hardarware and that many of the recent innovations in CPU design have their origins in designs of teh 50s and 60s.
Computer graphics are graphics created using computers and the representation of image data by a computer specifically with help from specialized graphic hardware and software.
The interaction and understanding of computers and interpretation of data has been made easier because of computer graphics. Computer graphic development has had a significant impact on many types of media and have revolutionized animation, movies and the video game industry.
2018 Infortrend All Flash Arrays Introduction (GS3025A)infortrendgroup
Infortrend All Flash Array Storages deliver lightning speed performance and enable users to optimize SSDs and energy efficiency. It also provides all the benefits of SAN, NAS and Cloud Gateway storage together in one single system, making it the ideal choice for enterprise applications (such as database, virtualization, video editing, file sharing, backup, and cloud data integration). For hardware, all flash array storage features a 2U-25bay form factor, flexible host boards to choose from, and stable, reliable modular design with high expandability; as for software, it comes with complete data services and simple, intuitive management interfaces.
More Information:
https://www.infortrend.com/global/products/FS
Recommended Product:
https://www.infortrend.com/global/products/families/fs/all-flash-arrays
Storage Spaces Direct - the new Microsoft SDS star - Carsten RachfahlITCamp
Storage Spaces Direct will provide new unseen possibilities for Microsoft Hypervisor Hyper-V. These are on one hand a high performant, high available Scale-Out Fileserver with the possibility to use internal not shared disks like SATA HDDs and SSDs and even NVMe Devices. On the other hand, you can build a Hyper-converged Hyper-V Cluster where the VMs and their Storage are running on the same Servers. And let’s not forget Azure Stack! The first version of Microsoft Private/Hosted Cloud solution will only be supported on the hyper-converged S2D infrastructure. Join this session to learn about this great new technology that will have its role in the future Private and Hosted Cloud infrastructure implementations.
This presentation gives an overview of physical storage technologies and the various ways of accessing storage on a computer or a server. Presented at School of Engineering and Applied Science, Ahmedabad University as a part of Software Engineering course.
This slide is on type of hard drives and Intel technologies around SSDs. It has basic information which would help understand types of hard drives. It also has information related to Dell diagnostics on hard drives.
Building Data Pipelines with SMACK: Designing Storage Strategies for Scale an...DataStax
Learn how to build an effective storage layer for a variety of workloads. With changing trends in system and storage hardware, understanding design trade-offs can be a challenge. This webinar will focus on cutting through the noise and diving into the choices that matter when designing for scale and performance.
Video: https://youtu.be/uEL8vyVSIis
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
1. SSD (SSD (Solid State Drive)Solid State Drive)
GUIDED BY :
Mr. ASHWANI KR. PANDEY
B.TECH, M.TECH
Associate Professor
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS
PRESENTED BY :
SAURABH KUMAR
2. ContentsContents•HistoryHistory
•Solid State DrivesSolid State Drives
•NAND Flash MemoryNAND Flash Memory
•SSD ElementsSSD Elements
1. SSD Controller1. SSD Controller
2. SSD Flash2. SSD Flash
3. SSD Interfaces3. SSD Interfaces
•SSD StorageSSD Storage
SchemeScheme
• SSD ArchitectureSSD Architecture
• SSD Around usSSD Around us
• Inter x25 SSD- anInter x25 SSD- an
ExampleExample
• Benefits of SSDBenefits of SSD
• SSD vs. HDDSSD vs. HDD
• ApplicationApplication
3. HistoryHistory
• Storage Devices are evolved as the use of
machines is increasing.
Punch Cards (in 1940s).
Magnetic Tapes/Drives (in 1950s).
Hard Drives.
Solid State Drives.
4. Solid State Drive(SSD)Solid State Drive(SSD)
• SSD is an PC storage device thatSSD is an PC storage device that
uses Solid State memory to storeuses Solid State memory to store
information.information.
• SSD uses non volatile NAND FlashSSD uses non volatile NAND Flash
Memory , which enables it toMemory , which enables it to
retain data when the powerretain data when the power
is removed.is removed.
5. NAND Flash MemoryNAND Flash Memory
• NAND Flash Memory is the keyNAND Flash Memory is the key
component of SSD.component of SSD.
• It is a specific type of EEPROM chip.It is a specific type of EEPROM chip.
• It has a grid of columns and rows with aIt has a grid of columns and rows with a
cell that has two transistors at eachcell that has two transistors at each
intersection as Control gate and Floatingintersection as Control gate and Floating
gate transistor.gate transistor.
