Type 304 and 304L stainless steels are austenitic alloys with high chromium and nickel contents. Type 304L has a lower maximum carbon content of 0.03% compared to 0.08% for Type 304, which eliminates carbide precipitation from welding and allows use in the as-welded condition. Both alloys exhibit excellent corrosion resistance and can be formed or welded using common techniques, with Type 304L requiring less post-weld heat treatment.
Dispersion Hardening:
Hard particles:
Mixed with matrix powder
Consolidated
Processed by powder metallurgy techniques
Second phase – Very little solubility (Even at elevated temp.)
No coherency
So thermally Stable at very high temp.
Resists :
Grain growth
Over aging
Recrystallization
Mobility of dislocation
Different from particle Metallic Composites (Volume Fraction is 3 to 4% max.) (Does not affect stiffness)
Examples : Al2O3 in Al or Cu, ThO2 in Ni
STUDY THE DAMPING EFFECT OF TWO TYPES OF METALS (CK 45, 40 X) USING OILS (AST...IAEME Publication
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the circles of damping by using two types of oils ((ASTRALUBE and SHIELD)) as well as the use of central damping of a third oil resulting from the mixing of these two oils on the hardness and tensile strength of the two types of minerals have been chosen and two iron Carbon type (CK 45) and on alloy type (40 X) , where the operation took place by damping these metals to those medias oily three after he was placed in a furnace
dedicated to raise the temperature of each of them to ( 850 ) degrees Celsius and the installation of such class for an hour each and every one Lang .
Study of Thermal Stresses in High Temperature Brazing of Carbide to Steel San...AM Publications
Carbides and steels are two of the oldest established classes of technologically useful materials. While steel dominate engineering applications, carbides have some attractive properties compared to steels, which make them useful for specific applications. The properties of individual carbides and steels can vary widely; however, the characteristics of most materials in the two classes differ significantly. Joints between a steel and carbide are becoming increasingly important in the manufacturing of a wide variety of technological product. But joining carbide to steel materials often remains an unresolved or unsatisfactorily resolved problem such as thermal cracking, joint strength and carbide chip off. This paper deals with relieving the thermal stresses that are generated on carbides, it is found that use of sandwich alloy as filler metal minimizes the thermal stress on carbide.
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
Dispersion Hardening:
Hard particles:
Mixed with matrix powder
Consolidated
Processed by powder metallurgy techniques
Second phase – Very little solubility (Even at elevated temp.)
No coherency
So thermally Stable at very high temp.
Resists :
Grain growth
Over aging
Recrystallization
Mobility of dislocation
Different from particle Metallic Composites (Volume Fraction is 3 to 4% max.) (Does not affect stiffness)
Examples : Al2O3 in Al or Cu, ThO2 in Ni
STUDY THE DAMPING EFFECT OF TWO TYPES OF METALS (CK 45, 40 X) USING OILS (AST...IAEME Publication
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the circles of damping by using two types of oils ((ASTRALUBE and SHIELD)) as well as the use of central damping of a third oil resulting from the mixing of these two oils on the hardness and tensile strength of the two types of minerals have been chosen and two iron Carbon type (CK 45) and on alloy type (40 X) , where the operation took place by damping these metals to those medias oily three after he was placed in a furnace
dedicated to raise the temperature of each of them to ( 850 ) degrees Celsius and the installation of such class for an hour each and every one Lang .
Study of Thermal Stresses in High Temperature Brazing of Carbide to Steel San...AM Publications
Carbides and steels are two of the oldest established classes of technologically useful materials. While steel dominate engineering applications, carbides have some attractive properties compared to steels, which make them useful for specific applications. The properties of individual carbides and steels can vary widely; however, the characteristics of most materials in the two classes differ significantly. Joints between a steel and carbide are becoming increasingly important in the manufacturing of a wide variety of technological product. But joining carbide to steel materials often remains an unresolved or unsatisfactorily resolved problem such as thermal cracking, joint strength and carbide chip off. This paper deals with relieving the thermal stresses that are generated on carbides, it is found that use of sandwich alloy as filler metal minimizes the thermal stress on carbide.
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
MI cables are used for various industrial applications and to make thermocouples and RTDs.
Different types of MI Cables are MI thermocouple cables, MI RTD cables, MI Power cables, MI Heating cables, triaxial cables, coaxial cables and SPNDS.
basic structure of MI Cables comprises of conductors, insulating material and Metal sheath.
MECHANICAL PROPERTY ASSESSMENT OF AUSTEMPERED AND CONVENTIONALLY HARDENED AIS...IAEME Publication
The chemical composition and mechanical properties of steel decide its applicability for manufacturing various components in different areas of engineering interests. Heat treatment processes are commonly used to enhance the required properties of steel with or without change in chemical composition. The present work aims to perform conventional hardening and Austempering treatment with experimental investigation of the effect of austempering and conventional hardening (quenching) on AISI 4340 steel. Different tests like tensile, torsion, hardness, impact and microstructure analysis are carried out in as bought and heat treated conditions
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. P R O D U C T D A T A S H E E T
304/304L-S-8-01-07
AK Steel Type 304 is a variation of the
basic 18-8 grade, Type 302, with a higher
chromium and lower carbon content.
Lower carbon minimizes chromium car-
bide precipitation due to welding and its
susceptibility to intergranular corrosion.
In many instances, it can be used in the
”as-welded“ condition, while Type 302
must be annealed in order to retain
adequate corrosion resistance.
Type 304L is an extra low-carbon varia-
tion of Type 304 with a 0.03% maximum
carbon content that eliminates carbide
precipitation due to welding. As a result,
this alloy can be used in the ”as-welded“
condition, even in severe corrosive con-
ditions. It often eliminates the necessity
of annealing weldments except for
applications specifying stress relief. It
has slightly lower mechanical properties
than Type 304.
Typical uses include architectural moul-
dings and trim, kitchen equipment,
welded components of chemical, textile,
paper, pharmaceutical and chemical
industry processing equipment.
AVAILABLE FORMS
AK Steel produces Type 304 Stainless
Steel in thicknesses from 0.01" to 0.25"
(0.025 to 6.35 mm) max. and widths up
to 48" (1219 mm). For other thicknesses
and widths, inquire.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties
Elongation
UTS 0.2% YS % in 2" Hardness
ksi (MPa) ksi (MPa) (50.8 mm) Rockwell
Type 304L 85 (586) 35 (241) 55 B80
Type 304 90 (621) 42 (290) 55 B82
COMPOSITION
Type 304 Type 304L
% %
Carbon 0.08 max. 0.03 max.
Manganese 2.00 max. 2.00 max.
Phosphorus 0.045 max. 0.045 max.
Sulfur 0.030 max. 0.030 max.
Silicon 0.75 max. 0.75 max.
Chromium 18.00-20.00 18.0-20.0
Nickel 8.00-12.00 8.0-12.0
Nitrogen 0.10 max. 0.10 max.
Iron Balance Balance
SPECIFICATIONS
AK Steel Types 304 and 304L Stainless
Steels are covered by the following
specifications:
Type 304 Type 304L
AMS 5513 AMS 5511
ASTM A 240 ASTM A 240
ASTM A 666 ASTM A 666
STAINLESS STEEL
304 304LUNS S30400/UNS S30403