The document discusses the Eurozone crisis that began in 2009. It started in Greece due to the country misreporting its economic statistics, which hid a large budget deficit. As the global financial crisis hit, it struggled with high debt and interest rates. Greece required a bailout package from the EU and IMF to avoid defaulting. The crisis spread to other southern European countries like Portugal, Italy, Ireland, and Spain, known as the PIIGS, who also had high debts and deficits. Austerity measures were implemented but caused economic hardships.
The document discusses the Eurozone crisis that began in 2009. It started in Greece due to the country misreporting its economic statistics, which hid a large budget deficit. As the global financial crisis hit, it struggled with high debt and interest rates. Greece required a bailout package from the EU and IMF to avoid defaulting. The crisis spread to other southern European countries like Portugal, Italy, Ireland, and Spain, known as the PIIGS, who also had high debts and deficits. Austerity measures were implemented but caused economic hardships.
Robert Maxwell built a large media empire through heavy acquisition debt but faced financial difficulties in 1991. After his death, it was revealed that Maxwell had misappropriated over £500 million from employee pension funds to prop up his failing businesses. This led to the collapse of Maxwell Communication Corporation and the loss of many employee pensions. The aftermath revealed flaws in corporate governance under Maxwell's domination, including ineffective boards, lack of transparency, and audit failures.
This presentation explores the causes of the European debt crisis, timeline of the crisis, its extent, how it is being addressed, who is to blamed for the crisis and how it affects us.
The Greek debt crisis began in 2009 when it was revealed that Greece's budget deficit was much larger than originally reported, reaching 15.4% of GDP rather than the claimed 6.7%. This caused Greece's borrowing costs to skyrocket and prevented the country from repaying its debts. The crisis had severe impacts, including unemployment rising to 25%, riots over austerity measures, and Greece ultimately defaulting on IMF loans in 2015. While three bailout packages involving the EU, ECB, and IMF imposed austerity, Greece's debt-to-GDP ratio rose to over 180% as the economy shrank by 25%. The crisis demonstrated the risks of misleading deficit reporting and overspending by Greece's government.
The great recession of 2008-2009 was a financial crisis and severe economic downturn in the United States. It was caused by factors like low tax rates, risky subprime lending, and fluctuating home prices. As a result, the US lost over 8 million jobs, average household income fell by $2,700, and nearly 4 million homes were foreclosed each year. The GDP declined by 4.2% from late 2007 to mid-2009 while the unemployment rate rose from 4.4% to 10%. The government took steps to cut interest rates and pass stimulus packages to aid economic recovery.
The 2008 Global Financial Crisis was caused by a rise and fall in housing prices, loose monetary policy by the Fed that fueled risky lending, and the collapse of major investment banks due to their leveraged positions. It led to a recession characterized by falling home values, high unemployment, declining manufacturing and automotive industries, and financial losses for colleges. However, some developing countries were less impacted. The crisis also contributed to a shift in global power towards countries like China, India, and Brazil. Governments responded by reducing interest rates, increasing spending on infrastructure, lowering taxes and boosting transfer payments, and establishing funds to provide companies with access to capital.
WorldCom filed for bankruptcy in 2002 despite appearing to have growth potential. The telecom boom of the 1990s led to overexpansion as companies built extensive networks. By 2000, there was too much capacity and fierce price competition emerged. WorldCom grew rapidly through 65 acquisitions from 1991-1997, taking on substantial debt. However, integration of acquired companies was poor. Additionally, WorldCom engaged in fraudulent accounting practices like capitalizing normal operating expenses to inflate profits. When the telecom market declined, WorldCom could not sustain its business model and massive debt, leading to its collapse.
Robert Maxwell built a large media empire through heavy acquisition debt but faced financial difficulties in 1991. After his death, it was revealed that Maxwell had misappropriated over £500 million from employee pension funds to prop up his failing businesses. This led to the collapse of Maxwell Communication Corporation and the loss of many employee pensions. The aftermath revealed flaws in corporate governance under Maxwell's domination, including ineffective boards, lack of transparency, and audit failures.
This presentation explores the causes of the European debt crisis, timeline of the crisis, its extent, how it is being addressed, who is to blamed for the crisis and how it affects us.
The Greek debt crisis began in 2009 when it was revealed that Greece's budget deficit was much larger than originally reported, reaching 15.4% of GDP rather than the claimed 6.7%. This caused Greece's borrowing costs to skyrocket and prevented the country from repaying its debts. The crisis had severe impacts, including unemployment rising to 25%, riots over austerity measures, and Greece ultimately defaulting on IMF loans in 2015. While three bailout packages involving the EU, ECB, and IMF imposed austerity, Greece's debt-to-GDP ratio rose to over 180% as the economy shrank by 25%. The crisis demonstrated the risks of misleading deficit reporting and overspending by Greece's government.
The great recession of 2008-2009 was a financial crisis and severe economic downturn in the United States. It was caused by factors like low tax rates, risky subprime lending, and fluctuating home prices. As a result, the US lost over 8 million jobs, average household income fell by $2,700, and nearly 4 million homes were foreclosed each year. The GDP declined by 4.2% from late 2007 to mid-2009 while the unemployment rate rose from 4.4% to 10%. The government took steps to cut interest rates and pass stimulus packages to aid economic recovery.
The 2008 Global Financial Crisis was caused by a rise and fall in housing prices, loose monetary policy by the Fed that fueled risky lending, and the collapse of major investment banks due to their leveraged positions. It led to a recession characterized by falling home values, high unemployment, declining manufacturing and automotive industries, and financial losses for colleges. However, some developing countries were less impacted. The crisis also contributed to a shift in global power towards countries like China, India, and Brazil. Governments responded by reducing interest rates, increasing spending on infrastructure, lowering taxes and boosting transfer payments, and establishing funds to provide companies with access to capital.
WorldCom filed for bankruptcy in 2002 despite appearing to have growth potential. The telecom boom of the 1990s led to overexpansion as companies built extensive networks. By 2000, there was too much capacity and fierce price competition emerged. WorldCom grew rapidly through 65 acquisitions from 1991-1997, taking on substantial debt. However, integration of acquired companies was poor. Additionally, WorldCom engaged in fraudulent accounting practices like capitalizing normal operating expenses to inflate profits. When the telecom market declined, WorldCom could not sustain its business model and massive debt, leading to its collapse.