• The principle of operation is based onThe principle of operation is based on
MOSFETs.MOSFETs.
6. Types of NAND FlashTypes of NAND Flash
• Single Level Cell (SLC)Single Level Cell (SLC)
• Multi Level Cell (MLC)Multi Level Cell (MLC)
7. SLC vs. MLCSLC vs. MLC
ITEM SLC MLC
Voltage 3.3V/1.8V 3.3V
Chip Size 0.12um 0.16um
Page Size/Block Size 2KB/128KB 512B/32KB or
2KB/256KB
Access Time(Max.) 25us 70us
Endurance 100K 10K
Cost per Bit more Comparatively less
Write Data Rate 8MB/s+ 1.5MB/s
8. SSD ElementsSSD Elements
SSD consists of basically three elements:SSD consists of basically three elements:
• SSD Controller.SSD Controller.
• SSD Flash.SSD Flash.
• SSD Interface.SSD Interface.
9. SSD ControllerSSD Controller
• Flash controller includes the electronicsFlash controller includes the electronics
that bridge the Flash memory componentsthat bridge the Flash memory components
to the SSD input/output interfaces.to the SSD input/output interfaces.
• The controller is an embedded processorThe controller is an embedded processor
that executes firmware-level software.that executes firmware-level software.
11. SSD FlashSSD Flash
• Solid State Flash memory is available usingSolid State Flash memory is available using
NAND technology.NAND technology.
• NAND Flash components come in densitiesNAND Flash components come in densities
from 1Gb (gigabit) to 64Gb per chip.from 1Gb (gigabit) to 64Gb per chip.
• NAND Flash components have structuresNAND Flash components have structures
called pages and blocks.called pages and blocks.
• There is an Error Correction Code (ECC)There is an Error Correction Code (ECC)
associated with each sector.associated with each sector.
• NAND Flash has a limited rewrite enduranceNAND Flash has a limited rewrite endurance
of about 1,000,000 times per block.of about 1,000,000 times per block.
12. SSD InterfaceSSD Interface
• Interface is used to connect the SSD with theInterface is used to connect the SSD with the
computer.computer.
• Also, since SDDs are generally used inAlso, since SDDs are generally used in
conjunction with magnetic disk drives, aconjunction with magnetic disk drives, a
common mass storage bus interface is usedcommon mass storage bus interface is used
in most cases.in most cases.
• SSD are available with a variety of systemSSD are available with a variety of system
interfaces based primarily on theinterfaces based primarily on the
performance requirements:performance requirements:
Serial ATASerial ATA
Serial attached SCSISerial attached SCSI
Fiber ChannelFiber Channel
USBUSB
13. SSD Storage SchemeSSD Storage Scheme
• Groups of NAND flash cells are organizedGroups of NAND flash cells are organized
into pages and these pages are organizedinto pages and these pages are organized
into blocks.into blocks.
• Read and write operations can beRead and write operations can be
performed on pages, but erase operationsperformed on pages, but erase operations
can only be performed at the block level.can only be performed at the block level.
• This means that when rewriting a page,This means that when rewriting a page,
the entire block must be erased first.the entire block must be erased first.
• The SSD controller manages this processThe SSD controller manages this process..
14.
15. SSD Around UsSSD Around Us
Mobile Media PlayersMobile Media PlayersSolid-State Disks (SSD)Solid-State Disks (SSD)
Thumb DisksThumb Disks Multimedia
Memory Cards
Multimedia
Memory Cards
Embedded
Systems
Embedded
Systems
16. Intel x25 SSD- An ExampleIntel x25 SSD- An Example
• Certified for 25 MB/s read speed and 70Certified for 25 MB/s read speed and 70
MB/s write speed.MB/s write speed.
• MLS SSD standard.MLS SSD standard.
• 10-channel memory controller.10-channel memory controller.
• Each channel is “responsible” for twoEach channel is “responsible” for two
memory chips.memory chips.
