This document discusses various types of heat exchangers including shell-and-tube, double-pipe, plate-and-frame, fired heaters, and aerial coolers. It provides details on shell-and-tube exchangers including baffles, tube layout, and TEMA classifications. Examples are given for sizing problems including determining heat duty, selecting the exchanger type, and calculating the number of tubes needed. Common software for heat exchanger design is also listed.
• Types of heat exchangers
• Classification of heat exchangers
• components of heat exchanger
• Materials of heat exchanger
• troubleshooting of heat exchanger
• Types of heat exchangers
• Classification of heat exchangers
• components of heat exchanger
• Materials of heat exchanger
• troubleshooting of heat exchanger
This design project aims to propose a plate type heat exchanger that can meet given heat duty and find the number of plates required. Plate type heat exchanger uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. Starting point of this design is to define given properties
applications of the principles of heat transfer to design of heat exchangersKathiresan Nadar
This file contain a very good description for the processes design of heat ex changer. the file courtesy is Prof. Anand Patwardhan ICT Mumbai (Deemed University)
Parallel flow heat exchanger is analysed with CFD tool. A comparative study of the analytical and experimental data is carried out to better understand the temperature profile, surface heat flux and heat transfer co-efficient parameters of the heat exchanger
Design and Cost Optimization of Plate Heat Exchangerinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
This design project aims to propose a plate type heat exchanger that can meet given heat duty and find the number of plates required. Plate type heat exchanger uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. Starting point of this design is to define given properties
applications of the principles of heat transfer to design of heat exchangersKathiresan Nadar
This file contain a very good description for the processes design of heat ex changer. the file courtesy is Prof. Anand Patwardhan ICT Mumbai (Deemed University)
Parallel flow heat exchanger is analysed with CFD tool. A comparative study of the analytical and experimental data is carried out to better understand the temperature profile, surface heat flux and heat transfer co-efficient parameters of the heat exchanger
Design and Cost Optimization of Plate Heat Exchangerinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Give Smart: 5 Red Flags to Look Out for When Giving to a CharityRudy Trebels
So you want to give to a charity? Nice! Before you begin though, there are a few things to look out for when conducting your research. Thankfully, the FTC has you covered, and you can check out there "charity checklist" here: https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0074-giving-charity#Signs
If you are working in refining or petrochemical industry, you need to learn about fired heaters. This paper talks about basic specifications of fired heaters. You can benefit by using good specifications to purchase fired heaters for your next project.
Presentation made at the recent Refcomm Conference in Galveston, Texas about the improvements in a crude heater. The client started processing shale crudes and his run length came down to 3 months. FIS modified the heater and increased run length to almost 1.5 years. The project was completed last year. In this presentation, we are showing the CFD modeling of the heater before and after the modifications.
Heat/light/electrical energy is out today’s necessity and has scarcity also. Energy conservation is key requirement of any industry at all times.
In general, industries use heat energy for conservation of raw material to finished product. The source of heat energy is generally saturated or super heated steam. The steam generation is common use one boiler with carity of fuels. Whatever may be the fuel the generation should be as economy as possible which adds to the product cost. Further the usage of steam and recycling steam condensate back to boiler is an art depending on plant layouts.
In this project the steam generator is water tube boiler fired with rice husk. The steam is transferred to the tyre/tube moulds where tyres/tubes are cured while the heat is rejected to the tyres the condensate forms and this condensate is put back to the boiler. While doing so the steam is also stopped back to boiler without rejecting complete heat to the product. This gets flashed into atmosphere at feed water tank. The science of separation of condensate from steam saves energy. Better the separation more the fuel conservation.
In the steam generator the fuel is burnt to heat the water and form steam. This fuel burnt flue gas carries lot of energy, out through chimney. Prior to exhausting through the heat left in flue need to be recovered, through heat recovery mechanisms’. In this project an air-preheater condensate heat recovery unit is the major energy consuming station.
Complex Engineering Problem (CEP) Descriptive Form.
Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer.
The concentric tube heat exchanger is replaced with a compact, plate-type heat exchanger that consists of a stack of thin metal sheets, separated by N gaps of width a. The oil and water flows are subdivided into N/2 individual flow streams, with the oil and water moving in opposite directions within alternating gaps. It is desirable for the stack to be of a cubical geometry, with a characteristic exterior dimension L.
(a) parallel flow
(b) counter flow,
A counter flow, concentric tube heat exchanger is used to cool the lubricating oil for a large industrial gas turbine engine. The flow rate of cooling water through the inner tube (Di - 25 mm) is 0.2 kg/s,.
ABSTRACT
Heat/light/electrical energy is out today’s necessity and has scarcity also. Energy conservation is key requirement of any industry at all times.
In general, industries use heat energy for conservation of raw material to finished product. The source of heat energy is generally saturated or super heated steam. The steam generation is common use one boiler with carity of fuels. Whatever may be the fuel the generation should be as economy as possible which adds to the product cost. Further the usage of steam and recycling steam condensate back to boiler is an art depending on plant layouts.
In this project the steam generator is water tube boiler fired with rice husk. The steam is transferred to the tyre/tube moulds where tyres/tubes are cured while the heat is rejected to the tyres the condensate forms and this condensate is put back to the boiler. While doing so the steam is also stopped back to boiler without rejecting complete heat to the product. This gets flashed into atmosphere at feed water tank. The science of separation of condensate from steam saves energy. Better the separation more the fuel conservation.
In the steam generator the fuel is burnt to heat the water and form steam. This fuel burnt flue gas carries lot of energy, out through chimney. Prior to exhausting through the heat left in flue need to be recovered, through heat recovery mechanisms’. In this project an air-preheater condensate heat recovery unit is the major energy consuming station.
Design, Construction and Performance test of Water to Water Tubular Heat Exch...Md Khairul Islam Rifat
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
30. Sizing
2
N= required number of tubes
q= heat duty,BTU/hr
U= overall heat transfer coefficient,BTU/hr-ft-F
LMTD= corrected log mean temperature difference,F
L=Tube Length,ft
A´=tube external surface area per foot of length,ft2/ft
30
47. :
:
• T2 = 100 0
F
• P2 = 990 psig
• Water vapor in gas = 28
lb/MMsccf
• Seawater T3 = 75 0
F
• Limit temperature rise to 10
0
F
• Use 1-in . OD 10 BWG tubes
on 1 1
/4 –in
:
• 100MMscf at 0.67 SG (from
table 2-10)
• 6000 bopd at 0.77 SG
• 15 bbl/ MMscf
• T1 =175 0
F
• P1 =1000 psig
• Water vapor in gas = 60
lb/MMscf
47
48. Problem:
1. Calculate water flow rate in outlet and water vapor
condensed.
2. Calculate heat duty.
3. Determine seawater circulation rate.
4. Pick a type of exchanger and number of tubes
required.
48
49. Solution:
1. Calculate free water and water vapor flow rates.
• Water flow rate in inlet:
Free water = (100 MMscfd)(15 bbl/MMscfd) = 1,500 bwpd
• Water flow rate in outlet:
Free water = 1,500 bwpd
• Water vapor condensed:
• Water flo rate in outlet:
9 bwpd + 1500 bwpd = 1509 bwpd
(60 28) 100
* 3200 /
lb MMscf
lb d
MMscf D
−
=
1
3200 * 9
350
lb bbl
bwpd
d lb
=
49
51. • b. condensate duty
qo = 14.6(SG)( ∆T)COQO
Co = 0.535 Btu/lb 0
F (figure 2-
13)
qo = 14.6(0.77)(100175)(0.535)
(6000)
qo = -2707000 Btu/hr
• c. free water duty
qw= 14.6(∆T)Qw
qw= 14.6(100-175)(1509)
qw= 1652000 Btu/hr
• d. water latent duty
q1h = w*λ
w = 3200 lb/d (1d/24hr)=
133 lb/hr
λ = -996.3 Btu/lb (table 2-
6,170 0
F)
q1h = (133)(-996.3) =
-133000Btu/hr
• e . total heat duty
q= -9879000 -2707000
-1652000 -133000
q= -14281000 Btu/hr
51
52. 3. water circulation rate :
• qw= 14.6(T2-T1)Qw
• Qw = qw/14.6(T2-T1)
• Limit ∆T for water to 10 0
F to limit scale
Qw = 14.3 * 106
/14.6(10)
Qw = 97945 bwpd = 2858 gpm
52
53. 4. Heat exchanger type and number of tubes
Choose TEMA R because of large size.
Select type AFL because of low temperature change and
LMTD correction factor.
53
54. The water is corrosive and may deposit solids. Therefore, flow
water through tubes and make the tubes 70/30 Cu/Ni. Flow the
gas through the shell.
• Calculate LMTD :
T1
=175 T2
=100
T3
= 75 T4
= 85
∆T1
= 175-85=90
∆T2
= 100-75=25
LMTD = 50.7 0
F
90
25
90 25
loge
LMTD
−
=
Correction factor (figure 3-10)
P= (85-75)/(175-75) = 0.1
R= (175-100)/(85-75)
F = 0.95
LMTD = (50.7)(0.95) = 48.2 0
F
54
55. • Calculation number of tube:
Assume L = 40 ft
A= 0.2618 ft2
/ ft ( table 2-1)
N = 315 tubes
( )
q
N
UA LMTD Lι
=
6
14.3*10
(90)(0.261)(48.2)(40)
N =
55
Xavier, my suggestions:
point out that this represents production rather than injection, but is a very useful diagram for visualisation of the interaction of sorption, pressure, and multiphase flow, and the concept of relative and effective permeability
Acknowledge Koenig as source
briefly describe the main features on the diagram
Mention that later in the talk you will show the distribution of water saturation and relative permeabilities during an injection process (these are in slides 12 & 13)