• http://www.insidehw.com/Reviews/http://www.insidehw.com/Reviews/
Storage/Intel-X25-M-SSD.htmlStorage/Intel-X25-M-SSD.html
19. SSDSSD ApplicationsApplications
• ServersServers
• Desktop computersDesktop computers
• LaptopsLaptops
• Ultra booksUltra books
• HD CamcordersHD Camcorders
• Smart TVSmart TV
• CCTV Digital Video Recorder (DVR)CCTV Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
• Set-Top BoxesSet-Top Boxes
• Gaming ConsolesGaming Consoles
20. Advantages
High performance – significantly faster than aHigh performance – significantly faster than a
standard HDDstandard HDD
Higher reliability – no moving parts, can withstandHigher reliability – no moving parts, can withstand
1500Gs operating shock1500Gs operating shock
Lower power – Lesser power consumption ,coolerLower power – Lesser power consumption ,cooler
operationoperation
Silent operation – ideal for post productionSilent operation – ideal for post production
environmentsenvironments
Lighter weight – perfect for portable devicesLighter weight – perfect for portable devices
Wider operating Temp. - 0c – 70cWider operating Temp. - 0c – 70c
21. Disadvantages
•
They are more expensive than traditionalThey are more expensive than traditional
hard driveshard drives
•
They currently offer less storage space thanThey currently offer less storage space than
traditional hard drives.traditional hard drives.
•
Slower Write Speed on low-endSlower Write Speed on low-end
Models(MLC based types)Models(MLC based types)
22. Conclusion
• Faster Data AccessFaster Data Access
• Less Power UsageLess Power Usage
• Higher ReliabilityHigher Reliability
• Latest high-end laptops and ultra books nowLatest high-end laptops and ultra books now
comes with SSDcomes with SSD
• In coming years SSD Will Replace Hard DiskIn coming years SSD Will Replace Hard Disk
DrivesDrives
Two main types of NAND flash have been used:
single-level cell (SLC) and multi-level cell (MLC) flash. SLC flash stores one bit per cell, or memory location, within the NAND flash. MLC stores two bits per cell. SLC flash has higher read/write performance and greater write endurance, but MLC carries a lower cost per gigabyte because it offers approximately double the storage capacity in a similar amount of silicon. MLC flash is also made in higher volumes due to its application in consumer electronics and other devices, adding to its cost effectiveness. While SLC flash is common in enterprise server applications, virtually all SSDs used in client PCs and handheld devices today use MLC flash because of its cost advantage over SLC.
Processor - 16 or 32 bit embedded microcontroller, programmed in C in most cases, and compiled to run on the target CPU engine
Error Correction (ECC) - A hardware function that appends redundancy bits with each byte stored in order to provide data error detection and correction upon readout.
Flash Controller - Contains the addressing, data bus, and control for managing one or more Flash components. A typical SSD controller will manage up to 512GB of Flash.
DRAM Controller - Contains the addressing, data bus, and control for managing one or more DRAM components. A typical SSD controller can manage up to 256MB of DRAM.
I/O interface (i.e.: SATA) - Contains the native electrical interface per a particular open system standard such as SATA, USB, or SAS. The interface is controlled by the controller firmware driver. Basic addressing and handshaking is done in hardware.
Controller Memory - Comprised of programmed memory (ROM) and scratchpad/buffer RAM tightly coupled to the processor. This memory is used by the controller for program execution and for storing scratchpad values. In some cost constrained applications the RAM acts as the sole data buffer for the SSD.
Chip Configuration - Establishes setting for types and speeds of memory parts used, clock inputs, diagnostic I/O, and LED status outputs.
General I/O - General purpose programmable pins available to the application.
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
Interface
Description
Details
Standards
SATA
Serial ATA
A serial implementation of the Parallel ATA interface (also called the IDE) used on floppy drives and early magnetic disk drives.
A point-to-point system that utilizes a 7-conductor cable with two differential [Tx/Rx] pairs to each drive. A separate 15-pin power connector is used.
Data throughput potential is 150, 300, or 600 Mbytes/s, based on the version used. The max unshielded cable length is 1 meter, 2 meters if shielded, or up to 8 meters using the xSATA version.
Serial ATA Revision 3.0, 5/2009
T13 committee
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FC
Fibre Channel
A multiple rate serial Gbit,
Multiprotocol interface.
Fibre Channel was developed as a modern serial interface for Storage Area Networks (SAN) where an array of drives in the same cabinet, room, or facility where shared by a set of servers.
A bidirectional interface that supports SCSI, IP, ATM, HIPPI, and/or IEEE802.2 over copper or fiber optic cables. Rates from 1 to 10 Gbits/s based on version used.
Twister pair: 33 meters
Coax: 75 meters
Fiber Optic: 10 kilometers
In addition, FC can be configured in an arbitrated loop containing up to 127 devices, Point to Point, or in a switched fabric.
SSD drives using Fibre channel support the twisted pair electrical interface and most use the 40-pin SCA-2 connector. This connector contains 4 twisted pairs for the base FC signals as well as various configuration, power, and ground pins. Maximum length 1 meter.
SSD drives utilize the Fibre Channel Protocol FCP-SCSI protocol command set. (SCSI - Small Computer System Interface).
T10 committee
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SAS
Serial Attached SCSI
A 3 or 6-Gbit rate serial implementation of the 8/16/32-bit wide parallel Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)
A point-to-point full duplex system. It utilizes a 4 two differential [Tx/Rx] pairs to each drive. A separate 15-pin power connector is used when combined with SATA, or can be integrated into a single connector. There are various connectors utilized.
Data throughput potential is 3 or 6 Gbits/s with 12 Gbits/s planned for 2012 release.
The max cable length is 10 meters.
Serial Attached SCSI - 2.0 {SAS-2.0), 11/2007
T10 committee
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USB
Universal Serial Bus
A simple serial bus with integrated power.
Base data rate is 12 Mbits/s. Later versions support up to 480 Mbits/sec.
A 4-pin bidirectional serial bus using a hub and spoke topology in order to connect up to 128 devices under the control of one master controller.
The current USD 2.0 standard allows operation 5 meters per cable but supports a string of cables with intermediate hubs to achieve a 30 meter maximum cable length.
SSD thumb drives and many form factor drives provide a USD interface as a secondary access channel. This is possible since the controller chip used in many form factor SSD drives only needs to use a few pins to integrate this interface into the drive design.
USB 2.0 Specification USB.org
SSD vs. HDD
2.5” SATA 3.8Gbps
SSD
2.5” SATA 3.8Gbps
Solid NAND Flash HDD
based
Mechanism type Magnetic rotating
platters
64GB Density 80GB
73g Weight 365g
Read: 100MB/s
Write: 80 MB/s
Performance Read: 59MB/s
Write: 60MB/s
1W Active Power
Consumption
3.86W 1,500G/.5ms shock resistance 170G/.5ms
20G (10~2000Hz) Operating Vibration 0.5G (22~350Hz)
1500G for 0.5ms Shock Resistance 170G for 0.5ms
0 °C– 70°C Operating temperature 5°C– 55°C
None Acoustic Noise 0.3 dB
MTBF > 2M hours Endurance MTBF < 0.7M hours
Source: http://www.samsung.com
SSD vs. HDD
2.5” SATA 3.8Gbps
SSD
2.5” SATA 3.8Gbps
Solid NAND Flash HDD
based
Mechanism type Magnetic rotating
platters
64GB Density 80GB
73g Weight 365g
Read: 100MB/s
Write: 80 MB/s
Performance Read: 59MB/s
Write: 60MB/s
1W Active Power
Consumption
3.86W 1,500G/.5ms shock resistance 170G/.5ms
20G (10~2000Hz) Operating Vibration 0.5G (22~350Hz)
1500G for 0.5ms Shock Resistance 170G for 0.5ms
0 °C– 70°C Operating temperature 5°C– 55°C
None Acoustic Noise 0.3 dB
MTBF > 2M hours Endurance MTBF < 0.7M hours
Source: http://www.samsung.com
SSD vs. HDD
2.5” SATA 3.8Gbps
SSD
2.5” SATA 3.8Gbps
Solid NAND Flash HDD
based
Mechanism type Magnetic rotating
platters
64GB Density 80GB
73g Weight 365g
Read: 100MB/s
Write: 80 MB/s
Performance Read: 59MB/s
Write: 60MB/s
1W Active Power
Consumption
3.86W 1,500G/.5ms shock resistance 170G/.5ms
20G (10~2000Hz) Operating Vibration 0.5G (22~350Hz)
1500G for 0.5ms Shock Resistance 170G for 0.5ms
0 °C– 70°C Operating temperature 5°C– 55°C
None Acoustic Noise 0.3 dB
MTBF > 2M hours Endurance MTBF < 0.7M hours
Source: http://www.samsung.com
SSD vs. HDD
2.5” SATA 3.8Gbps
SSD
2.5” SATA 3.8Gbps
Solid NAND Flash HDD
based
Mechanism type Magnetic rotating
platters
64GB Density 80GB
73g Weight 365g
Read: 100MB/s
Write: 80 MB/s
Performance Read: 59MB/s
Write: 60MB/s
1W Active Power
Consumption
3.86W 1,500G/.5ms shock resistance 170G/.5ms
20G (10~2000Hz) Operating Vibration 0.5G (22~350Hz)
1500G for 0.5ms Shock Resistance 170G for 0.5ms
0 °C– 70°C Operating temperature 5°C– 55°C
None Acoustic Noise 0.3 dB
MTBF > 2M hours Endurance MTBF < 0.7M hours
Source: http://www.samsung.com
